scholarly journals HOW TO CRITICALLY APPRAISE A RESEARCH PAPER?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Ishtiaq Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Modern Medical Practice ◽  
Based Medicine

Background: Critical appraisal of research paper is a fundamental skill in modern medical practice, which is skills-set and developed throughout the professional career. The professional experience facilitates this and through integration with clinical experience and patient preference, permits high quality evidence-based medicine practice in patient care. These skills to be mastered not only by academic medical professionals but also by the clinicians involved in clinical practice. Objective: To provide a simple and robust method for assessing the trustworthiness of a research paper and its value in clinical practice. Methodology: Through detailed literature search, All essential sections and subsection mandatory for a research paper were identified followed by the necessary steps or information required in each section or questions which may arise or needs to addressed were identified. The important questions or steps which are integral in assessing the reliability and validity of a research are gathered during critical review of a research paper.   Results: Out of 128 full text articles, 49 full-text articles containing robust and pertinent information as per objective were short listed for review. Conclusion: Critical appraisal of a research paper or project is a fundamental skill in modern medical practice for assessing the worth of clinical research and in providing a guideline of its relevance to the profession.

HOW TO CRITICALLY APPRAISE A RESEARCH PAPER? (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishtiaq Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Modern Medical Practice ◽  
Based Medicine

UNSTRUCTURED Critical appraisal of research paper is a fundamental skill in modern medical practice, which is skills-set and developed throughout the professional career. The professional experience facilitates this and through integration with clinical experience and patient preference, permits high quality evidence-based medicine practice in patient care. These skills to be mastered not only by academic medical professionals but also by the clinicians involved in clinical practice. In this review, the important questions or steps which are integral in assessing the reliability and validity of a research are gathered during critical review of a research paper. The objective of this review is to provide a simple and robust method for assessing the trustworthiness of a research paper and its value in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of telemedicine on stigmatization and treatment burden in patients with health compromising lifestyles and chronic diseases: A critically appraised topic

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebere Ellison Obisike
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Treatment Burden ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Based Medicine

Objectives: To conduct a critical appraisal of peer reviewed articles on the effectiveness of telemedicine on stigmatization and treatment burden in patients with health compromising lifestyles and chronic diseases.Methods: This study critically appraised peer-reviewed article on the effectiveness of telemedicine on stigmatization and treatment burden in patients with health compromising lifestyles and chronic diseases. Treatments included e-health interventions, information and communication technologies used in health care, internet-based interventions for diagnosis and treatments that encouraged collaborative care for patients with chronic diseases.  This paper critically appraised the full text of each relevant peer-reviewed article adapting the Occupational Therapy Critically Appraised Topics (CATs) template while using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine- Levels of Evidence (2011) model to assess for best evidence or quality. Results: Initial internet search using Psychinformation; PubMed; Medline; ProQuest; CINAHL; OT seeker and the Cochrane Library generated over 1450 titles/abstracts. Following abstract appraisal, 30 articles were selected for full text assessment. Five of the final articles selected for this critical appraisal alluded to the effectiveness of telemedicine in reducing the treatment burden of stigmatization on patients with chronic diseases. Majority of the appraised articles indicated the effectiveness of telemedicine in changing behaviours.Conclusions: All the appraised articles alluded to the effectiveness of telemedicine in curbing some of the treatment burdens of stigmatization for patients with health compromising lifestyles and chronic diseases. However, it is evident that the use of other intervention methods such as government policy, public education and patient empowerment in conjunction with telemedicine would better reduce the effect of stigmatization and facilitate the medical interventions for patients with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals The art and craft of scientific writing and critical appraisal of a research paper

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Bikal Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Scientific Writing ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Online Publishing ◽  
Art Form

Writing is an art and like any art form, it needs perseverance, dedication and practice. However, to write a good quality paper, the habit of reading scientific articles and analyzing them is very important. With the advent of internet and online publishing, we have access to colossal research articles on myriads of subjects making extraordinary conclusions.  Evidence based practice requires us to rely on literature for our clinical practice, and we have abundant publications on all aspects claiming to justify all sides of the argument. In this context it becomes more important for all in clinical practice to be able to dissect an article and analyze it in details.

