scholarly journals Biodiesel synthesis from Pongamia Pinnata oil over modified CeO2 catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathgatta Zaheeruddin Mohamed Shamshuddin ◽  
Venkatesh -- ◽  
Manjunatha Shyamsundar ◽  
Vanagoor Thammannigowda Vasanth
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Surface Basicity ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

This study investigates the use of CeO<sub>2</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, MgO and CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>-MgO, CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>-MgO mixed oxides as solid base catalysts for the transesterification of Pongamia Pinnata oil with methanol to produce biodiesel.  SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>/CeO<sub>2 </sub>and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> were also prepared and used as solid acid catalysts for esterification of Pongamia pinnata oil (P-oil) to reduce the % of free fatty acid (FFA) in P-oil. These oxide catalysts were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by techniques such as NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD for surface acidity, CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD for surface basicity and powder X-ray diffraction for crystalinity.  The effect of nature of the catalyst, methanol to P-oil molar ratio and reaction time in esterification as well as in transesterification was investigated.  The catalytic materials were reactivated &amp; reused for five reaction cycles and the results showed that the ceria based catalysts have reasonably good reusability both in esterification and transesterification reaction.  The test results also revealed that the CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> modified with MgO could have potential for use in the large scale biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Silicate Produced from Corncobs as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Alwi Gery Agustan Siregar ◽  
Renita Manurung ◽  
Taslim Taslim
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

In this study, silica derived from corncobs impregnated with sodium hydroxide to obtain sodium silicate was calcined, prepared, and employed as a solid base catalyst for the conversion of oils to biodiesel. The catalyst was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the biodiesel products. The optimum catalyst conditions were calcination temperature of 400 °C for 2 h, catalyst loading of 2%, and methanol: oil molar ratio of 12:1 at 60 °C for 60 min, that resulted in a yield of 79.49%. The final product conforms to the selected biodiesel fuel properties of European standard (EN14214) specifications. Calcined corncob-derived sodium silicate showed high potential for use as a low-cost, high-performance, simple-to-prepare solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis.

scholarly journals PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CRUDE COCONUT SEEDS OIL USING CAO/AL2O3 AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Jamilu Usman ◽  
Bashar Abdullahi Hadi ◽  
Buhari Idris ◽  
Umar Musa Tanko ◽  
Bashar Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Animal Fats

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel derived from animal fats or vegetable oil through transesterification with methanol. Base catalyzed transesterification is the most commonly used technique as it is the most economical process. Presently, a lot of heterogeneous catalysts have been formulated that are more effective than the homogeneous catalysts. CaO/Al2O3 was synthesized using incipient wetness impregnation method. The biodiesel was developed and optimized using Box-behnken response surface methodology (RSM) design provided using MINITAP-17 statistical software. The four independent variables considered are: reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, reaction temperature and catalyst concentration. The response chosen was fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields which were obtained from the reaction. The result from analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a satisfactory result. Moreover, the input variables showed greater significance on the response which are reaction time and temperature base on F and P-value. The statistical models developed for predicting biodiesel yield revealed a significant agreement between the experimental and predicted values (R = 0.9686). An optimum methyl ester yield of 93.29 % was achieved with optimal conditions of methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, temperature of 600C, reaction time of 120 min and catalyst concentration of 1.0 wt%. The properties of the biodiesel produced also falls within the range prescribed by ASTM standard

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using K2CO3 Impregnated Kaolin Novel Solid Base Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayan Jalalmanesh ◽  
Mohammad Kazemeini ◽  
Mohamad Hosein Rahmani ◽  
Milad Zehtab Salmasi
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Optimum Reaction

<div><div><div><div><p>Kaolin clay material was loaded with potassium carbonate by impregnation method as a novel effective and economical heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production of sunflower oil via the transesterification reaction. The structural and chemical properties of the produced catalysts were analyzed by several characterization tests including the BET-BJH, XRD, SEM and FTIR. Influence of the K2CO3 impregnation level was examined by comparing the catalytic activity of different produced catalysts. To expand the efficiency of transesterification reaction, parameters of reaction were optimized including; the molar ratio between methanol and oil, concentration of catalyst, and duration of the reaction. The highest yield of biodiesel over the K2CO3/kaolin catalyst was around 95.3 ± 1.2%. It was achieved using kaolin supports impregnated with 20 wt.% of K2CO3. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be catalyst reactor loading of 5 wt.%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1 and reaction duration time of 4 h.</p></div></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using K2CO3 Impregnated Kaolin Novel Solid Base Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayan Jalalmanesh ◽  
Mohammad Kazemeini ◽  
Mohamad Hosein Rahmani ◽  
Milad Zehtab Salmasi
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Optimum Reaction

<div><div><div><div><p>Kaolin clay material was loaded with potassium carbonate by impregnation method as a novel effective and economical heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production of sunflower oil via the transesterification reaction. The structural and chemical properties of the produced catalysts were analyzed by several characterization tests including the BET-BJH, XRD, SEM and FTIR. Influence of the K2CO3 impregnation level was examined by comparing the catalytic activity of different produced catalysts. To expand the efficiency of transesterification reaction, parameters of reaction were optimized including; the molar ratio between methanol and oil, concentration of catalyst, and duration of the reaction. The highest yield of biodiesel over the K2CO3/kaolin catalyst was around 95.3 ± 1.2%. It was achieved using kaolin supports impregnated with 20 wt.% of K2CO3. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be catalyst reactor loading of 5 wt.%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1 and reaction duration time of 4 h.</p></div></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using K2CO3 Impregnated Kaolin Novel Solid Base Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayan Jalalmanesh ◽  
Mohammad Kazemeini ◽  
mohamad hosein rahmani ◽  
Milad Zehtab Salmasi
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Optimum Reaction

