Breaking the Limit: Breakthrough Technology to Develop Ultra Shallow Heavy Oil with Oil Mining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Pitaloka
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Potential Formation

Shallow heavy oil in Indonesia is one of undeveloped resources with high potential that require breakthrough in unconventional production technology. Iliran High Field, located in South Sumatera, has this potential and been conducting several production method for optimum production since 2011. The depth of the potential formation is 10 – 500 ft with range of viscosity 200 – 600 cp at reservoir temperature. Production methods including steam injection, radial jetting, chemical injection and variety in borehole size have resulted in low production rate. Major technical challenge is the reservoir have naturally very low reservoir pressure thus limiting possibility for further stimulation. Finding the production solution for this field would require technology that is not limited by pressure, which ultimately leads Medco to explore the opportunity of oil mining. Oil mining has been done for producing the shallow depth oil sand and has proven effective with high recovery factor. Since this is novel in Indonesia, preliminary studies were conducted. The studies conducted in laboratory use conventional core with the objective of selecting optimum extraction method and parameters. High recovery factor of > 94% was achieved by means of selecting solvent extraction method and parameters such as solvent type, ore to solvent ratio and ore size. The high recovery factor result concluded that oil-mining method is highly feasible and interesting for development. For the next step of this journey, larger scale of study is planned which includes real excavation result and further study of economic analysis. The positive result could be the solution for optimally produce the shallow heavy oil potential.

Kinetics of the In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy Oil by Nickel Nanoparticle Catalysts and Its Effect on Cyclic-Steam-Stimulation Recovery Factor

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Hamedi-Shokrlu ◽  
Tayfun Babadagli
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Catalytic Aquathermolysis ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Steam Stimulation

Summary The effect of nickel nanoparticles on in-situ upgrading of heavy oil (HO) during aquathermolysis and the effect of this process on the recovery through cyclic steam injection were studied. High-temperature experiments were conducted with a benchtop reactor to study the kinetics of the reactions among oil, water, and sandstones in the presence and absence of the nickel nanoparticles. Eighteen experiments were conducted at three different temperatures and at three different lengths of time, and the evolved hydrogen sulfide during the reaction was analyzed. The kinetic analysis showed that nickel nanoparticles reduce the activation energy of the reactions corresponding to the generation of hydrogen sulfide by approximately 50%. This reaction was the breakage of C-S bonds in the organosulfur compounds of the HO. The maximal catalysis effect was observed to be at a temperature of approximately 270°C. Also, the simulated-distillation gas-chromatography (GC) analysis of the oil sample, after the aquathermolysis reactions, confirmed the catalysis effect of nickel nanoparticles. According to this analysis, by catalytic process, the concentration of the components lighter than C30 increased whereas the concentration of heavier components decreased. Next, the effect of the catalytic aquathermolysis on the recovery factor of the steam-stimulation technique was studied. The stimulation experiments consisted of three injection/soaking/production phases. The results showed that the nickel nanoparticles increased the recovery factor by approximately 22% when the nanoparticles were injected with a cationic surfactant and xanthan-gum polymer. This increase of recovery was approximately 7% more than that of the experiment conducted with the surfactant and polymer only.

Application of the Marangoni Effect in Nanoemulsion on Improving Waterflooding Technology for Heavy-Oil Reservoirs

SPE Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danian Zhang ◽  
Xuan Du ◽  
Xinmin Song ◽  
Hongzhuang Wang ◽  
Xiuluan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Marangoni Effect ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Heavy Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Water

Summary Waterflooding is considered an important cold-production method because it is economically advantageous for heavy-oil-reservoir development; however, its efficiency is not remarkable because of the adverse oil/water-mobility ratio and cold damage from solid-state adsorption. To address this problem, oil/water emulsion is critical for improving the recovery by significantly altering oil mobility. Previous research is mainly focused on the effect of surfactants, salinity, and water/oil ratio on emulsion formation, rather than on the effect of kinetic energy under low or no shear stress on emulsification. In this study, experiments are conducted using a microscope to observe oil/water interfacial turbulence (Marangoni effect) when oil is dropped into a nanoemulsion. The purpose of this study is to form an emulsion using the interfacial turbulence under low or no shear stress, to improve heavy-oil recovery under waterflooding. The interfacial movement between a nanoemulsion and oil and the mechanism of formation of the emulsion are investigated. The Marangoni effect and mass transfer are observed by use of a microscope and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. Nanoemulsion, along with other methods of chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR), is compared by conducting coreflooding and sandpack-flooding experiments after waterflooding. The results show that the Marangoni effect can help to emulsify and remove the oil from oil sand by converting interfacial energy into kinetic energy. On the basis of flooding-experiment results, we conclude that slug injection with a combination of nanoemulsion flooding and polymer flooding is an effective method for improving heavy-oil recovery.

