scholarly journals Acculturation of Halal Food to the American Food Culture through Immigration and Globalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Abdelhadi Halawa
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Muslim American ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThe purpose of this meta-analysis study is to examine the acculturation process of halal food to the American food culture. Further, is to determine the effects the acculturation of halal food on the consumer and food economy in the U.S. and globally. Irrespective of where a Muslim resides or travels to, consuming halal food is an obligatory religious dietary requirement for all Muslims worldwide. According to recent census estimates, there are nearly 3.3 million Muslims living in the U.S. This number represents nearly 1% of the total U.S. population. By 2050, this number will more than double. The U.S. is considered a melting pot of a mélange of many ethnic groups and is one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse countries in the world. Through both Muslims immigration to the U.S. and trade globalization, halal food was introduced to the American food culture. Migrant Muslims have not brought only their Islamic religious traditions to the U.S., but also their traditional halal food preparation, including butchering of animals for consumption, their distinct cooking styles, and other Islamic dietary practices. This paper offers an analysis of the process of acculturation and transition of halal food products to both the Muslim and non-Muslim American consumers. This paper further examines the impact of the burgeoning halal food economy on the U.S. food industry and its share of the growing global halal food economy. There a need for further research to study the long-term socioeconomic and environmental sustainability impact on growing global Muslim populations living in low-income counties.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Sustainability Labels on Willingness-to-Pay for Foods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Discrete Choice Experiments

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2677
Author(s):  
Anastasios Bastounis ◽  
John Buckell ◽  
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce ◽  
Brian Cook ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
The Impact

Food production is a major contributor to environmental damage. More environmentally sustainable foods could incur higher costs for consumers. In this review, we explore whether consumers are willing to pay (WTP) more for foods with environmental sustainability labels (‘ecolabels’). Six electronic databases were searched for experiments on consumers’ willingness to pay for ecolabelled food. Monetary values were converted to Purchasing Power Parity dollars and adjusted for country-specific inflation. Studies were meta-analysed and effect sizes with confidence intervals were calculated for the whole sample and for pre-specified subgroups defined as meat-dairy, seafood, and fruits-vegetables-nuts. Meta-regressions tested the role of label attributes and demographic characteristics on participants’ WTP. Forty-three discrete choice experiments (DCEs) with 41,777 participants were eligible for inclusion. Thirty-five DCEs (n = 35,725) had usable data for the meta-analysis. Participants were willing to pay a premium of 3.79 PPP$/kg (95%CI 2.7, 4.89, p ≤ 0.001) for ecolabelled foods. WTP was higher for organic labels compared to other labels. Women and people with lower levels of education expressed higher WTP. Ecolabels may increase consumers’ willingness to pay more for environmentally sustainable products and could be part of a strategy to encourage a transition to more sustainable diets.

scholarly journals Long-Term Growth in Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ilgaz ◽  
Alex Pinto ◽  
Hülya Gökmen-Özel ◽  
Julio César Rocha ◽  
Esther van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

There is an ongoing debate regarding the impact of phenylketonuria (PKU) and its treatment on growth. To date, evidence from studies is inconsistent, and data on the whole developmental period is limited. The primary aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet on long-term growth in patients with PKU. Four electronic databases were searched for articles published until September 2018. A total of 887 results were found, but only 13 articles met eligibility criteria. Only three studies had an adequate methodology for meta-analysis. Although the results indicate normal growth at birth and during infancy, children with PKU were significantly shorter and had lower weight for age than reference populations during the first four years of life. Impaired linear growth was observed until the end of adolescence in PKU. In contrast, growth impairment was not reported in patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia, not requiring dietary restriction. Current evidence indicates that even with advances in dietary treatments, “optimal” growth outcomes are not attained in PKU. The majority of studies include children born before 1990s, so further research is needed to show the effects of recent dietary practices on growth in PKU.

scholarly journals Dose-specific efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. GRIFFITHS ◽  
A. CLARK ◽  
B. GESSNER ◽  
A. MINERS ◽  
C. SANDERSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYGlobal coverage of infant Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination has increased considerably during the past decade, partly due to GAVI Alliance donations of the vaccine to low-income countries. In settings where large numbers of children receive only one or two vaccine doses rather than the recommended three doses, dose-specific efficacy estimates are needed to predict impact. The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine Hib vaccine efficacy against different clinical outcomes after receiving one, two or three doses of vaccine. Studies were eligible for inclusion if a prospective, controlled design had been used to evaluate commercially available Hib conjugate vaccines. Eight studies were included. Pooled vaccine efficacies against invasive Hib disease after one, two or three doses of vaccine were 59%, 92% and 93%, respectively. The meta-analysis provides robust estimates for use in decision-analytical models designed to predict the impact of Hib vaccine.

