scholarly journals "Authentically" Effeminate? Bialystok's Theorization of Authenticity, Gay Male Femmephobia, and Personal Identity

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-123
Author(s):  
Adam W.J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Gender Based

Authenticity is a commonly heralded ideal in Western modernist discourses, with a large amount of literature describing individuals’ personal journeys towards self-fulfillment (Bialystok, 2009, 2013, 2015, 2017; Taylor, 1991; Varga, 2014). This paper examines Lauren Bialystok’s (2013) conception of authenticity in sex/gender identity and proposes that effeminate or ‘femme’ gay men make a strong case for fitting within such a conception of authenticity. Effeminate gay men experience significant in-group discrimination within gay men’s communities, with many gay men “defeminizing” (Taywaditep, 2002) themselves upon entering adulthood and mainstream gay communities. Through this exploration of Bialystok’s (2013) model for authenticity in sex/gender identity and the identity-based challenges effeminate or femme gay men experience, this paper describes why effeminate gay men fit Bialystok’s model, and the ethical dilemmas of theorizing authenticity in personal identity (Bialystok, 2009, 2011). Providing supportive and positive early environments in school while specifically addressing gender-based discrimination in childhood provides more opportunities for positive identity development and the potential of fulfilling self-authenticity within gender identity for femme gay men.

scholarly journals Negotiating two worlds:

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Hanne Dewinter ◽  
Hanne Dehertog ◽  
Lucia De Haene
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Gender Based

This article explores the lived experiences of Muslim youth in Belgium regarding their gender identity. Based on a qualitative study with focus groups among Moroccan Belgian youths, we examine the usefulness of studying gender identity as a dynamic construct. Gender identity is not only shaped within and through different contexts, the state of Moroccan Belgian youths negotiating between two worlds also highly complicates this construction. Gender acts as a mobilising force to legitimate borders and to differentiate from another ethnic or religious group that does not share the same practices or perceptions. Finally, processes of stereotyping, which are mainly gender-based, evoke a diversity of reactions among these youths. The aim of this article is to contribute to an understanding of the construction of gender identity as a continuous process that acquires meaning in relation to minority/majority relations in society. Directions for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Sexist hate speech: Topical organization of intolerant discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1(14)/2020) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vasilenko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Online Discourse ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Discourse Topic

The article is aimed at determining the topical structure of sexist hate speech as a form of intolerant discourse. Sexist hate speech is viewed as a type of gender-based hate speech that is influenced by the same social, political and legal, cultural and ethical factors as sexual orientation-based or gender identity-based hate speech. The article proposes a topical structure of hate speech in general and provides examples of sexist hate speech topics and subtopics in Belarusian online discourse. Keywords: hate speech, sexist hate speech, gender-based hate speech, discourse of hate, intolerant discourse, online discourse, topic.

Court-Involved Girls’ Perceptions of the Attainability of a Desired Possible Self and Its Connection to Past Adversity and Current Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marva V. Goodson ◽  
Merry Morash
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Possible Selves ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Court Involved ◽  
Current Behavior

Identity-based motivation theory identifies individuals’ perceptions of attainable possible selves as the future-oriented component of self-concept that is a necessary first step in an adolescent’s goal setting and motivation for action. This qualitative study analyzed data from interviews with 27 court-involved girls. Girls with histories of sexual assault and emotional abuse were less likely than others to have attainable possible selves. Girls with unattainable possible selves more often broke the law as adults and dropped out of school. Discussion of findings focuses on implications for future research and on potential intervention strategies to promote girls’ positive identity development.

