scholarly journals FORMULATION OF LUBRICATING GREASE FOR AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT APPLICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ratu Ulfi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Lubricating Grease ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Dropping Point ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Equipment Application ◽  
Performance Examination

The formulation of environmentally friendly greases based on castor oil have been developed for agricultural equipment application. In order to improve base oil and tribological performances, several additives such as sterically hindered phenolic type antioxidants (AO), liquid mixture of amine phosphate as an extreme pressure (EP) and disodium sebacate as a corrosion inhibitor (CI) additive were added. The objective of this study is to develop a lubricating grease formula for agricultural equipment applications having high oxidation stability, good wear and corrosion protection, and excellence in terms of water resistance. The results of physical-chemical and performance examination show that the product developed has the following speci􀂿 cations: NLGI grade is 2, dropping point is at temperature of 192.5oC, unworked and worked penetrations are 255 mm/10 and 307 mm/10 respectively. The copper strip corrosion is 1a, and scar diameter is 0.57 mm. The physical-chemical characterics of the grease developed still meet speci􀂿 cations, especially for agricultural equipment application.

Preparation and tribological properties of attapulgite – bentonite clay base grease

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiedan Chen ◽  
Yanqiu Xia ◽  
Zhilu Liu ◽  
Zeyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Lubricating Grease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Dropping Point ◽  
Attapulgite Clay ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Base Grease

Purpose – The mixture of attapulgite and bentonite was used as a thickener, and polyalphaolefin was used as the base oil to prepare the new lubricating grease. Some solid particles such as Polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE), MoS2, nano-calcium carbonate and graphite were added in the new lubricating grease as anti-wear additives to investigate the tribological sensitivity. Design/methodology/approach – The new lubricating grease was evaluated by optimol-SRV reciprocating friction and wear tester, and the wear volumes were determined using a MicroXAM-3D. At the same time, the dropping point and the cone penetration were investigated and analyzed. The tribological properties of the new lubricating grease and the sensitivity of some solid lubricating additives to the new lubricating base grease were investigated; pure organic-bentonite and pure organic-attapulgite base grease were used as contrast. Findings – The new lubricating grease based on the surface-modified bentonite/attapulgite clay base grease was synthesized with a relatively high dropping point, and the mass ratio is 25/75 bentonite/attapulgite clay base grease, having a better tribological performance. MoS2 was used as an anti-wear additive that has good tribological sensitivity to the new lubricating base grease. Originality/value – The main innovative thought of this work lies in the mixture of attapulgite and bentonite used as thickener. A relevant report is not available at present.

scholarly journals The influence of base oil type on the rheological properties of ecological lubricating greases

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Rafał Kozdrach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Lubricating Grease ◽  
Dispersion Phase ◽  
Base Oil

The article presents the results of research on the influence the type of base oil in lubricating compositions has on the rheological parameters of selected lubricants. Vegetable, mineral, and synthetic dispersion phases were used to produce lubricating greases. The modified amorphous silica was used as the dispersed phase. However, as a modifying additive was used a substance containing the antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, and EP/AW additives. The experiments on rheological properties were carried out using a Physica MCR 101 rotational rheometer (manufactured by Anton Paar), equipped with a diffusion air bearing and connected to a pneumatic supply – an oil-free Jun-Air compressor and air drying block. The device is equipped with a Peltier system for temperature control in the range of –20°C to 200°C and an external thermostatic VISCOTHERM V2 system, working in the temperature range of –20°C to 200°C. The rheometer control and measurement data analysis were performed using Rheoplus software. The tests were carried out using a cone-plate measuring system with a shear rate range of 0.01–100 s-1 at 20°C for lubricating compositions prepared on various oil bases. To evaluate the value of rheological parameters, the results of tests of the dependence between shear stress and shear rate (flow curves) were used. For the theoretical determined on the flow curves, the following rheological models were used: Bingham, Herschel–Bulkley, Casson, and Tscheuschner. The values of the shear stress (yield point) in depending on the type of dispersion phase has changed. This proves that the use of a base oil with the appropriate functional properties does not weaken, but reinforces the spatial structure of a lubricating grease. It has an important meaning when selecting construction parameters when designing a central lubrication system with grease made from a vegetable oil base (Abyssinian oil). The rheological properties of the lubricating grease are influenced by the type of base oil and thickener, any additives in the grease, the production technology of the grease, and the conditions in which it is used. The tests revealed an important influence of the base oil on the rheological parameters that describe the behaviour of lubricating compositions subjected to stresses and strains in a lubricating system.

