Effect of Coscinium Fenestratum stem extracts on hypertension in animal model

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Hang Meng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku ◽  
Patrick Nwabueze Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Frog Heart ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Force Of Contraction ◽  
Biochemical Method ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Coscinium Fenestratum ◽  
Anaesthetized Rat

This study was done to evaluate the anti-hypertensive effects of stem extract of Coscinium fenestratum (CF). The stems were air dried for 2 days, grounded and then soaked in organic solvent for 2 days. Thereafter the filtered extract was concentrated using rotary evaporator at 450C  to obtain the crude extract. Partial purification was done using silica gel column chromatography to separate the crude extract into five fractions A-E. The effect on hypertension was tested by intravenous injection of each extractinto a normotensive anaesthetized rat andperfused frog heart. The effect Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP), Heart rate (beats per minute) (HR) and force of contraction (FOC) was recorded via the BIOPAC LAB PRO SOFTWARE.  The phytochemical compound present in the extract was identified using a simple colorimetric biochemical method. The extract showed a reduction of theMABP, HR and FOC in the presence of norepinephrine and without norepinephrine. The effect of the extract was more than that of commercial drug atenolol. Colorimetric phytochemistry testing revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tanins, cardiac glycoside and alkaloids. The effect maybe because of the type of bioactive compounds present in the extract which has previously shown antioxidant property.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Activities of Major Compounds from Tinospora cordifolia Willd. Growing on Mangifera indica L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Thongchai Taechowisan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Hek293 Cell ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities

Objective To investigate the major constituents of Tinosporacordifolia Willd. growing on Mangiferaindica, and to evaluate the efficacy of their antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities. Methods The ethanolic stem extract of T. cordifolia was subjected to silica gel 60 column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and medium pressure liquid chromatography for isolation of the major compounds. Identification of purified compounds was achieved by spectroscopic methods.. The crude extract and purified compounds were screened for their antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties using standard procedures. Results Two alkaloids were purified and identified as Magnoflorin (1) and Tembetarine (2). These compounds showed high antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus with both MIC (32-64 µg/ml) and MBC (128-256 µg/ml). The cytotoxicity activity of the purified compounds and crude extract was determined using MTT colorimetric assay against L929 and HEK293 cell lines. This showed weak cytotoxicity activity with IC50 values of 1162.24 to 2290.00 µg/ml and 1376.67 to 2585.06 µg/ml towards L929 and HEK293 cell lines, respectively. Conclusion The major compounds present in ethanolic stem extract of T. cordifolia growing on M. indica were extracted, purified and identified. This study suggests that these compounds exhibit great potential for antibacterial activity with weak cytotoxicity activity. They may be useful for their medicinal functions.

scholarly journals CHROMATOGRAPHY-BASED PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM A TERRESTRIAL STREPTOMYCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Sudha Sri Kesavan S ◽  
Usha Nandhini S ◽  
Girija Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Purification And Characterization

Objectives: A potent Streptomyces strain isolated from garden soil samples of Sathyabama University, Chennai, and the characterization and its antimicrobial activity was reported previously. This report deals with partial purification and characterization of the partially purified antimicrobial compound by liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (LC-MS) method.Method: The crude extract was characterized by ultra violet-visible spectrum (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) subsequently partial purification was done by thin-layer chromatography, and the bands were used for LC-MS analysis. The obtained mass spectrum was searched in NIST for species data by molecular weight. The compound was identified by comparing the mass spectrum with the known compounds mass spectrum having 98-100% identical. The biological activity of the identified compound was searched in PubChem.Results: The UV and FTIR spectrum indicate the presence of hydroxyl group, aliphatic chain, aromatic, aliphatic amines, and ethers in the crude extract. The LC-MS spectrum revealed the presence of 12 compounds in high intensity resembling antimicrobial compounds such as imidazole, N-trifluoroacetyl, cyclohexane, 2-nitro, and stigmasterol.Conclusion: The instrumental analysis shows the presence of 14 different compounds, and PubChem compound search shows these compounds having various biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitumor, and antidepressant. This report insists us further to evaluate the anticancer, antitumor, and antitrypanosomal activities of the partially purified compound.

Hypotensive action of a Coscinium fenestratum stem extract

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Singh ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
S. Bani ◽  
S. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Hypotensive Action ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Coscinium Fenestratum

scholarly journals Antioxidant Property and Oral Glucose Tolerance of Stem Extract of Andrographis paniculata – Nees

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
E. O. Awoyinka ◽  
A. O. Ogundare ◽  
T. T. Adebolu ◽  
Adeloye Adedeji Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This research aims to investigate the antioxidant property and oral glucose tolerance of stem extract of Andrographis paniculata using standard methods. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were assessed using total phenol, total flavonoid, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), nitric oxide, GSH (gluthatione), super oxide, DPPH [1,1-di-phenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl] and ascorbic acid.  The oral glucose tolerance of methanol stem extract of A. paniculata was carried out using wistar albino rats. The Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups consisting of five rats each.  Group 1 was given water only, group two to group five were induced with 2g/kg of glucose. After 30 minutes, group 3 and 4 were treated with the doses of 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of the extract while group 5 was treated with glibenclamide respectively. The blood glucose level of each group was monitored for 2hours at 30 minutes interval and compared with the control that was given water only. The result shows that the extracts were able to scavenge free radicals but methanol stem extract of A. paniculata performed better in scavenging free radicals as compared to others. The blood sugar levels of the rats treated with doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg of methanol stem extract of A. paniculata were significantly lower than the group of rats that were fed with only glucose and the group of rats treated with glibenclamide. The glucose-lowering efficiency of the extract was between 60-120 minutes. Findings from this present study revealed that A. paniculata is a potential plant that can scavenge free radicals and also possess hypoglycemic activity.

