STROKE

in the world. The aim of this study was to analyze different characteristics instroke patients in Medical Unit 1 of Lahore General Hospital, which is biggest referral hospital forNeurology patients in Punjab, to identify the risk factors and help in targeting prevention in ourpatients. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Period:January 2016, including data from January to November 2015. Methods: The demographicdata, clinical manifestations, risk factors, side of weakness, cranial nerves involved, neurologicalweakness and Glasgow Coma Scale, duration of stay in hospital and outcome were includedin the data. For the comparison between categorical variables Chi-square test was used. Forother variables, t-test was used. Results: A total of 235 patients with stroke, age 20 to 105(mean ±SD= 58±14.6) were included. 127 (54%) had Ischemic stroke (IS) and 100 (42.6%)had hemorrhagic stroke (HS). 127 (54%) were men and 108 (46%) were women. 17.9% of thepatients with IS and 21.7% of the patients with HS died (OR 0.65 95% CI 0.48-0.89). Hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia were the most common risk factors. Conclusion: Burden of stroke ishigh in Pakistan. Mean age of patients with stroke is less. Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemiaand smoking are highly prevalent and hypertension is the most common. Ischemic strokes aremore common, mortality of intra-cerebral hemorrhage is higher.

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infections in Neonatal Unit Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi38.3-4.1998.68-74 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (3-4) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Suartawan Suartawan ◽

Hamid HA

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Nosocomial Infection ◽

General Hospital ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Neonatal Unit ◽

Chi Square ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Chi Square Test

The rate of morbidity due to infection including nosocomial infection during neonatal period is higher than that due to other causes. The purpose of this study was to know the incidence and risk factors of nosocomial infection. This study was conducted on all babies treated at the neonatal unit, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar during the period of April-June 1995. Chi square test was used to compare nosocomial infection between birth weight groups and mode of deliveries. The incidence of nosocomial infections in this study was 6%, with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Skin infections were found most frequently. This occurrence of nosocomial infection was significantly related to the birth weight and mode of delivery, in which the risk of nosocomial infection was greater in babies with low birth weight and delivered by cesarean section or other obstetric procedures.

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Risk Factor Related to Mortality of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga ◽

10.20473/juxta.v11i12020.36-40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Alviano Satria Wibawa ◽

Hermina Novida ◽

Muhammad Faizi ◽

Deasy Ardiany

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽

General Hospital ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Chi Square ◽

High Blood Glucose ◽

Electrolyte Disturbances ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

History Of

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of diabetes mellitus which has a high risk of mortality. Mortality in DKA patients in developed countries is less than 5%, some other sources mention 5-10%, 2-10%, or 9-10%. Mortality events at clinics with simple facilities and elderly patients can reach 25-50%. The mortality rate of DKA patients is generally higher in infection conditions, especially in developing countries and in septic patients. Several factors such as age, sex, and high blood glucose can increase mortality risk of DKA patients. Other risk factors such as history of discontinued insulin therapy, impaired bicarbonate levels, pH, and increased leukocytes of DKA patients due to infection, abnormal albumin levels, electrolyte disturbances, and Serum Creatinine (SK) were thought to affect mortality of DKA patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with mortality of DKA patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: The method used in this study was observational analytic involving 63 adult patients diagnosed with DKA with analysis using Chi-Square test. Results: From 63 patients included in this study, 37 patients diagnosed with DKA died and 26 patients lived. In a multivariate analysis, DKA severity with p = 0.001 (p < 0.005) was identified as having a relationship with mortality of DKA patients Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Conclusion: Severity is the only risk factor associated with mortality of DKA patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.

