Analisis kimia dan uji oragnoleptik pada minuman sinbiotik dengan penambahan ektrak pati sagu

Background: Sago is local food, contains lactic acid bacteria that can ferment high carbohydrates and oligosaccharides purified from sago extract. It has the potential as a prebiotic because it can support the growth of lactic acid bacteria, reduce the growth of E.coli and Salmonella bacteria (in vitro).Objectives: To determine the effect of synbiotic drink added with sago starch extract (Metroxylon sago r) on organoleptic and nutritional tests and determine the degree of acidity of the drink.Methods: Experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD). Organoleptic tests at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Nutrition Department of the Health Polytechnic of Sorong and chemical tests at the Chemix Pratama Laboratory in Yogyakarta in April-June 2020. Descriptive univariate analysis, including frequency and percentage distribution. Bivariate test with ANOVA test and Duncan's follow-up test.Results: The results showed that the synbiotic drink (yogurt) added with sago starch extract and using starter Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus had a significant effect on the organoleptic test and the carbohydrate content of the product ( p < 0.05). The most preferred synbiotic drink (yogurt) from the three drink variations (Y011, Y021, and Y033) drinks Y021. The analysis of starch content in local varieties of West Papua sago flour was very high, namely 83.30%, and the chemical test results of acidity (pH) in the selected synbiotic drink (yogurt) Y021 was 4.36.Conclusion: The synbiotic drink added with sago starch extract had a significant effect on the organoleptic test compared with commercial yogurt drink and the carbohydrate content of the drink. Of the 3 variants of sago starch extract in synbiotic drinks, selected was Y021, and the best degree of acidity in synbiotic drinks (Y021), pH = 4.36 was sufficient to meet the standard of acidity of yogurt drinks in general.

Rapid Ultrasound-Assisted Starch Extraction from Sago Pith Waste (SPW) for the Fabrication of Sustainable Bioplastic Film

The present study was conducted to optimize the extraction yield of starch from sago (Metroxylon sagu) pith waste (SPW) with the assistance of ultrasound ensued by the transformation of extracted starch into a higher value-added bioplastic film. Sago starch with extraction yield of 71.4% was successfully obtained using the ultrasound-assisted extraction, with the following conditions: particle size <250 µm, solid loading of 10 wt.%, ultrasonic amplitude 70% and duty cycle of 83% in 5 min. The rapid ultrasound approach was proven to be more effective than the conventional extraction with 60.9% extraction yield in 30 min. Ultrasound-extracted starch was found to exhibit higher starch purity than the control starch as indicated by the presence of lower protein and ash contents. The starch granules were found to have irregular and disrupted surfaces after ultrasonication. The disrupted starch granules reduced the particle size and increased the swelling power of starch which was beneficial in producing a film-forming solution. The ultrasound-extracted sago starch was subsequently used to prepare a bioplastic film via solution casting method. A brownish bioplastic film with tensile strength of 0.9 ± 0.1 MPa, Young’s modulus of 22 ± 0.8 MPa, elongation at break of 13.6 ± 2.0% and water vapour permeability (WVP) of 1.11 ± 0.1 × 10−8 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1 was obtained, suggesting its feasibility as bioplastic material. These findings provide a means of utilization for SPW which is in line with the contemporary trend towards greener and sustainable products and processes.

Mechanical Characteristic and Water Absorption Property of Bio Composite from Sago Starch and Jute Fiber (Boehmeria Nivea) as the filler

Environmentally friendly plastics can be degraded biologically in an anaerobic environment. This plastic is synthesized from starch such as sago starch which is available in abundance. In the form of bioplastics, its mechanical properties are still not compared to conventional plastics derived from crude oil, so its application is limited. The incorporation of filler material increases its mechanical properties, one of the selected fillers is hemp fiber as used in this study. Thermoplastic starch from sago with flax fiber as a filler and the addition of Polypropylene to improve mechanical properties with a certain composition to maintain its natural biodegradability. The mechanical properties analyzed were tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity. Water absorption tests were also carried out to observe the water resistance properties. The results of the tensile strength test showed that the best tensile strength value of 9.32 Mpa was obtained at the addition of 35% fiber with a TPS: PP ratio of 1:1.5. The same conditions were obtained for the percent elongation with the results of 10.16% and the modulus of elasticity was 91.73 Mpa. Water absorption showed that 55% filler gave the lowest water absorption, namely 4.41% at a ratio of TPS: PP 1:0.5. The addition of fiber filler into the bio-composite affects the tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity, the higher the volume of filler entering the bio-composite, the lower the value of tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity, or vice versa. The ratio of addition of polypropylene matrix is also influential, the higher the ratio contributes to the tensile strength, elongation and higher modulus of elasticity. High water absorption capacity will reduce the performance of biocomposite, so the lower the water absorption ability, the better the quality of the biocomposite product and the wider its application

