scholarly journals Evaluation and Improvement of Roundabouts in CBD Area at Al-Hilla City

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Abdul Kareem Naji Abbood ◽  
Aboothar Abdul Hussein Hamzah Al-Tufail
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Traffic Volumes

In the present-day, congestion considers one of the biggest problems experienced by urban areas. This congestion led to form the conflicting movements at intersections, merging, roundabouts, etc. The objective of this study is to investigate the traffic congestion problem at the two selected roundabouts at CBD area in Hilla city. Roundabouts consider safer than the conventional intersections, but it has less capacity than corresponding intersections. In Iraq, several roundabouts were built in the last decade to improve the traffic performance. However, most of these roundabouts are unable to accommodate the rapid growth in traffic volumes and suffer from a serious issue in congestion. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate these roundabouts. The VISSIM simulation software has been used to perform the evaluation analysis for these selected roundabouts. Then, field data have been collected by using two video cameras that installed by using a fabricated equipment. The process of collecting data has lasted for 8 hours at each roundabout. And then, this field data has been used to calibrate the simulation model (VISSIM). After making the required calibration and validation for the simulation model, the developed model was depended to perform the evaluation and find the suitable solution to solve the traffic congestion at these roundabouts.

Research on the Improvement of Traffic Congestion near School Area Based on Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2101-2104
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jin Xin Cao ◽  
Yun Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Traffic Models

This paper uses the simulation software VISSIM to build temporary parking traffic models in front of the Affiliated Primary School of the Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. Selecting speed, acceleration and queued data calibrate the simulation model. The results prove that the simulation model is effective. After that two organizations plan are proposed to ease congestion.

scholarly journals MODELLING URBAN GROWTH FROM MEDIUM RESOLUTION LANDSAT IMAGERIES OF AKURE, NIGERIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Michael Ajide Oyinloye ◽  
Julius Olubumi Fasakin
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
The City

The city of Akure has experienced rapid growth in the past 2 to 3 decades which has led to the expansion of the core urban areas of the city into adjoining rural lands. The paper analyses the urban growth of Akure using medium resolution Landsat imageries. Landsat (MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapping(TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images for 1972, 1986 and 2002 respectively were used in a post-classification comparison analysis to map the spatial dynamic of land cover changes and identify the urbanization process in Akure. The land cover statistical results revealed a rapid growth in the built-up area of Akure from 997.2 hectares in 1972 to about 3852.70 hectares in 2002 due to increase in population of Akure within this period. Results of the prediction showed that the built-up area of the city has increased in size from 977.2 hectares in 1972 to 5863.66 hectares in 2022 corresponding to 500% at the rate of 13.1% per annum. Implications of growth include loss of open space, pressure on limited infrastructure, overcrowding, traffic congestion and poor standard of living. The study recommends regular monitoring of urban area, development of small towns around the city area to avoid overcrowding, training of planners and administrators to acquire more knowledge in the use of GIS and remote sensing to enhance efficiency.

scholarly journals Analysis of traffic density onthree-way junction in Jalan Sukabangun 2 using Vissim simulations model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Erny Agusri ◽  
Muhammad Arfan ◽  
Muhammad Arfan
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Vehicle Delay

VISSIM is a Simulations model which means a city traffic simulation model. VISSIM is a simulation software used by professionals to create simulations from dynamic traffic scenarios before making real plans. This research was conducted to determine how traffic performance and traffic performance optimization at the junctions between the existing conditions and the Vissim program caused by congestion. An effective method for overcoming non-jammed junctions can be made using the VISSIM method. This study was conducted at THREE-WAY JUNCTION in Jl. Sukabangun 2 (South) - Jl. R.A Abusamah (West) - Jl. Sukabangun 2 (Utara) - Jl. BeringinSukabangun 2 (East). In this study, three variations were used, namely the traffic light method, the method of forbidden turning right, and the method of dividing the road and turning signs. The results of PTV Vissim simulation showed that the traffic light method has a quite high queue length, namely 79m compared to the existing condition of 63m, for the vehicle delay in this method is 98.954s. On the method of forbidden turning right from the direction of Jl. BeringinSukabangun 2 (East) has a low queue length of 0.287m compared to the existing condition of 63m. The vehicle delay in this method is 13.307s. The method of dividing the road and turning signs, the queue length is quite low at 1.147m compared to the existing condition of 63m. The vehicle delay in this method is 30,169s. The results of the simulation revealed that the most effective method at THREE-WAY JUNCTION in jalanSukabangun 2 is method of forbidden turning right, dividing the roads and turning signs.  