scholarly journals Development of HPLC Based QuEChERS Method for High Recovery of Fungicides From Vegetable Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Majid ◽  
Zeeshan Ali ◽  
Dilshad Husssain ◽  
Muhammad Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Hplc Technique ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract Vegetables are the most essential part of our diet. Several pesticides are used to kill the pests. These pest cause different diseases on vegetable plants. As a result of which they are getting more and more production of vegetables but there are many hazards for humans. To get rid of this problem, a simple QuEChERS method is used which is based on solvent extraction method in which different salts and acetonitrile were used. In this method clean-up process and extraction were important HPLC technique is used to determine the accurate results. Despicable recoveries of fungicides were ranges between 0.63% to 107.68% at spiking levels and at different factors through percentage RSD between 3.6% to 4.7%. LOD of two fungicides were in the range of 0.0021mg/kg to 0.00181mg/kg and LOQ of two fungicides were in the range of 0.0706mg/kg to 0.00606mg/kg. By varying many factors the recoveries of fungicides may vary. The recoveries of two fungicides may increase by increasing temperature, pH and concentration but decrease with the passage of time due to degradation of fungicides. By this QuEChERS method we get different concentration of fungicides in some vegetables but in Methi vegetables they are absent. And determinations and extraction of fungicides were completed by HPLC technique. QuEChERS method is very efficient and good method for determination of pesticides in various vegetables. Hence our experimental results were validated with this efficient method.

scholarly journals Production of High Purity Biosurfactants Using Heavy Oil Residues as Carbon Source

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3557
Author(s):  
Athina Mandalenaki ◽  
Nicolas Kalogerakis ◽  
Eleftheria Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Heavy Oil Residues ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Heavy Oil Residue

Typically, oil pollution cleanup procedures following first response actions include dispersion. Crude oil is biodegradable, and its bioavailability can be increased when dispersed into very fine droplets by means of chemical surfactants. Although their use is widely spread in many applications, the latter may prove toxic, depending on the extent of use. The use of biological means, such as bioremediation and biosurfactants, has emerged over the past years as a very promising ‘green’ alternative technology. Biosurfactants (BSs) are amphiphilic molecules produced by microorganisms during biodegradation, thus increasing the bioavailability of the organic pollutants. It is their biodegradability and low toxicity that render BSs as a very promising alternative to the synthetic ones. Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 strain ability to produce BSs, without any impurities from the substrate, was investigated. The biosurfactant production was scaled up by means of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a heavy oil residue substrate as the carbon source. The product is free from substrate impurities, and its efficiency is tested on oil bioremediation in the marine environment. The product’s dispersion efficiency was determined by the baffled flask test. The production method proposed can have a significant impact to the market, given the ever-increasing demand for ecologically friendly, reliable, commercially viable and economically competitive environmental cleanup techniques.

Review of characterization methods for water-soluble polymers used in oil sand and heavy oil industrial applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Terrestrial Animal

Water-soluble polymers have been used in many applications in the oil sand and heavy oil industries, including drilling, enhanced oil recovery, tailings treatment, and water treatment. Because they are water soluble, residual polymer can remain with the aqueous phase, potentially leading to environmental impacts. Investigating the environmental fate of these water-soluble polymers is particularly important as they may be toxic to aquatic biota or terrestrial animal life. However, since polymers are somewhat complex because of their high molecular weight, there are many challenges in their measurement, especially in complex matrices. In this paper, polymers used in oilfield applications, particularly in the oil sand or heavy oil industries, are reviewed and various analytical methods for polymer characterization are compared.

scholarly journals Gas Chromatography of Urinary Anthranilic Acid and 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid by Solvent Extraction Method

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1412-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUYUKI HIRANO ◽  
KAZUMI MORI ◽  
NOBUKO TSUBOI ◽  
SATOSHI KAWAI ◽  
TAKEO OHNO
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Anthranilic Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Hydroxyanthranilic Acid
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