scholarly journals The Effect of Eviction on Maternal Criminal Justice Involvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311880896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Gottlieb ◽  
Jessica W. Moose
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Criminal Justice Involvement ◽  
States Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Millions of individuals in the United States experience eviction each year, with low-income women being particularly at risk. As a result, scholarship has increasingly sought to understand what the implications of eviction are for families. In this article, we build on this work by presenting the first estimates of the impact of eviction on criminal justice involvement for mothers in the U.S. context and examining three pathways that may help to explain these associations. Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, adjusted estimates suggest that mothers who have been evicted have more than two times higher odds of experiencing criminal justice involvement. When we differentiate by eviction timing, we find that both recent and less recent evictions are associated with criminal justice involvement. Last, we find that eviction indirectly affects criminal justice involvement through future financial hardship and substance use.

scholarly journals The impact of cash transfers on mental health in children and young people in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e004661
Author(s):  
Annie Zimmerman ◽  
Emily Garman ◽  
Mauricio Avendano-Pabon ◽  
Ricardo Araya ◽  
Sara Evans-Lacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionAlthough cash transfer programmes are not explicitly designed to improve mental health, by reducing poverty and improving the life chances of children and young people, they may also improve their mental health. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the evidence on the effectiveness of cash transfers to improve the mental health of children and young people in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsWe searched Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Scientific Electronic Library Online, ISI Web of Science and Social Sciences Citation Index and grey literature (from January 2000 to July 2020) for studies which quantitatively assessed the impact of cash transfers on mental health in young people (aged 0–24 years), using a design that incorporated a control group. We extracted Cohen’s d effects size and used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis on studies that measured depressive symptoms, I2 statistic and assessment of study quality.ResultsWe identified 12 116 articles for screening, of which 12 were included in the systematic review (covering 13 interventions) and seven in the meta-analysis assessing impact on depressive symptoms specifically. There was high heterogeneity (I2=95.2) and a high risk of bias (0.38, 95% CIs: −5.08 to 5.85; p=0.86) across studies. Eleven interventions (85%) showed a significant positive impact of cash transfers on at least one mental health outcome in children and young people. However, no study found a positive effect on all mental health outcomes examined, and the meta-analysis showed no impact of cash transfers on depressive symptoms (0.02, 95% CIs: −0.19 to 0.23; p=0.85).ConclusionCash transfers may have positive effects on some mental health outcomes for young people, with no negative effects identified. However, there is high heterogeneity across studies, with some interventions showing no effects. Our review highlights how the effect of cash transfers may vary by social and economic context, culture, design, conditionality and mental health outcome.

The Impact of Poverty in High-Risk Neonatal Care

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-356
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Neonatal Nursing ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Indian Mothers ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

RECOGNIZING THE NEED FOR PROFESSIONALS TO ADDRESS poverty and the needs of the poor, the Council of Science Editors challenged journals to publish a theme issue on poverty in the Fall of 2007. Neonatal Network:® The Journal of Neonatal Nursing was one of the many nursing journals that responded to this important call. (See the article on “Poverty as Context for the Parenting Experience of Low-Income Lumbee Indian Mothers with a Medically Fragile Infant” in the November/December, 2007 issue. Available online October 22, 2007.) This focus on poverty is important since millions of children live in poverty in the U.S.1 Furthermore, it has been suggested that professionals may cognitively distance themselves from the poor through ignoring their unique challenges and needs and by stereotyping them with negative beliefs about their characteristics and their behaviors.2

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF A NATIONAL CO2 TAX IN THE U.S. ACROSS INCOME CLASSES AND REGIONS: A MULTI-MODEL OVERVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1840004 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTIN CARON ◽  
JEFFERSON COLE ◽  
RICHARD GOETTLE ◽  
CHIKARA ONDA ◽  
JAMES MCFARLAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Economy ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Revenue Recycling ◽  
Capital Tax ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