Effect of Different Molecular Weight and Concentration of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) on Tensile and Morphology of Sago Starch Film

Sago starch is a seasonal based plantation and widely found in Asia country. Its application mainly in cooking such as biscuits and as a thickener in jellies. To further utilize its application, bioplastic from sago starch was developed. In this study, sago starch films were prepared through a blending and casting method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer by varying its molecular weights and concentrations. The interaction between starch and PEG in the blend was studied using FTIR technique. The effect on transparency, tensile stress, Young’s modulus as well as elongation percentages of the films was also examined. The results suggested that the addition of low molecular weight PEG (400 g.mol-1) increased the tensile stress of sago films from 33.51 MPa up to 39.11 MPa. Nevertheless, incorporation of high molecular weight of PEG (4000 g.mol-1) decreased the tensile strength of the film. Tensile strength and elongation at break of sago films increased with increasing of PEG concentration up to 2% and decreased with further increased of PEG content. Results indicated that there was a miscibility between these two components.

Development of sago drying with environmentally friendly techniques

One of the drying machines that is commonly used by in industry is a rack-type dryer. However, the rack-type drying machine has generally fairly low efficiency. A rack-type dryer has been designed which was equipped with a hybrid mechanism, but is its performance not yet known when it is controlled by an expert control system. The purpose of this research was to produce an expert control system that can be applied to a rack-type dryer with a hybrid system mechanism which can improve the performance of the dryer. The research includes the development of expert rules applied to the control system and a series of tests was carried out using 10 kg of fresh sago starch. The test results show that the drying air temperature did not show any overshoot and short settling time, drying temperature is relatively stable and there was no steady state error. The drying rate of fresh sago starch can be increased by using the hybrid system. The use of electric power with the hybrid system was lower (5.78 kWh) compared to that of non-hybrid (6.88 kWh) or a reduction of about 16% compared to the non-hybrid system. Thermal efficiency of the rack-type dryer with the expert control system was about 36%.

Thermoplastic sago starch nanocomposites wound dressing fortified with antibiotic-modified HNT

Starches were reported to promote wound healing. However, the hydrophilicity of starch help absorbs the exudates from the wounds during the healing process, but it also enables a bacterial infection that slows the healing process. Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) are attracting many biological technologies because of their high loading capacity and biocompatibility. This paper investigates the modified HNT as a carrier for antimicrobials agent in wound healing materials. Halloysite was modified by dispersing it with chloramphenicol solution using a magnetic stirring method. Thermoplastic sago Starch (TPSS)/modified HNT (MHNTs) biocomposite films of different compositions (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt. % HNT) were then developed using the solution casting method. SEM revealed that modified HNT shows good dispersion on the TPSS matrix. With the introduction of modified HNT, the FTIR peaks of TPSS have altered at the peak of 3693.21 cm-1 and 1040.05 cm-1. In addition, modified HNT reduced the water absorption rate of the TPSS films. Furthermore, modified HNT showed good resistance to bacterial culture and significantly reduced the biodegradability rate of TPSS compared to pristine HNT. From the findings, HNT can be a potential carrier for antibacterial agents to withstand bacterial attacks.

The role of betel (Piper betle) leaf extract and glycerol on physical properties of bioplastic based on sago starch

Starch-based bioplastic from sago is one of the potential sources in Indonesia. Since it is made from natural ingredients, it is easier to absorb water and susceptible to the activity of microorganisms. Betel leaf extract is one of natural antimicrobial agent that rich of tannin and flavonoid. This study aims to investigate physical properties and antimicrobial activity of sago (Metroxylon sp.) starch-based bioplastic. The betel leaf was extracted by using the ultrasonication method with ethanol as a solvent. Betel leaf concentrated extract is diluted using aquadest with a concentration of 2 g/100 mL (2%) to be applied as an antimicrobial agent in bioplastics. The compositions of glycerol were varied from 10-30% whereas betel leaf extract from 3-9%(v) in the manufacture of bioplastics. The results show that the highest density of 1.5 g/cm3 was achieved at the composition of glycerol and betel leaf extract, respectively, 30%(v) and 9%(v). The highest water absorption percentage was shown by sample with 30%(v) glycerol without addition of betel leaf extract, that was 83.31%. The antibacterial activity showed that the addition of betel leaf extract to bioplastics was able to inhibit the activity of bacteria (Bacillus cereus). The best inhibition were shown in bioplastics with a variation of 20%(v) glycerol and 9%(v) betel leaf extract addition. However, all variation did not show their inhibition with fungal activity (Aspergillus niger).