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Risk factors of mortality for intensive care COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-90168/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yanli Gu ◽

Donghui Wang ◽

Cen Chen ◽

Wanjun Lu ◽

Hongbing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Student’S T

Abstract Aims: To identify the risk factors of mortality for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), we conducted a retrospective analysis.Methods: The demographic characteristics, laboratory findings and chest X-ray data of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU of Huoshenshan Hospital from February 10 to April 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Student's t test and chi-square test were used to compare continuous variables, categorical variables respectively. Logistic regression model was used to seek risk factors of mortality.Results: A total of 57 patients (38 males and 19 females) were included in this retrospective study, including 20 patients in deceased group and 37 patients in surviving group. Leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, eosinophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial partial pressure of oxygen/oxygen concentration (PaO2/FiO2) and imaging findings were statistically different between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2 as independent risk factors of mortality. The area of under curves (AUC) of IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2 were 0.9 (95%CI:0.823-0.977, p<0.0001) and 0.865 (95%CI:0.774-0.956, p<0.0001) respectively. The cut-off value of IL-6 was 25.69 pg/mL, the sensitivity was 95% and the specificity was 75.7%, while the cut-off value of PaO2/FiO2 was 167.79 mmHg, the sensitivity was 75.7% and the specificity was 85%.Conclusion: Clinicians should pay enough attention to IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2, especially when IL-6>25.69 pg/ml and PaO2/FiO2<167.79 mmHg, and take active intervention measures as early as possible.

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Risk factors for sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs): Updated results from a single-center case control study.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e14594 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e14594-e14594

Author(s):

Thorvardur Ragnar Halfdanarson ◽

William R Bamlet ◽

Robert R. McWilliams ◽

Timothy J. Hobday ◽

Patrick A. Burch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Smoking History ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Region Of Residence ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

History Of

e14594 Background: PNETs are uncommon malignancies and little is known about risk their factors and association with other cancers. Our aim was to evaluate smoking, alcohol use, personal history of diabetes and a family history of PNET and other cancers as potential risk factors. Methods: PNET cases seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester from 2000 to 2011 were evaluated. Insulinoma and high-grade PNETs were excluded. Primary care patients served as controls and were matched (2:1 ratio) to cases on age, sex and region of residence. Cases and controls completed questionnaires at the time of evaluation. Categorical variables were compared with the chi-square test; continuous variables were compared using a two-sample t test. Results: 355 cases were evaluated, mean age was 56.6 years, 52% were males and 96% were White. Personal smoking history was not associated with PNETs (cases 51%, controls 47%, p=0.24). Ever-alcohol use was less common among cases (54% vs. 67%, p=0.001). 19% of cases reported a history of diabetes compared with 11% of controls (p<0.001). Cases were more likely than controls to report a family member with sarcoma (p=0.02), PNET (p=0.024), gall bladder cancer (p=0.024), ovarian cancer (p=0.04) and stomach cancer (p=0.01). Conclusions: Cases with PNETs were more likely than controls to report a history of diabetes and less likely to report alcohol use. There was no association with smoking. Several types of cancer were more commonly reported in family members of cases than controls.

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Is serum creatinine mandatory prior to contrast ehanced computer tomography

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v8i1.23709 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10-13

Author(s):

Deepak Adhikari ◽

Rupesh Gautam ◽

Sweta Moktan ◽

Mukesh Mallik ◽

Mamita Sakhakarmi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Medical History ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Extra Cost ◽

Contrast Induced Nephropathy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Enhanced Computed Tomography

Introduction: Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) is an imaging technique to diagnose many clinical manifestations. Contrast media used in CECT can lead to contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). Hence, screening of serum creatinine (SCr) level prior to CECT is commonly practiced as it is considered to be an indicator for the risk of Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN). But, it adds up extra cost and also increases duration for investigation. The purpose of this study is to find out, if SCr screening can be skipped among certain group by medical history related to risk factors of CIN. Methodology: A total 250 patient SCr were obtained prior to CECT over period of 4 months between June 2016 to September 2016. Duplication in the samples was avoided. A survey of medical history regarding risk factors for CIN was taken in each case. Chi square test and odds ratio was applied for data analysis. Results: In this study 68% of total (250) patients were found to have normal SCr level without any risk factors for CIN and among 3% abnormal categorized patients (SCr ≥1.5mg/dl)) 71% (5 of 7) were identified with risk factors. Conclusions: The data suggests that screening SCr prior to CECT is significant only to those patients who acquire any of the identifiable risk factors for CIN. Those patients who are not identified with any of the associated risk factors, especially for renal disease, are not mandatory to obtain SCr value. This can reduce many challenges while checking patient’s creatinine status, such as patient’s booking delays, extra cost and time, additional pricking while taking blood sample. This practice can also increase the departmental throughput and efficiency of service.