scholarly journals How to read an ethics paper

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 810-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Jansen ◽  
Peter Ellerton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Critical Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Journal Clubs ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Work Done

In recent decades, evidence-based medicine has become one of the foundations of clinical practice, making it necessary that healthcare practitioners develop keen critical appraisal skills for scientific papers. Worksheets to guide clinicians through this critical appraisal are often used in journal clubs, a key part of continuing medical education. A similar need is arising for health professionals to develop skills in the critical appraisal of medical ethics papers. Medicine is increasingly ethically complex, and there is a growing medical ethics literature that modern practitioners need to be able to use in their practice. In addition, clinical ethics services are commonplace in healthcare institutions, and the lion’s share of the work done by these services is done by clinicians in addition to their usual roles. Education to support this work is important. In this paper, we present a worksheet designed to help busy healthcare practitioners critically appraise ethics papers relevant to clinical practice. In the first section, we explain what is different about ethics papers. We then describe how to work through the steps in our critical appraisal worksheet: identifying the point at issue; scrutinising definitions; dissecting the arguments presented; considering counterarguments; and finally deciding on relevance. Working through this reflective worksheet will help healthcare practitioners to use the ethics literature effectively in clinical practice. We also intend it to be a shared evaluative tool that can form the basis of professional discussion such as at ethics journal clubs. Practising these critical reasoning skills will also increase practitioners’ capacity to think through difficult ethical decisions in daily clinical practice.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stegenga
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Inductive Inference ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Master Argument ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Concepts Of Disease ◽  
Based Medicine

This chapter introduces the book, describes the key arguments of each chapter, and summarizes the master argument for medical nihilism. It offers a brief survey of prominent articulations of medical nihilism throughout history, and describes the contemporary evidence-based medicine movement, to set the stage for the skeptical arguments. The main arguments are based on an analysis of the concepts of disease and effectiveness, the malleability of methods in medical research, and widespread empirical findings which suggest that many medical interventions are barely effective. The chapter-level arguments are unified by our best formal theory of inductive inference in what is called the master argument for medical nihilism. The book closes by considering what medical nihilism entails for medical practice, research, and regulation.

scholarly journals The Diagnosis and Therapy of Degenerative Knee Joint Disease: Expert Consensus from the Chinese Pain Medicine Panel

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Yan-Qing Liu ◽  
Li-Shuang Liang ◽  
Xue-Wu Lin ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Pain Specialist ◽  
Chinese Association ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Based Medicine

At present, there are many constantly updated guidelines and consensuses on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis both at home and abroad. The recommendations established using methods of evidence-based medicine has experienced strict research on controlling bias and promoting reproduction rate. As a result, the previous evidence was reevaluated, and a lot of changes were provoked in the diagnosis and treatment concept of osteoarthritis. However, several methods not recommended by foreign guidelines are still in use in the current clinical practice in China. On the one hand, Chinese experts have not reached extensive consensus on whether it is necessary to make changes according to foreign guidelines. On the other hand, almost all the current relevant guidelines are on osteoarthritis, but the lesions around knee joints which, as a whole, bear the largest weight in human body, cannot be ignored. For this purpose, Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP) organized some leading experts to formulate this Chinese Pain Specialist Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative knee osteoarthritis (DKOA) in combination with the guidelines in foreign countries and the expert experience of clinical practice in China. The consensus, which includes the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, and treatments of DKOA, is intended to be used by first-line doctors, including pain physicians to manage patients with DKOA.