scholarly journals Hypotensive, vaso-relaxant, cardio-depressant and diuretic effect of crude extract of Crotalaria burhia (Fabaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Imran
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Hypotensive Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diuretic Effect ◽  
Arterial Blood

Purpose: To examine 70 % aqueous-methanol crude extract of Crotalaria burhia (Cb.Cr) for its hypotensive and diuretic effects. Methods: The effect of intravenous administration of Cb.Cr on blood pressure (BP) of normotensive anesthetized rats was studied. In vitro experiments on rabbit isolated aortic and atrial preparations were performed to elucidate the mechanism of action. The diuretic effect was assessed following oral administration of Cb.Cr in rats. Results: Intravenous administration of Cb.Cr produced 14.70 ± 1.21, 22.00 ± 2.24 and 36.21 ± 2.65 % reduction in mean arterial blood pressure of the rats at doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. It was more potent in relaxing potassium (80 mM)- than phenylephrine (1 μM)-induced contractions in isolated aorta of rabbit with half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.58 ± 0.03 and 1.58 ± 0.16 mg/mL, respectively, which are similar to verapamil. The extract showed depressant effects on spontaneously beating atrial preparations of rabbit in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Cb.Cr also increased urine volume and urinary electrolyte excretion in rats. Conclusion: Crotalaria burhia crude extract exhibits hypotensive and diuretic effects in rats. The hypotensive activity of the extract possibly involves vasodilator, cardio-depressant, calcium channel blocking and diuretic actions. Keywords: Khip, Crotalaria burhia, Calcium channel blocker, Antihypertensive, Diuretic

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ephedra gerardiana (Root and Stem) Crude Extract and Fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Khan ◽  
Gul Jan ◽  
Afsar Khan ◽  
Farzana Gul Jan ◽  
Ali Bahadur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Stem Extract

The utilization of medicinal plants to treat infectious disease is a common practice in developing countries worldwide. The present study was aimed at evaluating the crude extracts of Ephedra gerardiana (root and stem) with different chemicals for antioxidant and antimicrobial (fungal and bacterial) potential. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate fractions of E. gerardiana (root and stem) have significant free radical scavenging potential with values 2.96±0.39 and 2.73±0.84 while n-butanol and aqueous fractions showed IC502.69±0.26 and 3.44±0.69 µg/ml in stem. Furthermore, crude extract and fractions also revealed promising antibacterial activities against all tested microbial strains while aqueous fraction showed no activities against Bacillus subtilis, Kleibsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, all crude extracts and fractions were nonactive against fungal strain, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, as compare to control. In summary, the Ephedra gerardiana (root and stem) extract and fraction possess antioxidant activities, which might be helpful in preventing or slowing the progress of various oxidative stresses, suggested to be a strong pharmaceutical agent.

IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF THE CHENOPODIUM OPULIFOLIUM TOTAL CRUDE EXTRACT IN WISTER ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Josephine Tibitondwa ◽  
Kokas Ikwap ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
Andrew Tamale ◽  
Gabriel Tumwine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Group 2

Background: Chronic disease conditions like cancer, diabetes, malnutrition and HIV/AIDS compromise the immune system thus necessitating immune boasting. The use of medicinal herbs in immunomodulation is now common, albeit with limited evidence regarding efficacy. We therefore investigated the immunomodulatory activity of the total crude leaf and stem extract of Chenopodium opulifolium in mice. Materials and methods: An experimental study was conducted using four groups of rats each with 6 animals with treatments administered daily for 29 days. Group one served as the positive control and received 20mg/kg of levamisole. Group 2, the negative control received 2 ml of an olive oil and normal saline mixture. Groups 3 and 4 received 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg bwt of the total crude leaf and stem extract respectively. On the 15th day, whole blood was collected for complete blood count and delayed type hypersensitivity response determination, haemagglutination antibody titer assay was done on blood collected on the 29th day. Results: Results revealed that the extract had a significant (P< 0.05) effect on haemagglutination antibody titers with the highest response observed in the extract group at 200mg/kg (30.67±1.33). The mean WBC (3.13±0.71×103/μl), neutrophil (0.93±0.48 cells/ μl) and lymphocyte (2.20±0.00 cells/ μl) counts in the 200mg/kg bwt extract group were elevated to levels comparable to the positive control. Conclusion: The total crude extract of Chenopodium opulifolium exhibits immunomodulatory activity in a dose dependent manner. Future studies utilizing pure extracts in order to pin point to the extract mechanism responsible for Immunomodulation are required for more conclusive results.

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