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Analysis of Risk Factors with the Degree of Pelvic Organs Prolapse at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i4.366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 915-918

Author(s):

Hadrians Kesuma Putra ◽

Callista Zahra Aidi ◽

M. Zulkarnain

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽

General Hospital ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Pelvic Organ ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pelvic Organs ◽

Chi Square Test

Background. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition in which one or more pelvic organs (consisting of the uterus, vaginal cuff, bladder, intestines, and rectum) or more are still in or out of the vagina. Risk factors that influence the incidence of POP consist of obstetric risk factors (number of parity and birth method) and non-obstetric risk factors (age, menopause, BMI, comorbid disease, and hypertension). The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with the degree of POP. Methods. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach to 111 patients examined at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin general hospital Palembang on January 2017 to December 2019, who was diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse. Results. The results showed the effect of variables with the degree of POP using the chi-square test, consisting of parity (p=0.007), birth method (p=<0.001), age (p=0.016), menopause (p=0.001), BMI (p =0.005), indicates that there is a significant effect on the degree of POP. Meanwhile, comorbid factors (p=0.481) and hypertension (p=0.415) did not show a significant relationship with the degree of POP. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis of all risk factors, the number of parity >4, overweight, and age 40 years, will have a 99.85% chance of experiencing grade 3 or 4 prolapse. Conclusion. Age is the most dominant risk factor affecting the degree of pelvic organ prolapse, with 19 times the chance of developing POP 3 or 4 degrees.

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PROFILE OF EPILEPSY PATIENTS IN THE PEDIATRIC WARD AT DR. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL, SURABAYA IN THE PERIOD OF JANUARY-DECEMBER 2017

Majalah Biomorfologi ◽

10.20473/mbiom.v30i2.2020.40-44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Dewi Sekarsari ◽

Viskasari P. Kalanjati ◽

Abdulloh Machin ◽

Prastiya I. Gunawan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Hospital ◽

Febrile Seizure ◽

General Type ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pediatric Ward ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Various risk factors of epilepsy in children had been reported although differences were found amongst regions. Objective: To determine the differences in risk factors and type of epilepsy patients with febrile seizure history in children aged 0-17 years old at the Pediatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya in 2017. Material and method: This is a cross sectional retrospective study, using secondary data from medical records of epilepsy patients with febrile seizure history in children aged 0-17 years old at Pedicatric Ward, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya in the period of January-December 2017. Data analysis was done using t-test and the Chi-Square test (Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 22); level of significance was p<0.05. Result: Seventy-four male and 38 female patients were included. Febrile seizure history is observed in 42 patients and there was no significant difference between febrile seizure history and prevalence of epilepsy. The general type of seizure was found in 79 patients; mostly from Surabaya and the parents’ occupation is private employee. The most observed type of seizure is general type. Conclusion: In this study, epilepsy was predominance in males than females; and significantly more patients without febrile seizure history. General type of seizure is the most common type amongst others. These patients were mostly from Surabaya, with parents' occupation was private employees.

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Insomnia Prevalence among Italian Night-Shift Nurses

Nursing Reports ◽

10.3390/nursrep11030050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 530-535

Author(s):

Nicola Ielapi ◽

Michele Andreucci ◽

Umberto Marcello Bracale ◽

Davide Costa ◽

Egidio Bevacqua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Night Shift ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Web Based ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Northern Zone

Background. Insomnia is one of the major health problems related with a decrease in quality of life (QOL) and also in poor functioning in night-shift nurses, that also may negatively affect patients’ care. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia in night shift nurses. This observational online web-based survey using Google®® modules specifically aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for insomnia among Italian nurses. Methods. Data collection for this study lasted one month, with the questionnaire available from 1 March 2021 to 1 April 2021. Continuous variables were considered as either mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR) based on their distribution. Comparison among insomnia categories was assessed by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test according to variable distribution. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square test. Results. A total of 2355 responses were included in the final analysis, with 917 from the Northern zone, 815 from the Western zone, and 623 from the Southern zone of Italy. The prevalence of insomnia in the overall population was 65.4% (1524 out 2355 nurses suffered from insomnia). Conclusions. Nursing is a high-pressure profession, with heavy duties and high professional risks. We found an important prevalence of insomnia in night shift nurses, and we hope it may help to solicit further studies aimed to identify the risk factors for this working disorder among nurses.