scholarly journals Spatial-geographical analysis of urbanization in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali asghar Pilehvar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Growth Trend

AbstractThe development of urbanization and urbanism in Iran has created a wide socioeconomic gap in urban areas. Rapid population growth along with the lack of socioeconomic growth programs and urban development strategies have deteriorated unemployment, inflation, housing price, traffic congestion, and marginalization in cities, particularly in metropolises of Iran. This paper, using a descriptive-analytic research method and a meta-analysis technique, addresses the urbanization and urbanism changes in Iran. Using GIS technique and CV formula, the spatial distribution of urbanization and its rapid growth in Iran are depicted. The research data was derived from a systematic review of documents and techniques over 40 years. The results of the study demonstrated that Iranian cities have undergone an unsustainable growth trend and urbanization has overtaken urbanism. Over the past 4 decades, cities have been struggling with rapid growth and development. In this regard, development-oriented governments can play a significant role in tackling growth and urbanization problems. These problems are especially evident in the socio-economic, urban planning and urban ecology. The rapid growth of urbanization (74% in 2016) has resulted in the emergence of metropolitan areas in an unstable process. Also, in metropolitan areas of Iran, environmental and ecological threats, rural–urban migration and marginalization have posed serious national–regional and local challenges. The structural–functional reforms in Iran, along with skeletal–spatial and socio-economic changes in cities, have given rise to a new social class (low-income people), which is characterized with non-formal businesses and informal settlements in the outskirts of cities, especially metropolitan areas. This has prompted unsustainability in main indicators of urban development such as security, building density, environmental threats, and centralization, among other things. This analysis is based on indicators such as density and centralization, informal settlement, and urban security.

Development and Evaluation of a Procedure for the Calibration of Simulation Models

2005 ◽  
Vol 1934 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungkyu (Brian) Park ◽  
Hongtu (Maggie) Qi
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Microscopic Traffic Simulation ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Simulation Results

Microscopic traffic simulation models have been playing an important role in the evaluation of transportation engineering and planning practices for the past few decades, particularly in cases in which field implementation is difficult or expensive to conduct. To achieve high fidelity and credibility for a traffic simulation model, model calibration and validation are of utmost importance. Most calibration efforts reported in the literature have focused on the informal practice, and they have seldom proposed a systematic procedure or guideline for the calibration and validation of simulation models. This paper proposes a procedure for microscopic simulation model calibration. The validity of the proposed procedure was demonstrated by use of a case study of an actuated signalized intersection by using a widely used microscopic traffic simulation model, Verkehr in Staedten Simulation (VISSIM). The simulation results were compared with multiple days of field data to determine the performance of the calibrated model. It was found that the calibrated parameters obtained by the proposed procedure generated performance measures that were representative of the field conditions, while the simulation results obtained with the default and best-guess parameters were significantly different from the field data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Traffic Performance of Ahmed Urabi Square in Baghdad City

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa Thamir Al –Azawee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Control Delay ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Major Direction ◽  
Average Control

At present, smooth movement on the roads is a matter which is needed for each user. Many roads, especially in urban areas geometrically improved because of the number of vehicles increase from time to time. In this research, Highway capacity software, HCS, 2000, will be adopted to determine the effectiveness of roundabout in terms of capacity of roundabout, delay and level of service of roundabout. The results of the analysis indicated that the Ahmed Urabi roundabout operates under level of service F with an average control delay of 300 seconds per vehicle during the peak hours. The through movements of Alkarrada- Aljadiriya direction (Major Direction) represent the heaviest traffic volumes in Ahmed Urabi intersection. The use of underpass to serve the through movements in Alkarrada-Aljadiriya direction will lead to release the traffic volume in the Ahmed Urabi intersection with a rate 51 % .After the adoption of the proposed geometric design, it will operate at LOS B in the design year (2037). The proposed circulatory roadway width for the roundabout is 16m and the required number of lanes equal to three lanes for each side of the underpass and four lanes for all the approaches of the roundabout.  

