Madeleine Thien's Chinese Encyclopedia: Facts, Musics, Sympathies

This article explores the “encyclopedic” properties of Madeleine Thien's Do Not Say We Have Nothing (2016), seeking to define the novel as inherently comparative—that is, providing, in Edward Said's words, “a comparative or, better, a contrapuntal perspective” on the world with no need for a second counterpart text to draw cross-literary parallels. Written from a transpacific narratorial stance of a millennial Vancouver-based daughter of Chinese immigrants, the narrative communicates her secondhand knowledge about the traumatic twentieth-century history of the People's Republic of China, accumulated in multiple alternating substories of ordinary individuals’ “practical past” as opposed to official historiography. The article likens Thien's patchwork storytelling to Jorge Luis Borges's apocryphal “Chinese” encyclopedia and novel, to the premodern equation between language and reality discussed in Michel Foucault's “archaeology of knowledge,” to classical Chinese novels as described by Goethe and Franco Moretti, and to J. S. Bach's polyphonic layout of the Goldberg Variations. Constructing sympathetic networks of music and literature, Do Not Say We Have Nothing facilitates readerly immersion, yet its fictional storyworld may not feel universally plausible. Sharing its writer's experience of teaching Thien in Hong Kong, the article suggests that a critique of the novel's Western, nearly Orientalist standpoint with respect to sensitive issues of recent Chinese history does not dismiss the contrapuntal outlook Thien's readers are invited to adopt beyond their experiential backgrounds. Reading Thien, one learns to hear the world's polyphony. That, and not a comprehensive multitude of facts summarizing a national mentality and coherent knowledge about the world, makes Do Not Say We Have Nothing encyclopedic.

Bahasa dan Kekuasaan dalam Historiografi Islam Marshall G.S. Hodgson

Historian has been preserving a historical unity and continuity as a truth. There is an assumption that history has a ‘constant’. This paper explains and proves otherwise. This writing understands history is in fact filled with various ruptures, differences, and deviations. This uncertainty has taken place when ‘language’ becomes a focus of the study of history. In his L’Archeologie du savoir (1969), Michel Foucault (1926-1984) rejected the preconception of history as unity and continuity. He believed the history as a journey with various ruptures, differences, and irregularities that reveal uncertainty. This reversal has taken place when language as the focus’ study in the history of knowledge. Foucault has called this method as the Archaeology of Knowledge. This is the question which this paper is going to respond: “How does Michel Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge, the analytical philosophy of language, elucidate the diversity within Marshall G.S. Hodgson’s history of Islam?” These three below mentioned questions respectively reflect a three-fold dimension of the diversity in Foucault’s thoughts as explained in his L’Archeologie du savoir (poststructuralism-structuralism, postmodernism, and philosophy of history). First, how does Hodgson, as a structuralist, write the history of Islam by way of developing system of discourses to reveal meaning; at the same time, as a poststructuralist, he reveals incoherence of discourses and its plurality of meanings? Second, how do we understand that the social structure in the history cannot be simply detached from the chains of power as a constitutive dimension of discourse? Third, how do we comprehend, that in every stages of history, they have its distinctive episteme and diversity of thoughts that support the formation of discourses? This research is essentially to explain the three perspectives of Foucault’s philosophy. At the same time, the three approaches in Hodgson’s writing on the history of Islam are also being explored. Both points of convergence and of divergence have become the whole study of this paper.

Powered by healthism? Marketing discourses of food and health

Purpose Driven by the visible proliferation of marketing scholarship dedicated to the topics of food marketing and consumer well-being, this study aims to examine the prevailing meanings and assumptions around food and health in marketing research. Design/methodology/approach Following the guiding principles of Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge and the methodological orientation of critical discourse analysis, the authors analyze a systematically produced corpus of 190 academic articles from 56 publication outlets. Findings The study identifies three discourses of health and food dominant in marketing and consumer research. Each of the three discourses blends the ideology of healthism with market(ing) ideologies and provides a unique perspective on the meanings of health and health risks, the principles of appropriate consumer conduct and the role of marketing in regard to consumer and societal well-being. Research limitations/implications The study contributes to research into ideologies in and of marketing by introducing useful concepts that help explain the role of healthism in marketing discourse. Practical implications The finding of three dominant discourses could help reduce at least some of the existing complexity in regard to conflicting knowledge existing in the domain of health and food, and thus could inspire a more reflective body of work by researchers, policymakers and marketers towards improved food-related well-being. Originality/value This analysis of assumptions and consequences of the meanings mobilized by the dominant marketing discourses contributes to a better understanding of the current state of knowledge about health in the market reality.

