scholarly journals PROPOFOL INDUCED PAIN;

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
ABDUL HAMEED CHOHEDR ◽  
M. MASJEDI ◽  
M. SEYEDI
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Hospital Department ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Propofol causes pain on injection in 28% - 90% ofpatients. A number of techniques have been tried for minimizing propofol-induced pain with variable results.Objectives:To compare the use of premixed lidocaine-propofol with metoclopramide pretreatment for the reduction of pain duringinjection of propofol in adult patients. Design: A prospective, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.Setting: Shiraz University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz, Iran. Period: From Jan 2007 to Dec 2007.Materials & Methods: 202 subjects (ASA I-II) scheduled for elective operations under general anesthesia wereallocated into three groups and treated as follows: Group A: 20 ml propofol mixed with 20mg lidocaine %1 following 2mlnormal saline; Group B: 20 ml propofol mixed with 2ml normal saline following 5 mg metoclopramide; Group C (controlgroup): 20 ml propofol mixed with 2 ml normal saline following 2 ml normal saline. Pain intensity was graded by a single,blinded observer and recorded as either severe, moderate, mild or no pain according to the response of the patientsto the injection. Results: The incidence of pain was 72% in placebo group compared to 58.7% in the metoclopramideand 28.8% in the lidocaine group. Conclusion: Propofol-lidocaine admixture is more effective than metoclopramidepre treatment in decreasing the pain of propofol injection.

A Comparative Study of Lignocaine, Pethidine, Ketamine and Placebo for Prevention of Pain on Propofol Injection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Shagufta Naaz ◽  
Erum Ozair ◽  
Adil Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Saline Group ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Background: Pain caused by propofol injection is a common occurrence. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of three drugs, lignocaine, pethidine and ketamine for prevention of pain during propofol injection. Materials and Methods: This double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel multi-arm study was done after written informed consent and ethics clearance. Hundred patients of ASA I and II, 18-65 years of age, and with body mass index 18-30 kg/m2 were included. Exclusion criteria were significant cardiovascular or hepatic diseases, renal insufficiency, and a history of allergy to the study drugs. Group A (Normal Saline), Group B (Ketamine 25 mg), Group C (Lignocaine 20 mg) and Group D (Pethidine 25 mg) were pre-treated with 2 ml of the study agents before propofol injection. The primary outcome was the incidence of pain with propofol injection and the secondary outcomes were the induction time, pain scores at various time intervals, the incidence of recall of pain after surgery, haemodynamic changes and adverse effects. Results: There were highly significant differences (p<0.001) in the incidences of pain during propofol injection in group A and the other three groups. The difference in incidence of pain was also significant between Group C and other groups. The differences in the pain scores (p<0.001) and recall of pain (p<0.05) between group A and the other three groups were significant. Conclusion: Lidocaine may be considered as a good choice for the purpose of reduction of pain during propofol injection.

The Effect of Prophylactic Ephedrine on Systemic Hypotension Caused by Induction of Anaesthesia with Propofol and Sufentanil in Elderly Hypertensive Patients: A Prospective Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Elderly Hypertensive ◽  
Elderly Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Group B

Objective: To study the effectiveness of prophylactic ephedrine to prevent hypotension caused by induction of anesthesia with propofol and sufentanil in elderly hypertensive patients. Methodology: 70 elderly ASA grade II-III hypertensive patients undergoing elective general anesthesia were randomized into two groups to receive either intravenous ephedrine,100 ug/kg in 5ml normal saline (Group B), or an equal volume of normal saline (Group A) before induction. Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Heart Rate (HR) were recorded at T0 (after entry to the operating room), T1 (1 min after induction), T2 (2 min after induction), T3 ( 3 min after induction), T4 (4 min after induction), T5 (when intubated), T6 (2 min after intubation), and T7 (at the start of the procedure), as well as the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia. Results: SBP, DBP and HR were not significantly different at T0 and were significantly different at T1 to T7 after anesthesia induction. There were statistically significant effect on hypotension and bradycardia between the two groups and group B have a lower risk of hypotension and bradycardia relative to group A. SBP and DBP decreased significantly after induction in both groups. HR decreased significantly in group A while increased in group B. Conclusion: Ephedrine pretreatment can minimize hypotension and bradycardia caused by propofol and sufentanil during the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients with hypertension.

