scholarly journals SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF LIGHT ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF SURFACE WATER

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisman Nababan ◽  
Denny A. Wiguna ◽  
Risti E. Arhatin
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Loop Current ◽  
Surface Absorption ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coefficient Measurement ◽  
Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Offshore Region

Absorption coefficient measurement can be used in estimating water quality, optical characteristic of water column, and marine bio-optical models. The purposes of this research were to determine values and variability of sea surface absorption coefficient in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) based on various seasons. The data were collected in spring, summer, and fall seasons in 1999-2000 with AC-9 instrument. The spatial distribution of absorption coefficient showed that relatively high values were generally found along the run off Missisippi, Mobile, Chochawati, Escambia, Apalachicola, and Suwannee rivers, as well as Tampa Bay. Meanwhile, relatively low values were found in offshore region. This pattern followed the distribution pattern of chlorophyll and CDOM. Based on the local region comparison of spectral average value of absorption coefficient, we found a significant difference (α = 95%) among regions with the highest value in the run off of the Mississippi and Mobile rivers, and the lowest value in the offshore region. Comparison of spectral average value of absorption coefficient among seasons at the three primary wavelengths (blue=440 nm, green=510 nm, and red=676 nm) also showed a significant difference (α = 95%) with the highest value during the summer 1999 (Su-99) and the lowest value during the spring of 2000 (Sp-00). Absorption coefficient values were influenced by oceanographic factors that varied in every season such as wind, surface currents, upwelling, the location and speed of the Loop Current, and the river discharge of fresh water into the NEGOM.Keywords: absorption coefficient, seasons, chlorophyll, CDOM, northeastern Gulf of Mexico

scholarly journals SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF LIGHT ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF SURFACE WATER

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisman Nababan ◽  
Denny A. Wiguna ◽  
Risti E. Arhatin
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Loop Current ◽  
Surface Absorption ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Light Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Offshore Region

<p><em>Absorption coefficient </em><em>measurement can </em><em>be </em><em>use</em><em>d</em><em> in</em><em> </em><em>estimat</em><em>ing</em><em> water quality, </em><em>op</em><em>t</em><em>ical </em><em>characteristic of water column, and </em><em>marine </em><em>bio-optical models. The purposes of this research were to determine values and variability of sea surface absorption coefficient in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) based on various seasons. The data were collected </em><em>in</em><em> spring, summer, and fall seasons in 1999-2000 with AC-9 instrument. The spatial distribution of absorption coefficient showed that relatively high values </em><em>were </em><em>generally found along the run off Missisippi, Mobile, Chochawati, Escambia, Apalachicola, and Suwannee rivers, as well as Tampa Bay. Meanwhile, relatively low values were found in offshore region. </em><em>This pattern followed the</em><em> distribution pattern of chlorophyll and CDOM. Based on the local region comparison of spectral average value of absorption coefficient, we found a significant difference (α = 95%) among regions with the highest value in the run off of the Mississippi and Mobile rivers, and the lowest value in the offshore region. Comparison of spectral average value of absorption coefficient among seasons at the three primary wavelengths (blue=440 nm, green=510 nm, and red=676 nm) also showed a significant difference (α = 95%) with the highest value during the summer 1999 (Su-99) and the lowest value during the spring of 2000 (Sp-00). Absorption coefficient values were influenced by oceanographic factors that varied in every season such as wind, surface currents, upwelling, the location and speed of the Loop Current, and the river discharge of fresh water into the NEGOM.</em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> absorption coefficient, seasons, chlorophyll, CDOM, northeastern Gulf of Mexico</em>

scholarly journals CHLOROPHYLL SPECIFIC ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS AND THE IMPACT OF PHYTOPLANKTON TAXONOMIC GROUP OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisman Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Specific Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
The Impact