Counseling Students Who Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-86
Author(s):  
Emily S. Fisher ◽  
Kelly S. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Counseling Students ◽  
Academic Problems ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Affirmative Counseling ◽  
Counseling Approach

This chapter presents information for counselors who work with students who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (LGBTQ). These students experience increased discrimination, victimization, and bullying in schools, which can lead to mental health and academic problems. The chapter provides definitions for basic terminology related to sexual and gender identity, summarizes research on the development of sexual and gender identity, and briefly addresses changing personal attitudes and public policies that affect LGBTQ individuals. It stress that counselors who work with LGBTQ students need to be thoughtful about ethical considerations, such as maintaining confidentiality, and employ an affirmative counseling approach that supports positive identity development and decreases suicide risk. Specific counseling strategies discussed include LGBTQ-affirmative counseling and LGBTQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Qualitative Exploration of Sexual Identity Development of Korean Gay Men

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Seok Seo ◽  
Mina Cho ◽  
Juno Park ◽  
Min-Sun Kim ◽  
Dongil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Identity Development ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

‘On some precipice in a dream’: Representations of Guilt in Contemporary Young Adult Gay and Lesbian Fiction

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Kate Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Survivor Guilt ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Depressive Episodes

This article explores the representation of guilt in six recent young adult novels, in which it is suggested that teen protagonists still experience guilt in relation to their emerging non-normative sexual identities. The experience of guilt may take several different forms, but all dealt with here are characterised by guilt without agency – that is, the protagonist has not deliberately said or done anything to cause harm to another. In a first pair of novels, guilt is depicted as a consequence of internalised homophobia, with which protagonists must at least partly identify. In a second group, protagonists seem to experience a form of separation guilt from an early age because they fail to conform to the norms of the family. Certain events external to the teen protagonist, and for which they cannot be held responsible, then trigger serious depressive episodes, which jeopardise the protagonist's positive identity development. Finally, characters are depicted as experiencing a form of survivor guilt. A gay protagonist survives the events of 9/11 but endures a breakdown, and, in a second novel, a lesbian protagonist narrates her coming to terms with the death of her best friend.

Out in Time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry N. Halkitis
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Sexual Identity Development ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
American Society

The life experiences and sexual identity development of three generations of gay men, the Stonewall, AIDS, and Queer generations, are explored. While there are generational differences in the lived experiences of young gay men shaped by the sociopolitical contexts of the historical epoch in which they emerged into adulthood, and a crisis that has come to define each generation, there also are consistencies across generations and across time in the psychological process of coming out that defines identity formation of gay men, as these individuals transition from a period of sexual identity awareness to sexual identity integration. The life experiences are also shaped by conceptions of hypermasculinity, racism and discrimination, substance use, and adventurous sexuality. Despite the many challenges that have defined the lives of gay men across time and that are informed by the homophobia of American society, the vast majority of the population also has demonstrated resilience and fortitude in achieving both pride and dignity. These ideas are explored through the life narratives of fifteen diverse gay men, across the three generations.

“Femininity without Feminism”

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Hyun Mun
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Feminist Politics ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The One ◽  
Status Of Women

This article contributes to the debate between the merits of the ‘politics of presence’ versus the ‘politics of ideas’ by examining the case of the first female Korean president, Park Geun-Hye. On the one hand, Park did not represent ‘the ideas’ of feminist politics. While her gender identity was widely propagated and accepted, it did not transform into deliberate identity-based politics. On the other hand, she contributed to the elevation of women’s social status through various unintended consequences, although Park’s ‘femininity without feminism’ inevitably led to the negligence of gender politics in her government. Indeed, Park’s existence, rather than her intention, stimulated the debate on the role and status of women in Korean society and enabled the rise of a number of first females in various sectors. In sum, the ‘politics of presence’ was triggered even without overt political measures.

The voice of others: Identity, alterity and gender normativity among gay men in Israel

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Levon
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Male Sexuality ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of a slang variety, called oxtšit, as it is described and used by a cohort of gay men in Israel. Unlike many previous analyses of gay slang, I argue that the men described do not use the variety to help construct and affirm an alternative gay identity, but rather that they use it as a form of in-group mockery through which normative and nonnormative articulations of Israeli gay male sexuality are delineated. It is suggested that this discussion has implications for sociolinguistic understandings of “groupness” more broadly, and particularly the relationship between macro-level social categories (like “gay”) and individual lived experience. (Gay slang, Israel, vari-directional voicing, identity/alterity)*

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