Засоби реалізації стратегії негативної презентації опонентів як маркери концептуальних стилів Дж. Буша Мол. і Б. Обами

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Діана Каліщук
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Culture Conflict ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
The Press ◽  
National University ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
President Bush

У статті розглянуті мовленнєві маніпуляції як інструментальне вираження персуазивності у мовленні. Маніпуляцію розглядають як особливу комунікативно-мовленнєву стратегію здійснення впливу в політичному дискурсі, яка реалізується через низку тактик. Вибір тактик зазнає впливу концептуального стилю автора політичного дискурсу. У статті проаналізовані тактики реалізації стратегії негативної презентації «інших», зокрема, тактики «Надгенералізація» та «Екземпліфікація», як маркери концептуальних стилів президентів США Дж. Буша мол. та Б. Обами. Доведено, що особливості мовлення носіїв різних стилів зумовлюють вищу частотність певних тактик та, відповідно, нижчу частотність інших тактик. Тактика «Екземпліфікація» – це перенесення рис, що притаманні певній етнічній (чи іншій) групі загалом на конкретну подію чи особу. Ця тактика може вважатися типовою для дискурсу Дж. Буша мол., концептуальний стиль якого є аналітичним, що пояснюється дедуктивністю мовлення носіїв аналітичного стилю та їх схильністю до надмірного використання ярликів. Індуктивність мовлення Б. Обами, який є носієм реляційного концептуального стилю, пояснює вищу частотність тактики «Надгенералізація» у його дискурсі. «Надгенералізація» – це узагальнення одиничної моделі, певних аспектів часткового досвіду до загальної групової схеми. ЛітератураReferences Бережанська Ю. В. Лінгвостилістичні особливості персуазивного медичногодискурсу, присвяченого проблемі евтаназії // Наукові записки Національногоуніверситету «Острозька академія». Серія «Філологічна»: зб. наук. праць. 2014. Вип.44. С. 39–41.Berezhanska, Yu. (2014). Linhvostylistychni osoblyvosti persuazyvnoho medychnohodyskursu, prysvyachenoho problemi evtanasii [Linguo-stylistic peculiarities of medicaldiscourse dedicated to the issue of eutanasia]. Naukovi Zapysky NatsionalnohoUniversytetu “Ostroz’ka Academia”, 44, 39–41. Голоднов А. В. Лингвопрагматические особенности персуазивной коммуникации (напримере современной немецкоязычной рекламы). Автореф. дис. ... канд. филол.наук: 10.02.01. СПб., 2003.Golodnov, A. V. (2003) Lingvopragmaticheskiye osbennosti persuazivnoy kommunikatsii(na primere sovremmennoy nemetsoyazychnoy reklamy) [Lingvopragmatic peculiarities ofpersuasive communication (based on the German-speaking advertisements)]. ExtendedAbstarct of Ph.D. dissertation. St. Petersburg. Дейк Т. А. ван. Дискурс и власть: Репрезентация доминирования в языке икоммуникации/ Т. А. ван Дейк ; [пер. с англ.]. М.: Книжный дом «ЛИБРОКОМ»,2013.Dijk, T. van. (2013). Diskurs i Vlast’: Reprezentatsiya Domimirovaniya v Yazyke iKommunikatsiyi [Discourse and Power: Representation of Dominance in the Languageand Communication]. Moscow: Librokom. Доценко Е. Л. Психология манипуляции: феномены, механизмы и защита. СПб.:Речь, 2004.Dotsenko, Ye. (2004). Psikhologiya manipuliatsiyi: fenomeny, mekhanizmy i zashchita[Psychology of manipulation: phenomena, mechanisms and protection]. St. Petersburg:Rech’. Засєкіна Л. В., Засєкін С. В. Психолінгвістична діагностика. Луцьк: РВВ «Вежа»,2008.Zasiekina, L., Zasiekin, S. (2008). Psycholinhvistychna Diahnostyka [PsycholinguisticDiagnostics]. Lutsk: Vezha”. Ильченко М. Л. Метакоммуникативные тактики доминирования в американскомэлекторальном дискурсе (на материале предвыборных теледебатов) // Проблемылингвистики и лингводидактики. Вып. 1. Под ред. С. А. Моисеевой, Л. Г. Петровой.