Ammonium Persulphate Initiated Graft Copolymerization of Aniline onto Chitosan-A Comparative Kinetic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Cation Radical ◽  
Probe Method ◽  
Radical Initiation ◽  
Ammonium Persulphate ◽  
Grafting Efficiency ◽  
Rate Expression

Ammonium persulphate (APS) has been used as efficient initiator for graft copolymerization of the aniline (ANI) onto chitosan at 25±0.1°C. Graft copolymerization of ANI onto chitosan has taken place through the cation radical initiation process. The grafting parameters have been evaluated by varying concentration of ANI, APS and chitosan. The effects of concentration of APS, ANI, chitosan and reaction time on graft copolymerization were studied by determining the grafting percentage (%G), grafting efficiency (%E) and percentage add-on. It was observed that bout rate of homopolymerization (Rh) and rate of graft coplymerization (Rg) increased with the increase in concentration of each component. On the basis of the experimental observations, initiating steps have been proposed and a suitable rate expression for graft copolymerization has been derived. Electrical conductivity of grafted polyaniline (PANI) onto chitosan (Chit-g-PANI, chitaline) was measured by the four probe method.

Understanding the Significance of Microwave Radiation for the Graft Copolymerization of Acrylamide on Carboxymethyl Xanthan Gum

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant R. Badwaik ◽  
Amit Alexander ◽  
Kalyani Sakure
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Ammonium Persulphate ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Characterization Study

Background: Nowadays, microwave assisted techniques are becoming popular ecofriendly approaches in Green Chemistry. However, to date, no study has reported the microwave assisted graft copolymerization of acrylamide on carboxymethyl xanthan gum backbone. Objective: The objective of this study was to study the effect of microwave radiations on graft copolymerization of acrylamide on carboxymethyl xanthan gum. Methods: Carboxymethyl xanthan gum was grafted with acrylamide under microwave irradiation. The grafting process is optimized by varying the amount of carboxymethyl xanthan gum, acrylamide, ammonium persulphate, microwave power and exposure time. The graft copolymer was further characterized and evaluated for its efficacy. Results: Grafting was successfully optimized for higher grafting efficiency (92.4 %) and grafting (410.5 %) in a short reaction time of 150 s, at 40 times less concentration of ammonium persulphate. The characterization study confirmed the grafting of acrylamide on the hydroxyl group of carboxymethyl xanthan gum backbone. Conclusion: Microwave radiations play a vital role in graft copolymerization of acrylamide on carboxymethyl xanthan gum, in short reaction time, at 40 times less concentration of initiator. The synthesized graft copolymers remain nontoxic and also showed more antimicrobial activity than carboxymethyl xanthan gum.

Graft Copolymerization of Acrylamide onto Activated Starch Using Inverse Emulsion Polymerization

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 600-605
Author(s):  
Dian Mo Zheng ◽  
Sheng Gan Zhu ◽  
Li Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Grafting Efficiency ◽  
Inverse Emulsion ◽  
Initiation System ◽  
Ft Ir

Activated starch was prepared by ball milling before used. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto activated starch was carried out in inverse emulsion using a redox initiation system of ammonium persulfate and sodium bisulfite. The effects of ball-milling time, reaction temperature, initiator concentration and weight ratio of acrylamide to starch on the conversion of monomer, grafting percentage and grafting efficiency were studied. The structure and properties of the graft copolymer and activated starch were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The results showed that ball milling could progressively destroy the crystalline structure of starch and improve the chemical reactivity. The monomer conversion, grafting percentage and grafting efficiency of grate copolymerization were 96.6%、62.4%、85.49%, respectively.

Effect of Deacetylation on Characterization of pH Stimulus Responsive Chitosan-Acrylamide Hydrogels Using Radiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Tri Basuki ◽  
Deni Swantomo ◽  
Sigit ◽  
Kartini Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Grafting Efficiency ◽  
Sensor Material ◽  
Swelling Degree ◽  
Gel Fraction ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Acetyl Group

Smart hydrogels which can change their swelling behavior and other properties in response to environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, solvent composition and electric fields, have attracted great interest as chemical sensor material and controlled release system. The pH stimulus responsive hydrogels were synthesized by gamma-irradiation graft copolymerization of chitosan-acrylamide. In this research the influence of deacetylation process on the hydrogels characterization were investigated by measuring grafting efficiency, gel fraction, swelling degree, and crosslink density. Evidence of grafting was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed reduction in the crystallinity of chitosan with different deacetylation process also after the graft copolymerization reaction. The results showed that decreasing acetyl group of chitosan increase the grafting efficiency, gel fraction and swelling degree. While crystallinity decreased. The hydrogels indicated pH-dependent swelling behaviour.