Effects of phosphorus-free antioxidants on oxidation stability and high-temperature tribological properties of lubricants

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (12) ◽  
pp. 1527-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Liping ◽  
Zhang Dongya ◽  
Wu Hongxing ◽  
Xie Youbai ◽  
Dong Guangneng
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Ternary Complex ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Hindered Phenol ◽  
Standard Tests

Oxidation stability plays an important role on the engine oil service performance. In this paper, the phosphorus-free antioxidants of diphenylamine, hindered phenol and dibutyldithiocarbamate, combined with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate were added as antioxidants in the base oil and the fully formulated 5W-30 oil, and the oxidation stabilities were evaluated by pressurized differential scanning calorimetry and Romaszewski oil bench oxidation standard tests. Meanwhile, the tribological properties of the fresh and aged oils were evaluated by a SRV tribo-meter. The results indicated that (i) an optimal ternary complex antioxidant of dibutyldithiocarbamate: diphenylamine: hindered phenol (ratio of 2:1:2) displayed good antioxidation property, and (ii) the fully formulated 5W-30 oil containing optimized ratio phosphorus-free antioxidants had better tribological properties than the commercial SN 5W-30 oil.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of CuO-ZnO Nano Additive for Lubricant

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Buddha Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Hira Mani Trital ◽  
Armila Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mixed Metal

A mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) additives has been successfully synthesized in laboratory by co-precipitation technique. The optimum ratio of CuO and ZnO in mixed metal oxide was found to be 1:1. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been used as surfactant. The obtained material was found to be crystalline having crystalline size of 18 nm. The stretching band in FTIR spectra at around 1072 cm-1 to 750 cm-1 and around 600 cm-1 indicates the presence of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds. As prepared nano-particles have been used as nano additive in base oil to improve physio-chemical parameters of lubricants. The results revealed that the additive blended base oil (lubricant) has shown excellent lubrication properties. The higher kinematic viscosity of 33.0504 and 6.0158 at 40°C and 100°C respectively showed that as prepared additive blended lubricant is of ISO-32 category according to ISO grading system for lubricants. Similarly, viscosity index was found to be improved from 101 to 129. The pour point was found to be significantly decreased from -6°C to -24°C. So it can be used as good pour point depressant and could be used even in the extreme cold environment condition. The flash point was found to be increased from 215°C to 220°C indicating that the prepared mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) acts as flash point enhancer. The copper strip corrosion rating was found to be 1b for additive indicating the non corrosive nature. The absence of moisture and pH around the neutral range 6.18 showed the additive blended lubricant is not harmful for machinery devices.

scholarly journals Corundum Molds for Investment Casting from Refractory Alloys and Metals

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
P. A. Storozhenko ◽  
G. I. Shcherbakova ◽  
D. V. Sidorov ◽  
M. S. Varfolomeev ◽  
A. S. Murkina
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Investment Casting ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Refractory Alloys ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reactive Metals

Production procedure, physical-chemical, and performance properties of ALUMOX silica-free binder used for the production of high-heat-resistant corundum shell molds by consumable patterns employed in the production of critical molds from superalloyed reactive metals and alloys are described. ALUMOX usage allows obtaining casts from reactive metals and alloys with surface roughness up to  m (basic casts— m), which, in its turn, increases fatigue parameters of the material (endurance, durability).

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