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Sex, Knowledge, and Attitude of Stroke Survivors Attending Bebe Herbal Center on Risk Factors before and after Stroke

Stroke Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2021/6695522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Polycarp U. Nwoha ◽

Florence O. Okoro ◽

Emmanuel C. Nwoha ◽

Fidelia N. Chukwu ◽

Chidinma O. Nwoha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Before And After ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the extent stroke survivors who attended an herbal center knew of stroke risk factors and whether significant sex differences existed. Study Design. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2018 at Bebe Herbal Center, and it involved two well-trained assistants who interviewed 149 first-time stroke survivors after consent and ethical approval were obtained. The survivors self-reported their knowledge, attitude, and beliefs on risk factors before and after stroke. Statistical Analyses. Means of continuous variables were compared using Student’s unpaired t -test, while categorical variables between males and the females were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. P < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results. Mean age of men ( 64.81 ± 1.24 yrs ) was significantly higher than that of women ( 61.39 ± 1.42 yrs ) ( F = 0.096 , t = 1.79 , df = 147 ; P < 0.05 ). More men than women were 60 years and above while more women than men were below 60 years. Pearson’s chi-square test showed significant association of sex with education ( χ 2 = 12.31 ; df = 3 , P < 0.006 ), occupation ( χ 2 = 23.65 ; df = 4 , P < 0.001 ), alcohol intake ( χ 2 = 24.23 ; df = 1 ; P < 0.001 ), and smoking ( χ 2 = 9.823 ; df = 1 ; P < 0.001 ). The commonest risk factor suffered was hypertension (73.1%), followed by alcohol intake (59.1%), smoking (31.5%), and diabetes mellitus (26.7%); these affected men more than women. Male survivors unaware of their hypertensive status were more likely to have stroke than females, and age had a significant effect on the likelihood of developing a stroke; the same was occupation. Conclusions. These survivors suffered mainly from hypertension, triggered by psychosocial problems and diabetes mellitus; their stroke seemed fueled by unrecognized hypertension, unrecognized diabetes mellitus, ignorance of hyperlipidemia, and wide-scale belief in witchcraft as risk factor. Awareness programs in the third world should take these observations into consideration.

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Karakteristik pada Obesitas Berdasarkan Rentan Umur di Kelurahan Nganganaumala Kota Bau-Bau

Indonesian Journal of Health ◽

10.33368/inajoh.v0i0.23 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Armanto Makmun ◽

Indri Meliawati Radisu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

The Body ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Design Data ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Diet And Physical Activity ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship

Background and Purpose: Obesity is an imbalance in the amount of food intake compared toenergy expenditure carried out by the body. Some of the factors that cause obesity include lifestyle,diet, and physical activity. Obesity in adulthood has an impact on health, where weight gain andobesity are risk factors for increasing the incidence of non-communicable diseases. The purpose ofthis study was to determine the relationship between age vulnerability and the incidence of obesity.Methods: This study is a descriptive research design. Data collected using a questionnaire. The dataof this study were categorical variables from 2 groups so that it used the Chi-Square test. Referencesearch results are entered into the Mendeley app using the system Vancouver. Results: The totalsample size of 98 people with adolescence 11-19 years 7 people (7.1%), adults 20-60 years 88 people(89.8%), elderly> 60 years 3 people (3.2%) . Based on gender, it was found that 18 men (18.4%) and80 women 81.6%). And based on BMI, it was found that 19 people were underweight (19.4%), normal41 people (41.8%), overweight 12 people (12.2%), obese 1 23 people (23.5%), and obese 2 3 people(3.1%). Conclusion: There is no relationship between age susceptibility to obesity.

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