scholarly journals Analytical & Experimental Analysis of Lightning Stokes Performance & Protection by MOV Based Simulation Model: A 33 KV Transmission Line Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Arsal Mehmood ◽  
Huzaifa Hassan ◽  
Faraz Ahmed Baig ◽  
Suhail Ahmed Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Line System ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Fault Clearance

Researchers are working on techniques to mitigate failure rates as low as possible to avoid potential harm, sustain high power efficiency for this a considerable number of estimation studies were already performed and several designs of methodologies were being suggested. The transmission line performs the role of the arteries which maintain the process of transporting electricity in the transmission line. That is why it is important to maintain and manage the costs of these tracks.  Surge arrestor and shield wire application are often techniques chosen for defensive strategy in a very technique. By pushing travelling waves towards the electrical equipment mounted on the transmission line, the effects of lightning stoke on the transmission line may cause severe damage to the electrical equipment. In this review, this research study provides a review-based overview of the mechanism of occurrence of lightning along with its impact on the transmission line and the defence methods used to prevent such effects. A MATLAB / SIMULINK 2020a simulation modeling-based analysis for the incidence of lightning on the 33 kV transmission line system is observed in this regard, and a Metal-Oxide surge arrestor-based lightning fault clearance safety scheme is also suggested and discussed.

scholarly journals Transient Overvoltage Simulation in 500 kV Transmission Line Plan of Sarawak, Malaysia using PSCAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2481-2490
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Three Phase

Transmission system is a crucial system in electrical power since the system transmit the electricity from power generation to consumer load. According to World Bank, the power losses from transmission lines are rapidly increasing from year to year at the rate of 3.85% in the year of 2013 to 5.792% in 2014. Losses in transmission system are most likely from power quality problems such as transients. Transients are the outcome of high unexpected increment in voltage or current surge magnitudes. The peak values of both voltages and current are usually more than twice of that normal voltage and current amplitudes. The surges due to transients can vitally cause power system failure and breakdown of electrical equipment especially at the substations. There were few known transient overcurrent and overvoltage problems, which are due to faults, lightning and line energizing, respectively. This research work mainly focuses on simulating transients for 500 kV transmission system which employ Sarawak as the case study location. Sarawak currently has main 275 kV transmission line covering the whole Sarawak from Miri to Kuching known as Sarawak backbone, but due to lots of industries and rapid development and urbanization boom in Sarawak, there is a planned of 500 kV transmission line as a backup if the 275 kV transmission line proves inadequate. In Sarawak, the 500 kV is planned to be energized at 275 kV. But, in fact this work is for that transmission line to be operated at 500 kV, hence, monitoring the highest transient may occur. The results revealed that lightning and three-phase faults of 1.0 s fault time duration cause the highest change in amplitude of current on the line up to 9.06 pu and 9.27 pu, respectively. The highest lightning amplitude is observed when lightning was simulated at the receiving end of the line which is near to the Tada substation.

scholarly journals Circularity for Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE), the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9924
Author(s):  
Terje Andersen ◽  
Bjørn Jæger
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Product Responsibility

In the transition to a circular focus on electric and electronic products, manufacturers play a key role as the originators of both the products and the information about the products. While the waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive’s contemporary focus is on handling the product as waste after its end of life, the circular economy focuses on retaining the product’s value with a restorative system. The polluter-pays principle requires producers of pollution to bear the costs of handling the pollution, leading to the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle. This requires manufacturers to change their focus from their current passive role of out-sourcing end-of-life treatment to taking explicit responsibility for product management over an extended period of time. This paper investigates how a manufacturer can assume its responsibility to achieve circularity for its products. Based on our findings, three fundamental circularity principles, the circular electric and electronic equipment (CEEE) principles, for manufactures of electronic and electrical equipment are defined: (1) Serialize product identifiers, (2) data controlled by their authoritative source at the edge, and (3) independent actors’ access to edge data via a distributer ledger are the foundation of the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) model. We demonstrate the model through a case study of how to achieve circularity for lighting equipment. The CEEE principles and the demonstrated model contribute to building new circularity systems for electronic and electric products that let manufacturers undertake their extended product responsibility.

The role of multiplicity in a cult: A case study

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Worrall ◽  
Ann W. Stockman

Endangered Butterflies and their Non-Native Host Plants: Examining Shifting Values of Belonging in Restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert M. Anderson ◽  
Amy M. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Native Host

The island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus), thought to be extinct throughout the 20th century until re-discovered on a single remote island in Puget Sound in 1998, has become the focus of a concerted protection effort to prevent its extinction. However, efforts to “restore” island marble habitat conflict with efforts to “restore” the prairie ecosystem where it lives, because of the butterfly’s use of a non-native “weedy” host plant. Through a case study of the island marble project, we examine the practice of ecological restoration as the enactment of particular norms that define which species are understood to belong in the place being restored. We contextualize this case study within ongoing debates over the value of “native” species, indicative of deep-seated uncertainties and anxieties about the role of human intervention to alter or manage landscapes and ecosystems, in the time commonly described as the “Anthropocene.” We interpret the question of “what plants and animals belong in a particular place?” as not a question of scientific truth, but a value-laden construct of environmental management in practice, and we argue for deeper reflexivity on the part of environmental scientists and managers about the social values that inform ecological restoration.

Drama in Education Reaching Beyond the “Art Form or Teaching Tool” Dichotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Irina Lešnik
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Drama In Education ◽  
History Curriculum ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Theatre Pedagogy ◽  
Emotional Level

Abstract In the following article we try to re-evaluate, the place drama occupies in contemporary elementary education. By limiting the role of drama to literature studies and theatre productions, we lose a greater potential Theatre Pedagogy has to offer to a much broader educational spectrum. The participatory practices of Theatre and Drama in Education (TiE, DiE) promote active learning, based on a most organic children’s activity - play. While students co-create the fictional world of drama, teacher's guidance is crucial in setting new challenges, encouraging students to find creative solutions and reflect on often-complex social issues. Because of its art component, drama challenges the participants on a cognitive as well as emotional level, becoming a truly transformational experience. As such, Drama in Education is especially useful when approaching sensitive and controversial topics. This thesis is presented on a case study observing Year 6 students at St’ Michael’s CE Academy in Birmingham, UK, using Drama in Education method as part of History curriculum.

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