Smart Driving System for Improving Traffic Flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
L. N. Padhy ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Padhi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driving System ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

Traffic congestion on road networks is one of the most significant problems that is faced in almost all urban areas. Driving under traffic congestion compels frequent idling, acceleration, and braking, which increase energy consumption and wear and tear on vehicles. By efficiently maneuvering vehicles, traffic flow can be improved. An Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system in a car automatically detects its leading vehicle and adjusts the headway by using both the throttle and the brake. Conventional ACC systems are not suitable in congested traffic conditions due to their response delay.  For this purpose, development of smart technologies that contribute to improved traffic flow, throughput and safety is needed. In today’s traffic, to achieve the safe inter-vehicle distance, improve safety, avoid congestion and the limited human perception of traffic conditions and human reaction characteristics constrains should be analyzed. In addition, erroneous human driving conditions may generate shockwaves in addition which causes traffic flow instabilities. In this paper to achieve inter-vehicle distance and improved throughput, we consider Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system. CACC is then implemented in Smart Driving System. For better Performance, wireless communication is used to exchange Information of individual vehicle. By introducing vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication and vehicle to roadside infrastructure (V2R) communications, the vehicle gets information not only from its previous and following vehicle but also from the vehicles in front of the previous Vehicle and following vehicle. This enables a vehicle to follow its predecessor at a closer distance under tighter control.

scholarly journals Calibration and Validation of ArcGIS Solar Radiation Tool for Photovoltaic Potential Determination in the Netherlands

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
Bala Bhavya Kausika ◽  
Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Solar Radiation Model

Geographic information system (GIS) based tools have become popular for solar photovoltaic (PV) potential estimations, especially in urban areas. There are readily available tools for the mapping and estimation of solar irradiation that give results with the click of a button. Although these tools capture the complexities of the urban environment, they often miss the more important atmospheric parameters that determine the irradiation and potential estimations. Therefore, validation of these models is necessary for accurate potential energy yield and capacity estimations. This paper demonstrates the calibration and validation of the solar radiation model developed by Fu and Rich, employed within ArcGIS, with a focus on the input atmospheric parameters, diffusivity and transmissivity for the Netherlands. In addition, factors affecting the model’s performance with respect to the resolution of the input data were studied. Data were calibrated using ground measurements from Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) stations in the Netherlands and validated with the station data from Cabauw. The results show that the default model values of diffusivity and transmissivity lead to substantial underestimation or overestimation of solar insolation. In addition, this paper also shows that calibration can be performed at different time scales depending on the purpose and spatial resolution of the input data.

scholarly journals Constrained Urban Airspace Design for Large-Scale Drone-Based Delivery Traffic

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Malik Doole ◽  
Joost Ellerbroek ◽  
Victor L. Knoop ◽  
Jacco M. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fast Time ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Demand Patterns

Large-scale adoption of drone-based delivery in urban areas promise societal benefits with respect to emissions and on-ground traffic congestion, as well as potential cost savings for drone-based logistic companies. However, for this to materialise, the ability of accommodating high volumes of drone traffic in an urban airspace is one of the biggest challenges. For unconstrained airspace, it has been shown that traffic alignment and segmentation can be used to mitigate conflict probability. The current study investigates the application of these principles to a highly constrained airspace. We propose two urban airspace concepts, applying road-based analogies of two-way and one-way streets by imposing horizontal structure. Both of the airspace concepts employ heading-altitude rules to vertically segment cruising traffic according to their travel direction. These airspace configurations also feature transition altitudes to accommodate turning flights that need to decrease the flight speed in order to make safe turns at intersections. While using fast-time simulation experiments, the performance of these airspace concepts is compared and evaluated for multiple traffic demand densities in terms of safety, stability, and efficiency. The results reveal that an effective way to structure drone traffic in a constrained urban area is to have vertically segmented altitude layers with respect to travel direction as well as horizontal constraints imposed to the flow of traffic. The study also makes recommendations for areas of future research, which are aimed at supporting dynamic traffic demand patterns.

scholarly journals META-HEURISTIC APPROACH FOR HIGH-DEMAND FACILITY LOCATIONS CONSIDERING TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taesung HWANG ◽  
Minho LEE ◽  
Chungwon LEE ◽  
Seungmo KANG
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Facility Location ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Memetic Algorithms ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Facility Locations

Large facilities in urban areas, such as storage facilities, distribution centers, schools, department stores, or public service centers, typically generate high volumes of accessing traffic, causing congestion and becoming major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. In conventional facility-location models, only facility construction costs and fixed transportation costs connecting customers and facilities are included, without consideration of traffic congestion and the subsequent GHG emission costs. This study proposes methods to find high-demand facility locations with incorporation of the traffic congestion and GHG emission costs incurred by both existing roadway traffic and facility users into the total cost. Tabu search and memetic algorithms were developed and tested with a conventional genetic algorithm in a variety of networks to solve the proposed mathematical model. A case study to determine the total number and locations of community service centers under multiple scenarios in Incheon City is then presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can significantly reduce both the transportation and GHG emission costs compared to the conventional facility-location model. This effort will be useful for decision makers and transportation planners in the analysis of network-wise impacts of traffic congestion and vehicle emission when deciding the locations of high demand facilities in urban areas.

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