scholarly journals SAT0623-HPR THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1271.1-1272
Author(s):  
S. Derham ◽  
J. Lewis ◽  
E. Dures ◽  
F. Cramp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Background:Adults with fibromyalgia frequently report symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, often referred to as fibrofog. However primary research exploring cognitive dysfunction in the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is very limited (Kravitz and Katz, 2015).Objectives:The aim of this review was to (i) synthesise the qualitative literature on the lived experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia, (ii) develop common themes through thematic analysis and (iii) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research and clinical practice in this area.Methods:Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Amed, Scopus and OpenGrey), reference lists of key articles and two high impact qualitative journals were searched from 1990 to November 2018. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported primary qualitative data exploring the experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia. Included studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist and extracted data analysed using narrative synthesis. SD conducted critical appraisal and data extraction on all included studies. FC, JL and ED reviewed five papers each. All papers were reviewed by two co-authors. Of the 1413 records identified, 15 studies were selected for inclusion.Results:These studies included 208 women and 22 men with fibromyalgia, aged 18 to 72 years and representing seven different countries. Duration of diagnosis was four months to 34 years. Fourteen studies used interviews and one used focus groups. None of the included studies focussed exclusively on cognitive function in adults with fibromyalgia. Three studies identified themes specific to cognitive dysfunction and fibromyalgia symptoms. The remaining 12 studies presented relevant data intertwined with the overall lived experiences of fibromyalgia.Cognitive dysfunction, as a part of fibromyalgia, was often unpredictable. Problems with memory and concentration that were most commonly reported were emotionally distressing and affected functional and vocational activities. Participants found communication effortful, with a negative impact on work, leisure and social activities. Stress, fear and worry around perceived cognitive changes were commonly expressed. Lost employment or changed work roles and relationships, due to cognitive difficulties, had negative impacts for many participants. The terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog were used interchangeably within the studies, but lacked common definition. This introduced uncertainty around whether participants and authors were describing the same phenomenon.Conclusion:Adults with fibromyalgia experience unpredictable and emotionally impactful difficulties related to cognitive dysfunction. Functional impact was broad-reaching, particularly around work ability and lost employment opportunities. It is unclear how cognitive symptoms in fibromyalgia related to co-morbid symptoms such as pain, fatigue and poor sleep. Further research focusing on the full impact of cognitive function on the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is recommended to inform clinical practice. Research to establish clarity of definition of the terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog within fibromyalgia is highly recommended.References:[1]Kravitz H, Katz R. Fibrofog and fibromyalgia: a narrative review and implications for clinical practice. Rheumatology International. 2015;35(7):1115-25.Acknowledgments:This work is supported by the National Institute for Heath Research [ICA-PCAF-2018-01-078 to SD]Disclosure of Interests:Sandra Derham: None declared, Jenny Lewis: None declared, Emma Dures Grant/research support from: Independent Learning Grant from Pfizer, combined funding for a research fellow from Celgene, Abbvie and Novartis, Paid instructor for: A fee from Novartis to deliver training to nurses., Fiona Cramp: None declared

Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Shoulder Tissue Irritability Classification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M Kareha ◽  
Philip W McClure ◽  
Alicia Fernandez-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective Rating tissue irritability has been recommended to aid decision making in several recent clinical practice guidelines. An explicit method for rating tissue irritability was proposed as part of the Staged Algorithm for Rehabilitation Classification: Shoulder Disorders (STAR-Shoulder), but the reliability and validity of this classification are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and concurrent validity of shoulder tissue irritability ratings as part of a system designed to guide appropriate treatment strategy and intensity. Methods A clinical measurement, prospective repeated-measures cross-sectional design was used. The 101 consecutive participants with primary complaints of shoulder pain were assessed by pairs of blinded raters (24 raters in total) and rated for tissue irritability. Patients completed 3 patient-rated outcome (PRO) measures reflecting both pain and disability, and these scores were compared with ratings of tissue irritability. Paired ratings of irritability were analyzed for reliability with prevalence-adjusted, bias-adjusted Kappa for ordinal scales (PABAK-OS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare PRO measures across different levels of irritability. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to derive cut-off scores for 3 PRO instruments. Results Interrater reliability was 0.69 (95% CI = 0.59–0.78), with 67% agreement. All PRO measures were significantly different among 3 levels of tissue irritability. Conclusion There appear to be acceptable reliability and a strong relationship between PRO measures and therapist-rated tissue irritability, supporting the use of the STAR-Shoulder irritability rating system. Impact Several clinical practice guidelines have recommended that clinicians rate tissue irritability as part of their examination. This study provides important new information supporting the reliability and validity of the STAR-Shoulder tissue irritability rating system.

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