<p>The chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient at 440 nm (a*<br />ph(440)) of surface water in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico varied by a factor of 7 (0.02-0.15 m2 mg-1) with the of chlorophyll-a concentration of 0.06-12.25 mg m-3. In general, lower values of a*ph(440) (&lt;0.06 m2 mg-1) were observed in the inshore particularly in the major river mouths. During summer, lower values of a*ph(440) were also observed offshore associated with low-salinity waters of the Mississippi River plume. Higher values of a*ph(440) (&gt;0.1 m2 mg-1) were otherwise observed outside the river plumes in the outer<br />shelf and slope, where lower chlorophyll-a concentration occurred. Based on phytoplankton taxonomic groups, the average value of a*ph(440), of microphytoplankton group was significantly lower than that of nanophytoplankton and picophytoplantkon groups, suggesting that an increase in cell optical size (pigment packaging) resulted in decreasing a*<br />ph(440) values. The relationship between a*ph(440) and chlorophyll-a concentration was also not linear, indicating pigment composition played an important role in determining a*ph(440) variability.</p><p>Keywords: chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient, microphytoplankton, nanophytoplankton,<br />picophytoplankton, Gulf of Mexico, pigment, packaging effect</p>

scholarly journals CHLOROPHYLL SPECIFIC ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS AND THE IMPACT OF PHYTOPLANKTON TAXONOMIC GROUP OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisman Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Specific Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
The Impact

The chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient at 440 nm (a*ph(440)) of surface water in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico varied by a factor of 7 (0.02-0.15 m2 mg-1) with the of chlorophyll-a concentration of 0.06-12.25 mg m-3. In general, lower values of a*ph(440) (<0.06 m2 mg-1) were observed in the inshore particularly in the major river mouths. During summer, lower values of a*ph(440) were also observed offshore associated with low-salinity waters of the Mississippi River plume. Higher values of a*ph(440) (>0.1 m2 mg-1) were otherwise observed outside the river plumes in the outershelf and slope, where lower chlorophyll-a concentration occurred. Based on phytoplankton taxonomic groups, the average value of a*ph(440), of microphytoplankton group was significantly lower than that of nanophytoplankton and picophytoplantkon groups, suggesting that an increase in cell optical size (pigment packaging) resulted in decreasing a*ph(440) values. The relationship between a*ph(440) and chlorophyll-a concentration was also not linear, indicating pigment composition played an important role in determining a*ph(440) variability.Keywords: chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient, microphytoplankton, nanophytoplankton,picophytoplankton, Gulf of Mexico, pigment, packaging effect

Nonlocal impacts of the Loop Current on cross-slope near-bottom flow in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 2926-2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Tam Nguyen ◽  
Steven L. Morey ◽  
Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy ◽  
Eric P. Chassignet
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Loop Current ◽  
Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico

Subinertial Slope-Trapped Waves in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Hallock ◽  
W. J. Teague ◽  
E. Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Kelvin Waves ◽  
Loop Current ◽  
Mobile Bay ◽  
The West ◽  
Direct Forcing ◽  
Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers

Abstract Current velocity from moored arrays of acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed on the outer shelf and slope, south of Mobile Bay in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, shows evidence of alongslope, generally westward-propagating subinertial baroclinic Kelvin waves with periods of about 16 and 21 days, amplitudes of 5–10 cm s−1, and wavelengths of about 500 km. The observed waves were highly coherent over the slope between about 200 and 500 m and accounted for a significant amount of the current variability below 200 m. The source of the waves could be attributed to effects of the Loop Current on the west Florida slope but is more likely due to direct forcing by Loop Current–generated eddies impacting the experimental area.