Белгород: ИПЦ «ПОЛИТЕРРА», 2013. С. 88–96.Ilchenko, M. (2013). Metakommunikativnyie taktiki dominirovaniya v amerakanskomelectoralnom diskurse (na materiale predvybornykh teledebatov) [Metacommunicative tactics of domination in American electoral discourse (based on pre-election debates)].Problemy Lingvistiki i Lingvodidaktiki, 1, 88–96. Калита А. А., Тараненко Л. И. Речевая манипуляция: определение, функция,механизм реализации // Вісник Харківського національного університету іменіВ. Н. Каразіна. Серія «Романо-германська філологія. Методика викладанняіноземних мов». 2012. № 1022. Вип. 71. С. 10–19.Kalyta, A., Taranenko, L. (2012). Rechevaya manipulyatsiya: opredeleniye, funktsiya,mekhanizm realizatsii [Speech manipulation: definition, function, mechanisms ofrealisation]. Bulletin of V. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, 71(1022), 10–19. Молодыченко Е. Н. Создание образа врага как персуазивная стратегияамериканского политического дискурса: когнитивный и лингвопрагматическийанализ: на материале публичных речей политических деятелей 1960–2008 гг:Автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук: 10.02.04. С.-Петербург, 2010.Molodychenko, Ye. (2010). Sozdaniye obraza vraga kak persuazivnaya strategiiaamerikanskogo politicheskogo diskursa: kognitivnyy i lingvopragmaticheskii analiz: namaterial publichnykh rechey politicheskikh deyateley 1960–2008 [Enemy Image Creationas Persuasive Strategy of American Political Discourse: Cognitive and Lingual-PragmaticAnalysis: Based on Public Speeches of Politicians of 1960–2008]. Extended Abstract ofPh.D. dissertation. St. Petersburg. Серажим К. С. Дискурс як соціолінгвальне явище: методологія, архітектоніка,варіативність (на матеріалах сучасної газетної публіцистики): монографія / за ред.В. Різуна)]. Київ, 2002.Serazhym, K. (2002). Dyskurs Yak Sotsiolinhvalne Yavyshche: Metodolohiya,Arkhitektonika, Variatyvnist’ (Na Materialakh Suchasnoii Hazetnoii Publitsystyky)[Discourse as Sociolingual Phenomenon: Methodology, Archirectonics, Variability (Basedon Modern Newspaper Discourse)], V. Rizun, ed. Kyiv. Чернявская В. Е. Дискурс власти и власть дискурса: проблемы речевоговоздействия: учеб. пособие. М.: Флинта; Наука, 2006.Chernyavskaya, V. (2006). Diskurs Vlasti i Vlast’ Diskursa: Problemy RechevogoVozdeystviya [Discorse of Power and Power of Discourse: Issues of Speech Influence].Moscow: Flinta; Nauka. Cohen, R. (1969). Conceptual styles, culture conflict, and nonverbal tests of intelligence.American Anthropologist, 71(5), 828–856. Sources Nation and World. Transcript of President George W. Bush’s «Mission Accomplished»Speech. Retrieved from: http://pix11.com/2013/04/30/transcript-of-president-george-wbushs-mission-accomplished-speech/#axzz2k5GVjca0 President Bush Discusses the Middle East. July 16, 2007. Retrieved from: https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/rls/rm/2007/ 88506.htm President Obama’s Full Campaign Kickoff Speech. May 05, 2012. Retrieved from:http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/05/news/la-pn-transcript-obama-campaign-kickoff20120505 Statement by the President on Ukraine. July 18, 2014. Retrieved from:http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/07 /18/statement-president-ukraine State of the Union Address. January 23, 2007. Retrieved from :http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/4455 State of the Union 2012: Obama Speech Transcript. January 25, 2012. Retrieved from:http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/state-of-the-union-2012-obama-speechexcerpts/2012/01 /24/gIQA9D3QOQ_story.html War and Appeasement. Barack Obama Speech on Bush, McCain, War and Appeasementin Watertown, South Dakota. 2008. Retrieved from: http://irregulartimes.com/index.php/archives/2008/05/16/text-transcript-of-barack-obama-speech-on-bush-mccainwar-and-appeasement-in-watertown-south-dakota-on-may-16-2008/