The Theses on Feuerbach and Decolonising Methodology: A Parallel Walking

This article aims to reflect upon the relevance of Decolonization methodologies with the Theses on Feuerbach. Somehow, all the Indigenous scholars started from new Marxist like Paulo Freire, Frantz Fanon, but not from classic Marx. To us, the German Ideology of young Marx only resembles the pioneering sources of Indigenous methodology. This discussion is thus a reflection of our studies and a philosophic endeavor to talk about the marginal people of the world, and the scholars who engaged in and with the oppressed. However, we are not prepared to turn our attention away from all the vastness of Marx to a collection of potentially equally relevant to Indigenous methodology. This article concludes that the Theses on Feuerbach is the core of Marxist archaeology of knowledge or philosophy as a whole and has been wading in the Indigenous paradigm.

La “Arqueología del Saber” en Ricardo Palma

ResumenLa “Carta Tónico-biliosa” (1874) escrita por el joven Ricardo Palma tiene una significación filosófica, pues allí señala una especie de Declaración de Principios de carácter ético y estético, que no solo señalarán su camino creativo, sino el de toda su generación. Allí plantea desarrollar una “arqueología del saber” para comprender mejor el nacimiento republicano de la nación peruana.Palabras clave: Carta, significación, declaración de principios, filosofía, ética, estética, criticismo literario, la virtud de la amistad AbstractThe “Carta Tónico-biliosa” written in 1874 by the young Ricardo Palma has a philosophical significance. Thus, in there he points out a kind of declaration of ethical and aesthetic principles, which will not only set his personal creative path but that of his entire generation. In this letter, he proposes to develop an “archaeology of knowledge” to understand better the republican birth of the Peruvian nation.Keywords: Letter, significance, declaration of principles, philosophy, ethics, aesthetics, literary criticism, the virtue of friendship.

Contribuições para os estudos sobre a pesquisa educacional no Brasil: análise bibliométrica de artigos da Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (1944-1974)

Analisa, na perspectiva da Ciência da Informação, 206 artigos da Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (RBEP), selecionados do universo de cerca 2.224 artigos, publicados de 1944 a 1974. Os critérios de seleção foram norteados por princípios da arqueologia do saber de Michel Foucault. A partir das categorias empíricas "produtividade de artigos", "temáticas relevantes" e "produtividade de autores", consideram-se as fases de governos brasileiros: Estado Novo, Dutra, Vargas, Kubitschek, Jânio-Goulart e governos militares. Os resultados podem se constituir em subsídios para uma descrição do processo de institucionalização da pesquisa educacional no Brasil, como um campo disciplinar, e apontam para outra vertente de estudo que identifica sistemas de exclusão no processo de produção da literatura periódica. Palavras-chave: pesquisa educacional no Brasil; bibliometria (Ciência da Informação); Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos; periódicos – estudos. Abstract The paper analyses, within the perspective of the Science of Information, 206 articles of the Brazilian Journal of Pedagogical Studies (RBEP), selected from a range of 2,224 articles, published from 1944 to 1974. The criteria applied to the selection of the articles were guided by the principles of the archaeology of knowledge of Michael Foucault. From the empirical categories "article productivity", "relevant thematic" and "authors' productivity", it considers the phases of the Brazilian governments: "Estado Novo" (New State), Dutra, Vargas, Kubitschek, Jânio-Goulart and military governments. The results may subsidize a description of the institutionalization process of the educational research in Brazil, as a disciplinary area, and they show another sources for studies that identify systems of exclusion in the process of production of periodicals. Keywords: educational research in Brazil; bibliometry Science of Information); Brazilian Journal of Pedagogical Studies; periodicals – studies.

POLITIK MENURUT FOUCAULT DALAM “THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE” DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI MULTIKULTURALISME INDONESIA

Political science, the study of politics, examines the acquisition and application of power. Related areas of study include political philosophy, which seeks a rationale for politics and an ethic of public behavior, political economy, which attempts to develop understandings of the relationships between politics and the economy and the governance of the two, and public administration, which examines the practices of governance. Many have dream up the idealization of the politics realization. Politics should not dirty! But, the fact, actually in Indonesia, politics are corruption, abuse of power, and immoral. Is that only one paradigm of politics? Indonesia must learn to Foucault to build the good governance. Specially, i hope, the discussion of this theme can give any contribution for Indonesian politic and social lives, of which to be felt decline in any ways progressively.

An archaeological analysis to trace the emergence and transformation of qualified physical education teachers in Singapore primary schools

This study explored the underlying processes associated with the policy of increasing qualified physical education teachers (QPETs) in Singapore primary schools. Data were collected from the National Archives of Singapore, Newslink, NewpaperSG and documents. An ‘archaeological analysis’ by Foucault (1972) was used to trace the discursive conditions which enabled and facilitated the policy. Three distinct elements were borrowed from ‘The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language’, namely: the status – as reflected in the positions of individuals influencing the PE policies and initiatives; the institutional sites – as in the locations of the decisions being exercised, and; the situation – identified by the key events leading to the decision to increase QPETs in primary schools. The conclusions based on the analysis of these elements offer a clearer understanding of the various contributions to the adoption of the policy and serve to provide an insightful lens to policymakers who might seek to redesign the future shape of Physical Education.