This paper presents a multi-model assessment of the distributional impacts of carbon pricing. A set of harmonized representative CO2 taxes and tax revenue recycling schemes is implemented in five large-scale economy-wide general equilibrium models. Recycling schemes include various combinations of uniform transfers to households and labor and capital income tax reductions. Particular focus is put on equity — the distribution of impacts across household incomes — and efficiency, evaluated in terms of household welfare. Despite important differences in the assumptions underlying the models, we find general agreement regarding the ranking of recycling schemes in terms of both efficiency and equity. All models identify a clear trade-off between efficient but regressive capital tax reductions and progressive but costly uniform transfers to households; all agree upon the inferiority of labor tax reductions in terms of welfare efficiency; and all agree that different combinations of capital tax reductions and household transfers can be used to balance efficiency and distributional concerns. A subset of the models go further and find that equity concerns, particularly regarding the impact of the tax on low income households, can be alleviated without sacrificing much of the double-dividend benefits offered by capital tax rebates. There is, however, less agreement regarding the progressivity of CO2 taxation net of revenue recycling. Regionally, the models agree that abatement and welfare impacts will vary considerably across regions of the U.S. and generally agree on their broad geographical distribution. There is, however, little agreement regarding the regions which would profit more from the various recycling schemes.

scholarly journals Oxygen systems strengthening as an intervention to prevent childhood deaths due to pneumonia in low-resource settings: systematic review, meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e007468
Author(s):  
Felix Lam ◽  
Angela Stegmuller ◽  
Victoria B Chou ◽  
Hamish R Graham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesIncreasing access to oxygen services may improve outcomes among children with pneumonia living in low-resource settings. We conducted a systematic review to estimate the impact and cost-effectiveness of strengthening oxygen services in low-income and middle-income countries with the objective of including oxygen as an intervention in the Lives Saved Tool.DesignWe searched EMBASE and PubMed on 31 March 2021 using keywords and MeSH terms related to ‘oxygen’, ‘pneumonia’ and ‘child’ without restrictions on language or date. The risk of bias was assessed for all included studies using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies, and we assessed the overall certainty of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. Meta-analysis methods using random effects with inverse-variance weights was used to calculate a pooled OR and 95% CIs. Programme cost data were extracted from full study reports and correspondence with study authors, and we estimated cost-effectiveness in US dollar per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted.ResultsOur search identified 665 studies. Four studies were included in the review involving 75 hospitals and 34 485 study participants. We calculated a pooled OR of 0.52 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.70) in favour of oxygen systems reducing childhood pneumonia mortality. The median cost-effectiveness of oxygen systems strengthening was $US62 per DALY averted (range: US$44–US$225). We graded the risk of bias as moderate and the overall certainty of the evidence as low due to the non-randomised design of the studies.ConclusionOur findings suggest that strengthening oxygen systems is likely to reduce hospital-based pneumonia mortality and may be cost-effective in low-resource settings. Additional implementation trials using more rigorous designs are needed to strengthen the certainty in the effect estimate.

THE IMPACT OF LABOR MARKET REGULATION ON EMPLOYMENT IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES: A META-ANALYSIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi Nataraj ◽  
Francisco Perez-Arce ◽  
Krishna B. Kumar ◽  
Sinduja V. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Labor Market Regulation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of childhood malnutrition on mortality from pneumonia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e007411
Author(s):  
Amir Kirolos ◽  
Rachel M Blacow ◽  
Arun Parajuli ◽  
Nicky J Welton ◽  
Alisha Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionChildhood malnutrition is widespread in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and increases the frequency and severity of infections such as pneumonia. We aimed to identify studies investigating pneumonia deaths in malnourished children and estimate mortality risk by malnutrition severity.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health databases to identify relevant studies. We used a network meta-analysis to derive ORs of death from pneumonia for moderately and severely underweight children using low weight-for-age, the most reported measure of malnutrition. We compared meta-estimates of studies conducted before and after 2000 to assess changes in mortality risk over time. We estimated the prevalence of underweight hospitalised children from hospital-based cohort studies and calculated the population attributable fraction of in-hospital pneumonia deaths from being underweight using our results.ResultsOur network meta-analysis included 33 544 underweight children from 23 studies. The estimated OR of death from pneumonia was 2.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.6) and 4.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 5.9) for children moderately and severely underweight, respectively. The OR of death from pneumonia for those severely underweight was 5.3 (95% CI 3.9 to 7.4) pre-2000 and remained high post-2000 at 4.1 (95% CI 3.0 to 6.0). Prevalence of underweight children hospitalised with pneumonia varied (median 40.2%, range 19.6–66.3) but was high across many LMIC settings. We estimated a median 18.3% (range 10.8–34.6) and 40.9% (range 14.7–69.9) of in-hospital pneumonia deaths were attributable to being moderately and severely underweight, respectively.ConclusionsThe risk of death from childhood pneumonia dramatically increases with malnutrition severity. This risk has remained high in recent years with an estimated over half of in-hospital pneumonia deaths attributable to child malnutrition. Prevention and treatment of all child malnutrition must be prioritised to maintain progress on reducing pneumonia deaths.

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