Study on the Graft Copolymerization of AN onto PP by Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Zhen Wang ◽  
Di Ma ◽  
Cheng E Yue ◽  
Wei Nan Jia ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Graft Polymer ◽  
Swelling Agent ◽  
Grafting Reaction ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The research reported in this paper aimed at exploring the advantages of using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as an environmentally benign solvent and swelling agent for carrying out the grafting process of acrylonitrile (AN) onto polypropylene (PP) in the solid state by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator in the reaction. In order to get a well graft ratio, the effects of various factors in this grafting reaction are investigated. Those factors included the reaction time, reaction temperature, monomer and initiator concentrations and the CO2 pressure. IR was used to characterize the constituent of the graft polymer. Then anti-aging of the PP-g-AN was studied by UV-vis. Results showed that the scCO2-assisted solid-state grafting process of AN onto PP did have some scientifically interesting and industrially relevant advantages over the melt process. Compare with virgin PP, the graft polymer have a better performance in anti-aging.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposite of Copolymer of N-Methyl Pyrrole (NMPy) and N, N-Dimethyl Aniline (NDMA)

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
R. Rathore ◽  
Soni Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Probe Method ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Chemical Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Amorphous Nature

Nanocomposite of copolymer of N-Methyl pyrrole (NMPy) and N, N-Dimethyl aniline (NDMA) doped with HCl was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization. APS was used as oxidant. The sample was characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD and four probe method. FTIR confirms the formation of copolymer and its structure. XRD analysis shows the amorphous nature of polymer nanocomposite. The electrical conductivity of sample was measured by using four probe method. Size and surface morphology were demonstrated by SEM.

Synthesis of Smart Biodegradable Hydrogels Cellulose-Acrylamide Using Radiation as Controlled Release Fertilizers

2014 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 296-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deni Swantomo ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
Kris Tri Basuki ◽  
Rahman Sudiyo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Grafting Efficiency ◽  
Swelling Degree ◽  
Gel Fraction ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Smart biopolymer-based hydrogels was synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto the rice straw cellulose backbones using simultaneous graft copolymerization by gamma radiation as initiator. Evidence of grafting was obtained from comparison of FTIR of the cellulose and grafted cellulose. The effect of acrylamide monomer concentration on grafting efficiency, gel fraction, swelling degree, crosslink density, molecular weight between crosslink (Mc), network mesh size (ξ) and Young Modulus were examined. It was found that grafting efficiency, gel fraction, crosslink density, and Young Modulus increases with increasing acrylamide concentration. Swelling degree, molecular weight between crosslink, and network mesh sizes decreases with the increasing acrylamide concentration. Furthermore, controlled release fertilizers from loaded hydrogels was analyzed in water. The urea fertilizer release mechanism from the hydrogels were Fickian diffusion. The diffusion coefficient of urea closely related to its crosslink density and network mesh sizes.

Morphological Study of Superabsorbent Polymer Hydrogels from Sago Starch

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nurizan ◽  
Ahmad Zuraida ◽  
Nordin Norhuda Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Porosity Distribution ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Ammonium Persulphate ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Sanitary Products

This paper comprises of the characterizations of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels based on sago starch (SS) prepared via graft copolymerization method with acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of ammonium persulphate (APS) and N, N-metylenebisacrylamide. The morphology of sago-g-acrylic (SAG) was evidenced by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The remarkable feature of this SAG is the porosity distribution with different amount of crosslinker. Less amount of crosslinker leads to increment in porosity distribution as well as water absorbency. This SAG with excellent water absorbency properties, being biodegradable in nature could be useful in sanitary products, horticulture and agriculture.

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