<div><div><div><div><p>Kaolin clay material was loaded with potassium carbonate by impregnation method as a novel effective and economical heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production of sunflower oil via the transesterification reaction. The structural and chemical properties of the produced catalysts were analyzed by several characterization tests including the BET-BJH, XRD, SEM and FTIR. Influence of the K2CO3 impregnation level was examined by comparing the catalytic activity of different produced catalysts. To expand the efficiency of transesterification reaction, parameters of reaction were optimized including; the molar ratio between methanol and oil, concentration of catalyst, and duration of the reaction. The highest yield of biodiesel over the K2CO3/kaolin catalyst was around 95.3 ± 1.2%. It was achieved using kaolin supports impregnated with 20 wt.% of K2CO3. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be catalyst reactor loading of 5 wt.%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1 and reaction duration time of 4 h.</p></div></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Novel Solid Base Catalyst Derived from Drinking Water Defluoridation for Biodiesel Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jharna Gupta ◽  
Madhu Agarwal ◽  
Ajay Kumar Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

In this study, a novel heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized from drinking water treatment sludge obtained during defluoridation in biodiesel production by transesterification. More specifically, the sludge was converted into an effective catalyst by calcination at 950 ºC for 3 h. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Hammett titration method, and ion exchange method. The catalyst had a basicity of 12.57 mmol/g and a basic strength of 9.8 < H <17.2. It showed good catalytic activity in biodiesel synthesis. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained was 89% for the following reaction conditions: catalyst loading of 4 wt%, a reaction temperature of 65 ºC, the methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, and reaction time of 3 h. Thus, it was found that harmful waste can be used as an effective solid base heterogeneous catalyst.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using K2CO3 Impregnated Kaolin Novel Solid Base Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayan Jalalmanesh ◽  
Mohammad Kazemeini ◽  
mohamad hosein rahmani ◽  
milad zehtab
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Optimum Reaction

<div><div><div><div><p>Kaolin clay material was loaded with potassium carbonate by impregnation method as a novel effective and economical heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production of sunflower oil via the transesterification reaction. The structural and chemical properties of the produced catalysts were analyzed by several characterization tests including the BET-BJH, XRD, SEM and FTIR. Influence of the K2CO3 impregnation level was examined by comparing the catalytic activity of different produced catalysts. To expand the efficiency of transesterification reaction, parameters of reaction were optimized including; the molar ratio between methanol and oil, concentration of catalyst, and duration of the reaction. The highest yield of biodiesel over the K2CO3/kaolin catalyst was around 95.3 ± 1.2%. It was achieved using kaolin supports impregnated with 20 wt.% of K2CO3. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be catalyst reactor loading of 5 wt.%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1 and reaction duration time of 4 h.</p></div></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using K2CO3 Impregnated Kaolin Novel Solid Base Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayan Jalalmanesh ◽  
Mohammad Kazemeini ◽  
mohamad hosein rahmani ◽  
milad zehtab
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Optimum Reaction

<div><div><div><div><p>Kaolin clay material was loaded with potassium carbonate by impregnation method as a novel effective and economical heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production of sunflower oil via the transesterification reaction. The structural and chemical properties of the produced catalysts were analyzed by several characterization tests including the BET-BJH, XRD, SEM and FTIR. Influence of the K2CO3 impregnation level was examined by comparing the catalytic activity of different produced catalysts. To expand the efficiency of transesterification reaction, parameters of reaction were optimized including; the molar ratio between methanol and oil, concentration of catalyst, and duration of the reaction. The highest yield of biodiesel over the K2CO3/kaolin catalyst was around 95.3 ± 1.2%. It was achieved using kaolin supports impregnated with 20 wt.% of K2CO3. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be catalyst reactor loading of 5 wt.%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol: oil molar ratio of 6:1 and reaction duration time of 4 h.</p></div></div></div></div>

Calcium Methoxide Synthesis from Quick Lime Using as Solid Catalyst in Refined Palm Oil Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warakom Suwanthai ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

In this research, calcium methoxide was synthesized as solid base catalyst from quick lime for biodiesel production. The catalyst was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection fourier transform (ATR-FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDX) to evaluate its performance. The transesterification of refined palm oil using calcium methoxide and the process parameters affecting the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content such as catalyst concentration, methanol:oil molar ratio and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that the FAME content at 97% was achieved within 3 h using 3 %wt catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol:oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The result of FAME suggested calcium methoxide was the promising solid catalyst for substitution of the conventional liquid catalyst.

scholarly journals Performance of novel dielectric barrier discharge reactor for biodiesel production from palm oil and ethanol

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Dafinah Ramadhani ◽  
Saphira Nurina Fakhri ◽  
Setijo Bismo
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

The disadvantages of conventional biodiesel synthesis trigger the birth of new biodiesel synthesis methods using the DBD plasma reactor. The conventional methods with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have significant constraints that the formation of glycerol compounds in large enough quantities that require considerable energy. The aim of present experiment is to design DBD non-thermal plasma reactor coaxial pipe type and to do its performance test in converting biodiesel The feed stock used are palm oil, ethanol, and argon gas as plasma carrier. Such a chemical reactor, this plasma reactor is also influenced by reaction kinetics and hydrodynamic factors. From this research, it can be seen that the optimum feed and gas flowrate being operated is 1.64 and 41.67 mL/s. The plasma reactor is used in the form of a quartz glass tube surrounded by a SS-314 spiral coil as an outer electrode. The applied operating conditions are 1 : 1 molar ratio of methanol/oil, ambient temperature of 28 - 30 °C, and pressure 1 bar. From this performance test, it is found that this plasma reactor can be used to synthesize biodiesel from palm oil and methanol without catalyst, no formation of soap, and minimal byproducts.

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