scholarly journals Intraperitoneal Hydrocortisone plus Bupivacaine versus Bupivacaine alone for Pain Relief after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Sharma ◽  
Kalpana Kharbuja ◽  
Nil Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been the gold standard in the treatment of gallstones since last decades. Beside several benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with open surgery, postoperative pain is still a frequent melancholy.  Hence, pain management is utmost regarding patients' comfort. The main objective of the study was to compare the effect of intraperitoneal hydrocortisone plus bupivacaine with bupivacaine alone on pain relief following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.   Methods: A randomized study was conducted from December 2015 to August 2015 that included 100 patients aged 20 to 60 years of both genders who were found to have symptomatic gallstones and were scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Lumbini Medical College. Patients randomly received 100 mg hydrocortisone plus 100 mg bupivacaine in 200 ml normal saline (group A) or 100 mg bupivacaine in 200 ml normal saline (group B) into the peritoneum. Post-operative abdominal and shoulder pain were evaluated using Visual Analog Score (VAS). The patients were also followed up for postoperative analgesic requirements, and recovery variables. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed statistically using SPSS version 19.   Results: Total number of patients in this study were 100. Age and gender among both groups were comparable. VAS scores for pain was significantly lower for group A as compared to group B at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Time of oral intake in hrs for liquids and solids was statistically significant in Group A compared to Group B. Rescue analgesic requirement was also significantly low in Group A compared to Group B. Hospital stay in both group were comparable.   Conclusion: Combination of hydrocortisone plus bupivacaine can relieve pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy better compared to bupivacaine alone when administered intraperitoneally.

Application of Iced Normal Saline Combined with Cocktail Perfusion in Total Knee Arthroplasty:Randomized Controlled Trialrandomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laijian Sui ◽  
Aihua Jiang ◽  
Pengzhou Gai ◽  
Xiaojun Qi ◽  
Jinwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Postoperative Drainage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: The present study was designed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of iced normal saline combined with cocktail perfusion during total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Method: Sixty patients undergoing TKA were divided into three groups, then three different intro-operative articular cavity perfusion treatment was given according to the randomized, double-blind and controlled rule. One way ANOVA analysis on visual analogue scale (VAS) score, functional recovery, drainage, and edema of the affected limb were performed to assess the efficiency of the treatment in the following three days after the operation.Results: Postoperative drainage in group A and B reduced significantly (P<0.05). The IHC scores of the surgical limbs were markedly lower comparing with the control group (P<0.05). No differential postoperative edema was observed and the patient acquired better rehabilitation in group A and B than control group. Compared with group A, no differential postoperative drainage and edema was seen in group B (P>0.05). The VAS score of group B was significantly lower than in group A(P<0.05). Postoperative recovery of the surgical limb function in group B was better than in group A (P<0.05), and PGE2 in the postoperative drainage volume of group B was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions: Intra-operation articular cavity perfusion therapy with iced normal saline combined with cocktail perfusion therapy can greatly reduce the early inflammation, contributing to the better rehabilitation of TKA.

scholarly journals Hyperglycemic Response of Non-diabetic Women Undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy Who Have Received Prophylactic Dexamethasone to Alleviate Nausea and Vomiting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saghar Samimi Sadeh ◽  
Ehsan Bastanhagh ◽  
Somayeh Mohammadi ◽  
Reza Shariat Moharari ◽  
Pejman Pourfakhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anesthetic Induction ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Operative Nausea

Background: This study has been designed to assess the hyperglycemic response in non-diabetic patients in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy; who have received a prophylactic dose of dexamethasone to alleviate post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods: This was a double blind randomized clinical trial involving seventy women who were candidates for abdominal hysterectomy. The women were randomly assigned into two groups. Group A received 8mgs (in 50 mls normal saline) of IV dexamethasone; post-anesthetic induction and pre-surgery. Group B received 50 mls of normal saline post-anesthetic induction and pre-surgery. Patients were asked whether they had any nausea and vomiting during recovery. The patients’ blood sugar (BS) levels were assessed before surgery, during recovery and then 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after surgery. Results: Thirty-three women in each group were monitored. Assessment of the results indicates that nausea and vomiting were not significantly different between the two groups. The age and BS before surgery of the patients were not significantly different. BS levels after surgery were significantly higher for the group receiving dexamethasone; with the exception of the levels during the first hour. Conclusion: The BS of women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy is significantly higher for those receiving a single dose of dexamethasone, post-operatively, compared to patients receiving a placebo. The finding of this study does not support the role of dexamethasone in the prophylactic anti-emetic treatment in abdominal hysterectomy.

