scholarly journals To the history of Antarctica: from discovery to research

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
I. A. Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subglacial Topography ◽  
International Geophysical

Systematic study of Antarctica began only a century and a half after its discovery by the Russian expedition of F. Bellingshausen and M. Lazarev on the sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny” on January 16 (20), 1820. Since the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1956, regular studies of ice cover, subglacial topography, geomorphology of the surrounding seas and bottom sediments, as well as marine and continental biological communities have begun on the continent and coastal waters. Scientists from the Institute of Oceanology took part in the first Russian Antarctic expeditions. Their work gave new knowledge about the nature of Antarctica and largely determined the scientific direction of its future research.

Lt Cdr George R. Lush, M.B.E., R.N

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Geophysical

Commander Lush will be remembered in the record of the Royal Society as one who played a distinguished role in the Society’s history of expeditions. He took a leading part in two of these. First from January 1956 to January 1957 when as a member of the advance party, under the leadership of Surgeon Commander David Dalgliesh, he participated in the setting up of the Society’s Antarctic geophysical research station, later named Halley Bay, as a contribution to the International Geophysical Year. The party, having sailed in MV Tottan made landfall in the southerly Weddell Sea where man had not trod before and in the severe Antarctic conditions, built the research station which has been the base of so much valuable geophysical work ever since. George Lush with all his skill and determination gave conspicuous service in this year’s operation.

scholarly journals Sixtieth anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (1957–2017) – contribution of the Soviet Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Yulia S. Lyubovtseva ◽  
Alexei D. Gvishiani ◽  
Anatoly A. Soloviev ◽  
Olga O. Samokhina ◽  
Roman I. Krasnoperov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Scientific Event ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
Sixtieth Anniversary

Abstract. The International Geophysical Year (IGY) was the most significant international scientific event in geophysical sciences in the history of mankind. This was the largest international experiment that brought together about 300 000 scientists from 67 countries. Well-planned activity of national and international committees was organized for the first time. The history of the IGY organization and complex international experiments in planetary geophysics conducted within its program are discussed in this article. Special attention is given to the estimation of the significance of this project for developing worldwide geophysical research.

Terra Antarctica: a history of cognition and landscape

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Terra Incognita ◽  
Northern European ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Programs ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical

The evolution of our perception of the Antarctic from an unknown space to a comprehensible place can be traced through the evolution of its portrayal in visual art. Early expedition artists relied upon the topographically-based aesthetic traditions of northern European landscape painting as the polar region was first charted, and the continent's outlines were traced in coastal profiles during the late eighteenth through mid-nineteenth centuries. This pragmatic approach with its close ties to cartographic needs was later superseded by increasingly symbolic depictions of the environment. The artists accompanying Scott, Shackleton and Mawson, for example, often portrayed the Antarctic as an historic stage for heroic action. With the International Geophysical Year in 1957–1958, modernist aesthetics reached the continent. Visiting artists sponsored by national programs began to abstract the environment in photography and painting. By the turn of the century, sculptors and installation artists had helped bring the Antarctic more fully into the international cultural arena as a subject for contemporary art. This aesthetic shift is both a symptom of, and part of the process for, the transformation of a terra incognita into a terra Antarctica.

scholarly journals Od surowych danych do wizualizacji. Baza danych do dziejów mieszkańców lubelskiego Podzamcza z lat 1633-1733

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 93-132
Author(s):  
Piotr Zimny
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Old Maps ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
Accessible Form

W artykule omówiono korzyści płynące z analizowania danych źródłowych przy wykorzystaniu edycji bazodanowych oraz możliwości istniejące w tego typu projektach badawczych. Artykuł przybliża kilka przykładowych historii rodzin i charakterystycznych miejsc Podzamcza oraz grupuje dane statystyczne według wybranych kryteriów, m.in. kierunku migracji i dynamiki napływu ludności oraz różnorodności rzemiosł i profesji pozyskanych z bazy danych. From Raw Data to Visualization. A Database for the History of Inhabitants of Lublin’s Podzamcze District of 1633–1733 The goal of the paper is to show the potential existing in the information on the Jewish population inhabiting the Podzamcze district contained in Lublin’s town registers of 1633–1733. The article seeks to study the problem of presenting Big Data in an accessible form. By using a database management system, the author carries out a statistical analysis of the obtained data, draws conclusions, and outlines the directions of future research. He introduces the historical and economic background, discusses family relationships and changes in the dynamics of the neighborhood and 118 Piotr Zimny population migration, as well as telling the histories of several families and showing their genealogical trees. He presents selected professions and shows the numerical strength and activity of individual occupational groups, and represents selected research results in the form of infographics and illustrations. The author also provides an outline of the sociotopographic map of the Jewish Town complemented with the information contained in the old maps of Lublin. The paper is a synthesis of the hitherto collected information, and an attempt to look more broadly at the capabilities contained in this type of projects, in which data processing and analysis is difficult but at the same time valuable and leading to gaining new knowledge.