Distributional Differences and Population Similarities for Two Deep-Sea Crabs (Family Geryonidae) in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2112-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Lockhart ◽  
W. J. Lindberg ◽  
N. J. Blake ◽  
R. B. Erdman ◽  
H. M. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Florida Current ◽  
Loop Current ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Current Circulation ◽  
Depth Zonation

For golden crab, Chaceon fenneri, and red crab, Chaceon quinquedens, numbers per trap, sex, and crab size were tested for broad bathymetric, geographic, and seasonal patterns on the upper continental slope, northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Red crab occupied only the deepest of three sampled depths (i.e. 677 m vs. 494 and 311 m) while golden crab predominated at the upper two. Golden crab occurred adjacent to peninsular Florida, but not along the northern Gulf slope, while red crab occurred across the geographic arc sampled. Relative abundance increased southward for golden crab and northwestward for red crab, while the proportion of females increased counter-clockwise within the sampled range of each species. Golden crab exhibited a Chaceon-typical bathymetric pattern of partial sex segregation and size inversely related to depth, but male and female bathymetric patterns shifted seasonally with lags between geographic areas. Interspecific competition cannot explain the species depth zonation, while geographic and seasonal patterns may relate to Loop Current–Florida Current circulation.

Pengaruh Jumlah Pencucian Beras dengan Kadar Klorin

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Indah Purwaningsih ◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Iodometric Titration ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: Chlorine is a green halogen-shaped halogen gas at normal temperature and serves as bleach, stain remover and disinfectant. Chlorine is now widely used for bleaching rice so that less quality rice looks like quality rice. Chlorine is very toxic and causes mucous membrane irritation, highly reactive and very powerful oxidizer. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference of chlorine level in chlorinated rice washed once, twice and 3 times. The sample in this study amounted to 11 samples calculated by replication formula. Each sample was treated 3 times, ie 1 washed once, 2 washed twice and washed 3 times. The samples then examined by iodometric titration method. Based on the results of the study using ANOVA test, 11 samples obtained the average value of chlorine after washed once amount of 0.0176%, after washed twice amount of 0.0111%, and after washed 3 times amount of 0.0052% with the value significance p = 0.03 (p <0.05) at 95% confidence level which means there was a significant difference between chlorine levels in chlorinated rice washed once, twice and 3 times.Abstrak: Klorin merupakan unsur halogen berbentuk gas berwarna kuning kehijauan pada suhu normal danberfungsi sebagai pemutih, penghilang noda maupun desinfektan. Klorin sekarang banyak digunakan untuk bahan pemutih beras agar beras yang kurang berkualitas tampak seperti beras berkualitas. Klorin sangat toksik dan menyebabkan iritasi membran mukosa, sangat reaktif dan merupakan oksidator yang sangat kuat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar klorin pada beras berklorin yang dicuci sebanyak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 11 sampel yang dihitung dengan rumus replikasi. Setiap sampel diberi perlakuan sebanyak 3 kali, yaitu 1 kali pencucian, 2 kali pencucian dan 3 kali pencucian. Sampel penelitian kemudian diperiksa dengan metode titrasi iodometri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Anova secara komputerisasi terhadap 11 sampel diperoleh nilai rata-rata kadar klorin setelah 1 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0176 %, setelah 2 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0111 %, dan setelah 3 kali pencucian sebesar 0,0052 % dengan nilai signifkansi p = 0,03 (p<0,05) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% yang artinya ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar klorin pada beras berklorin yang dicuci sebanyak 1 kali, 2 kali dan 3 kali.

EFEKTIVITAS STRATEGI CLOZE STORY MAPPING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PADA SISWA KELAS V DI SD 2 PADOKAN KASIHAN BANTUL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuri Danuri ◽  
Dwendha Lahitani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Story Mapping ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Class Average

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of CSM strategies on comprehension reading skills in classes V Padokan 2 Elementary School. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. In this study the subjects of the study were VA class students as the control class and V C as the experimental class with 28 VA and VC class students. Quantitative data analysis technique used is the calculation of independent sample t-test. Based on data analysis and discussion, researchers can conclude that CSM strategies are more effective than conventional methods of reading comprehension learning. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class as evidenced by the results of the independent sample t-test obtained by the value of Asymp. Sig (2-Tailed) 0.014 <0.05. CSM strategy is an effective learning strategy seen from the average value of the experimental class posstest which is 81.61 higher than the control class average value of 72.96.

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