scholarly journals Polyethylene eye-cover versus artificial teardrops in the prevention of ocular surface diseases in comatose patients: A prospective multicenter randomized triple-blinded three-arm clinical trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248830
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Khatiban ◽  
Hamid Moradi Amin ◽  
Gholamhosein Falahinia ◽  
Abbas Moghimbeigi ◽  
Mehran Yadollahi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Care Intervention ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
Ocular Surface Diseases ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background Polyethylene covers are claimed to be useful in preventing ocular surface diseases (OSD); however, evidence of their clinical efficacy is limited. This clinical trial aimed to compare the use of polyethylene eye covers and artificial teardrops versus normal saline on the incidence and severity of OSD in comatose patients. Methods Of 90 eligible patients randomly assigned to three treatment groups, 79 patients completed the study, In group A, patients (n = 25) received artificial teardrops for left and normal saline for right eyes, in group B (n = 29) polyethylene covers for left and normal saline for right eyes, and in group C (n = 25) polyethylene covers for left and artificial teardrops for right eyes. As the patients were comatose, their blinding did not applicable, and a blinded observer evaluated the patients’ eyes based on the Corneal Fluorescein Staining Pattern. The blinded analyzer analyzed collected data by SPSS-16 software at a 95% confidential level. Results The OSDs were observed in 65 (41.14%) out of 158 eyes examined. The artificial teardrop was more effective than the normal saline in group A, polyethylene eye cover was more useful than the normal saline in group B, and polyethylene eye cover was more effective than the artificial teardrop in group C in reducing the incidence of OSD (p< 0.01). Polyethylene eye covers had the most impact on reducing the severity of the OSD compared to the other interventions (p< .001). Conclusions Polyethylene eye covers significantly reduced the incidence and severity of OSD. Using polyethylene cover is suggested as a safe, effective, and accessible eye care intervention for preventing OSD in comatose patients. Trial registration (IRCT201609129014N115), Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.

scholarly journals PRETREATMENT WITH LIGNOCAINE

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 633-637
Author(s):  
MOBEEN IKRAM ◽  
MUHAMMAD ISHAQUE ◽  
NAVEED MASOOD
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pain On Injection ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group B ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

Objective: To assess the frequency of pain and withdrawal movements after injection of rocuronium and effects of pre-treatment with lignocaine. Study Design: Double blind study. Duration of Study: This study was of six months duration and was carried out from March 2004 to September 2004. Setting: Combined Military Hospital Kharian. Patients and Methods: One hundred and twenty unpremedicated patients with ASA grade I and II, aged between 18-60 years and of both sexes were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 60 patients each. After induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone, patients in group A received 3 ml of lignocaine plain while those in group B, received 3 ml of normal saline as pre-treatment before injection of rocuronium. Their effects on pain on injection and withdrawalmovements of the arm were studied. Results: Out of total of 120 patients, only 17 patients (14%) developed withdrawal movements of the arm or wrist. In Group A, who received lignocaine plain before rocuronium injection, only 3 patients out of 60 patients had withdrawal movements while in Group B, who received normal saline as pre-treatment fourteen out of 60 patients developed withdrawal movements of the arm or wrist. Only one patient belonging to Group B experienced pain. Conclusions: Pretreatment with lignocaine plain greatly reduces the chances of withdrawal movements and pain on injection of rocuronium.

scholarly journals A comparative study of dexmedetomidine versus clonidine in epidural anaesthesia to assess the level of sedation in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Vinay Pathak ◽  
B. B. Kushwaha ◽  
Girish Chandra ◽  
V. K. Bhatia ◽  
Akash Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: To compare study of dexmedetomidine versus clonidine in epidural anesthesia to assess the level of sedation in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgery.Methods: This was a comparative study conducted on admitted ASA grade I and II patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. The patients were divided into three groups of 30 patients each, according to the epidural medication they received:-Group A-received 15ml of bupivacaine (0.5%) and dexmedetomidine (1.0µg/kg body weight) in 1ml of normal saline; Group B-received 15ml of bupivacaine (0.5%) and clonidine (2.0µg/kg body weight) in 1ml of normal saline; Group C-received 15ml of bupivacaine (0.5%) with 1ml of normal saline. The heart rate, blood pressure, sensory dermatome level, Motor blocked level, pain and VAS were recorded at different time intervals. The side effects were also noted.Results: The baseline parameters were comparable among the groups. All the hemodynamic parameters and other study parameters were similar at Min. 0. All the hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure and SpO2 were variable at different time intervals. Motor block level   was significantly (p<0.05) lower in Group C than Group A and Group B from Min 50 to Min 90. The sedation score was observed to be nil in Group C. The post-op pain score became higher in Group C than Group A and Group B at subsequent time intervals. A 3 (10%) of the rescue agents was observed in Group C. Atropine (30%) and mephenteramine (10%) were common rescue agents in Group B. The bradycardia was observed in 30% patients of Group B and in 40% of Group A.Conclusions: On addition of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in epidural anesthesia provides better anesthesia and sedation than clonidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine or bupivacaine alone with mild hemodynamic changes which are easily manageable.