scholarly journals Expressive means of prosody in the address “On the State of the Country” (on the material of the speech given by Barack Obama in 2014)

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Tamara Anikyan
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Instrumental Methods

This article examines the expressive potential of prosodic means based on the 2014 State of the Union Address to Congress delivered by the President of the United States Barack Obama “On the State of the Country”. Special attention is given to the discursive characteristics of the text and the peculiarities of communicative situation, including such prosodic parameters as pausation, tone and intensity, word accents, as well as capabilities of the syllabic consonants. The author employs auditive and instrumental methods for the analysis of speech fragments of the politician, which illustrates the effectiveness of modifications of suprasegmental speech characteristics for achieving the optimal rhetorical effect in the information-enriched text. The relevance of this research is defined by need for comprehensive analysis of the political discourse and techniques used to influence the audience. The scientific novelty lies in consideration of the expressive capabilities of prosodic means in the political texts with consideration of various extralinguistic factors, as well as within the specific type of political discourse – orientation genre as a speech of information-prescriptive nature. The acquired results demonstrate the expressive potential of suprasegmental means in oral speech, and can be implemented in teaching students-philologists the principles of analysis of political texts from the perspective of expressive syntax, prosody, cognitive syllabics, and rhetoric.

Press Propaganda and Subaltern Agents of Pan-Islamic Networks in the Muslim Mediterranean World prior to World War I

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
North Africa ◽  
World War ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The Press ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores movement and circulation across the Mediterranean and seeks to contribute to a history of proto-nationalism in the Maghrib and the Middle East at a particular moment prior to World War I. The discussion is particularly concerned with the interface of two Mediterranean spaces: the Middle East (Egypt, Ottoman Empire) and North Africa (Morocco), where the latter is viewed as a case study where resistance movements sought external allies as a way of compensating for their internal weakness. Applying methods developed by Subaltern Studies, and linking macro-historical approaches, namely of a translocal movement in the Muslim Mediterranean, it explores how the Egypt-based society, al-Ittihad al-Maghribi, through its agent, Aref Taher, used the press as an instrument for political propaganda, promoting its Pan-Islamic programme and its goal of uniting North Africa.

scholarly journals The Unknown Unknowns of Humanitarian War

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Helal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
International Community ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
International Intervention ◽  
The Press ◽  
Press Office

On March 19, 2011, the United States, its European allies, and its Arab partners launched an eight-month intervention in Libya. This was said to be necessary because Mu'amar Gaddafi, Libya's longtime ruler, was responding to mass protests against his over forty-year dictatorial reign by waging war on his own people. As President Barack Obama explained, without international intervention “the calls of the Libyan people for help would go unanswered. The democratic values that we stand for would be overrun. Moreover, the words of the international community would be rendered hollow.”

World Archaeological Congress 2

Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (245) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
P. J. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
World Archaeological Congress ◽  
World Archaeological ◽  
Second World

After an adventurous birth bouncing from Venezuela to Colombia and back, the Second World Archaeological Congress duly and amicably took place in Barquisimeto, Venezuela, between 4 and 8 September 1990. Some 500 people attended, many of them gratifyingly young. Sadly absent were representatives from the USSR, China and the Middle East, but otherwise participants came from the Americas, North (not many), Middle (Mexico), and South (notably Venezuelans, Peruvians and Colombians); the whole of Europe (including former Eastern bloc countries but numerically mainly Britons); Africa and India, intellectually articulate and influential as ever; and Australasia. Jack Golson (Canberra) was elected new President with Larry Zimmerman (South Dakota) taking over as Secretary, and Sue Bulmer (Auckland) as Treasurer.

Reframing Audience

2014 ◽  
pp. 148-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Boynton ◽  
Glenn W. Richardson Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Black Box ◽  
The State ◽  
Evaluative Judgment ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Of The Union

Analysis of the audiences for the state of the union addresses on Twitter from 2010-2012 provides analytical leverage in unpacking the concept of audience, which has largely inhabited an analytical “black box,” seen as of critical importance but little understood. The authors frame audience as “co-motion” as it evolves from a broadcast medium to a medium of interaction in three moves: hashtags that establish a space for gathering, retweets that share reading, and sharing of urls that serve to communicate importance, evaluative judgment, and justification. They contrast the response of the congressional audience and the Twitter audience and find, while there was substantial overlap in their applause, members of Congress were less responsive than the Twitter audience to the president's calls for them to meet their responsibilities and less responsive to criticisms of major corporations. The authors find a vibrant political discourse on Twitter reaching a potential audience that rivals in size that of television, as audience becomes the public domain.

The Obama Coalition

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-164
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Black Power ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Racial Liberalism ◽  
Black President ◽  
Over Time

While the tensions between white hope and black despair were a dynamic that characterized politics in the Long Sixties, their structure is recursive. That is, the (positive and negative racial) feelings that undergird racial liberalism did not stop emerging and receding after law and order campaigns destroyed civil rights and Black Power organizing in the mid-70s. Nowhere is this clearer than in the entrance and disappearance of the so-called “Obama coalition” in 2008 to elect Barack Obama as the first biracial/black president in U.S. history. In considering how hope continues to be inextricably linked to rage, contempt, and despair, this brief conclusion considers hope as an ironic discourse of liberalism, particularly as it is racialized. The birth of Afro- pessimism as a coterminous discourse with what we now call the “post-racial” Obama coalition is important because it demonstrates how black feelings in the Long Sixties continue to shape national political discourse, demonstrating how affective politics are iterative as well as how they change over time.

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