Through the lens of the polar years: changing characteristics of polar research in historical perspective

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aant Elzinga
Keyword(s):  
International Polar Year ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Computer Aided Analysis ◽  
Geophysical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Polar ◽  
Archaeology Of Knowledge ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

ABSTRACTThe four polar years are used as windows for highlighting changes in the character of polar research over the past 125 years. The approach taken may be seen as one of an archaeology of knowledge. As such it fixes on four separate strata in the history of science and seeks to lay bare distinctive features in each of these. To simplify, the focus is selective, mainly presenting three types of aspect for each year. The first is the character of the instruments and research technologies employed in each, and the second is the kinds of problems tackled, while the third is the associated view or ideal of science that stands out. The latter aspect has to do with epistemology. The paper suggests that whereas work during the first International Polar Year (IPY) reflected an empirical inductivist philosophy of science, during the second IPY a mix of problem oriented, and hypothesis driven, approaches existed alongside inductivism. By the time of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) the theoretical foundations of polar research had grown stronger and much of the focus had shifted to larger scale geophysical processes. Finally, today's ambition to develop an integrated Earth system science reflects an ideal that is systemic, constructivist and predictive. Such epistemological features are evident in some of the most advanced forms of computer aided analysis of Arctic and Antarctic processes, as well as in visualisation methodologies used to interpret and present data, concepts, models and theories. This latest approach is evident in some of the planning and agenda setting documents generated under the auspices of the current IPY.

scholarly journals Filmowe portrety Stanisława Siedleckiego (1912–2002) na tle Svalbardu. Fragmenty wizualnej historii nauki

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-142
Author(s):  
Jacek Szymala ◽  
Andrei Rogatchevski
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Film History ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Post War ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
Visual History

Stanisław Siedlecki’s (1912–2002) Film Portraits against the Backdrop of Svalbard. Vignettes from the Visual History of Science The article offers a new perspective on Stanisław Siedlecki’s biography through visual history, with a particular emphasis on film history. The connections between Siedlecki’s life and the cinema can be grouped in three sections: 1. films starring Siedlecki, 2. films by Siedlecki and 3. films about Siedlecki. The film Do Ziemi Torella (To Torell Land) represents the pre-war period; the post-war period is marked by Siedlecki’s collaboration with Jarosław Brzozowcki on the making of Skroplone Powietrze (Liquefied Air) and Wieliczka – both from 1946. In the International Geophysical Year 1957/1958, Siedlecki led the Polish polar expedition, during which the visual material was created. He appeared in all three ‘roles’ (as a co-writer, protagonist, and consultant) in Jarosław Brzozowski’s film W Zatoce Białych Niedźwiedzi (In the Polar Bear Bay). He consulted polar films until the early 1990s. There are also two film biographies (portraits) of Siedlecki by Wanda Rollna and Iwona Bartólewska. The analysis of this material has also shed new light on the visual narration of the Polish polar expeditions in the 20th century.

Bayesian Inference in Human Time Perception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Psychophysical Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Dimension ◽  
Perception Of Time

Time is a fundamental dimension of human perception, cognition and action, as the perception and cognition of temporal information is essential for everyday activities and survival. Innumerable studies have investigated the perception of time over the last 100 years, but the neural and computational bases for the processing of time remains unknown. First, we present a brief history of research and the methods used in time perception and then discuss the psychophysical approach to time, extant models of time perception, and advancing inconsistencies between each account that this review aims to bridge the gap between. Recent work has advocated a Bayesian approach to time perception. This framework has been applied to both duration and perceived timing, where prior expectations about when a stimulus might occur in the future (prior distribution) are combined with current sensory evidence (likelihood function) in order to generate the perception of temporal properties (posterior distribution). In general, these models predict that the brain uses temporal expectations to bias perception in a way that stimuli are ‘regularized’ i.e. stimuli look more like what has been seen before. Evidence for this framework has been found using human psychophysical testing (experimental methods to quantify behaviour in the perceptual system). Finally, an outlook for how these models can advance future research in temporal perception is discussed.

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