Pregabalin As A Premedicant To Attenuate Pressor Response In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3418-3423
Author(s):  
Sweety Agrawal ◽  
Shubdha Bhagat ◽  
Pratibha Deshmukh ◽  
Amol Singham
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Co2 Insufflation ◽  
Ramsay Sedation Scale ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

The present study was done to evaluate the ability of oral pregabalin to attenuate the pressor response to airway instrumentation in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Sixty-four adult patients aged between 25-55 year of either gender belonging to ASA-1 or ASA2 physical status weighing 50-70 kg were enrolled in this study. Thirty-two patients each were randomized to group A, or group B. Patients in group A received tablet Pregabalin (150mg) and those in group B received placebo orally one hour before induction of anaesthesia. Heart rate, blood pressure, and sedation were assessed preoperatively before giving the tablets and after 30 minutes, and just before induction of anaesthesia. Intraoperative, pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, ECG in the lead II, SPO2 and ETCO2 were monitored. All the above parameters were noted during laryngoscopy and intubation, 3 minutes after CO2 insufflation, and then at every 10-minute interval till the end of surgery. These parameters were also recorded after extubating the patient. The Ramsay sedation scale was used to assess the sedation at the baseline, one hour after drug intake , one hour after extubation and 4 hour after surgery. Any adverse effects in the postoperative period were recorded. The result of our study shows that pre-emptive administration of oral pregabalin 150 mg significantly reduced the pressor response at the time of laryngoscopy and intubation, after CO2 insufflation and just after extubation. We conclude that oral pregabalin premedication is effective in successful attenuation of hemodynamic pressor response to laryngoscopy, intubation and pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment of Anti-HIV Dapivirine Vaginal Microbicide Rings with Multiple Dosing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vaginal Ring ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Anti Hiv

Objectives: Self-administered vaginal rings are a promising method for delivery of topical anti-HIV microbicidesand might offer an adherence advantage over daily or coitally-dependent dosage forms such as gels. This trialassessed the safety and pharmacokinetic aspects of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring-004 when worn as multiple rings oversequential periods of ring use by healthy, sexually-active, HIV-negative women.Methods: This double-blind trial was conducted among 48 women (18-40 years). Participants were randomlyassigned to two groups (A or B) and received (3:1) either the dapivirine or a placebo vaginal ring. Group A used tworings over a 56-day period and Group B used three rings over a 57-day period. Safety evaluations were conductedthroughout the trial. Dapivirine concentrations were measured in plasma, vaginal fluid and cervical tissue samplescollected during and after the 56 days (Group A) or 57 days (Group B) of vaginal ring use.Results: Ring-004 was safe and well tolerated in all participants. The pharmacokinetic profile demonstrated arapid increase in plasma and vaginal fluid concentrations and achieved concentrations in vaginal fluids and cervicaltissue well above the in vitro IC99 in cervical tissue (3.3 ng/mL) that were sustained for a 28 to 35-day ring use period(approximately 3000 times higher in vaginal fluids and 14 -1000 times higher in cervical tissue). Drug levels wereassociated with significant inhibitory activity of genital secretions against HIV ex vivo, a biomarker of pharmacodynamics.Individual plasma dapivirine concentrations did not exceed 553 pg/mL and were well below plasma concentrations atthe maximum tolerated dose for oral treatment (mean Cmax 2286 ng/mL).Conclusions: The consecutive use of several rings over a period of up to 57 days was safe and well tolerated, andPK data indicate that a single Ring-004 is likely to be protective for at least 35 days.

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