scholarly journals Production of Green Diesel From Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Through Hydrotreating Process by Using Zeolite Catalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zikri ◽  
Indah Puspita ◽  
Erlinawati ◽  
M Sutini PLAgus ◽  
PB Elbi Zalita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Green Diesel

Production of green diesel by thermal catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in a pilot plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A.P. da Mota ◽  
A.A. Mancio ◽  
D.E.L. Lhamas ◽  
D.H. de Abreu ◽  
M.S. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Green Diesel ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU REAKSI DAN RASIO MOL ASAM LINOLEAT DENGAN ISOPROPANOL PADA SINTESA PLASTISIZER ISOPROPIL LINOLEAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Nirwana ◽  
Irdoni HS ◽  
Joni Miharyono
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Additive Compound

Diversity of palm oil product in Indonesia is still limited, therefore it is needed to take an advantage of the development of downstream product of crude palm oil by esterification reaction. Esterification reaction is a reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol to form ester. One of the emerging downstream product fatty acid alkyl ester is plasticizer. Plasticizer is an additive compound added to polymer to improve flexibility and workability. The purpose of this research was conducted to study the effect of reaction time and mole ratio and identify product of plasticizers isopropyl linoleic. In this research, plasticizer was synthesized by esterification of linoleic acid and isopropanol, using activated natural zeolite catalyst. The process was done with a variation of reaction time (4, 6, and 8 hours) and mole ratio (1: 6, 1: 9, and 1:12), with reaction temperature at  80 °C,  stirring speed at 200 rpm and 15% of composition of linoleic acid based catalyst as fixed variables. From the analysis of the results showed that the esterification reaction time and mole ratio affect the product conversion. The best operating condition obtained  in this research was 4 hours of reaction time and 1:12 of mole ratio which resulted the conversion of reaction was 67.09%. Characteristics of plasticizer produced from this research were viscosity (at 20 °C) 2.405 to 2.803 mPa.s and Specific Gravity (at 20 °C) from 0.863 to 0.872.

Prospects for the Development of Green Gasoline and Green Diesel from Crude Palm Oil in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Agus Sugiyono ◽  
Ira Fitriana ◽  
Abdul Hamid Budiman ◽  
Agus Nurrohim
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Green Diesel ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Green Fuel

The Government of Indonesia is trying to reduce crude oil and oil fuel imports in order to minimize the balance of trade deficit through increasing utilization of biofuel. One of the options is to increase palm oil production to be processed into biofuel which can be utilized domestically. Crude palm oil (CPO) production is expected to continue to increase and is prospective to be used as a feedstock for making green gasoline and green diesel. Green gasoline production through catalytic cracking process while producing green diesel through hydrotreating process. The development of green fuel (green gasoline and green diesel) is technically possible and prospective. Production of green gasoline and green diesel by 2020 will be able to reduce import of gasoline and diesel oil by 8.9% and 31.8% respectively. Green fuel is only effective in reducing the import value of gasoline and diesel in the period 2025-2040 because there are constraints on the availability of CPO. Production of green diesel and green gasoline can reduce fuel imports so that it indirectly increases energy security. The development of the green diesel and green gasoline industry requires a clear and gradual grand strategy from the government so that feedstock needs will not interfere with food needs.

The Analysis of Potential of Straw Mushroom Development by Using Empty Fruit Bunches Material in Lampung Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarono Sarono
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Straw Mushroom

The empty fruit bunches (EFB) are by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) production, and it is not widely used optimally. One of products produced from EFB with development potentials is straw mushroom. The objective of this research was to analyze the potentials of EFB material and straw mushroom based on EFB material in Lampung province. The result showed that the EFB potential in Lampung province was 111,144 ton annually and straw mushroom was 4,835 ton annually. The biology efficiency ratio of EFB into straw mushroom in production scale was averagely 3.93%. Districts having potentials for developing straw mushroom business by using EFB material were Mesuji, Middle Lampung, Tulang Bawang, Way Kanan, and North Lampung.

EFFECTIVE CROSS HEDGING: EVIDENCE FROM PHYSICAL CRUDE PALM OIL AND ITS INTER-RELATED AGRICULTURAL FUTURES CONTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Noryati Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Danial Zainudin ◽  
Fahmi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Catherine S F Ho
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Futures Contracts ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Futures ◽  
Futures Contract ◽  
Agricultural Futures ◽  
Cross Hedging ◽  
Optimal Hedge ◽  
Excessive Speculation ◽  
Chicago Board Of Trade

Since its establishment, Crude Palm Oil futures contract (FCPO) has been used to directly hedge its physical crude palm oil (CPO). However, due to the excessive speculation activities on crude palm oil futures market, it has been said to be no longer an effective hedging tool to mitigate the price risk of its underlying physical market. This triggers the need for market players to find possible alternatives to ensure that the hedging role can be executed effectively. Thus this investigation attempts to examine whether other inter-related grains and oil seed futures contracts could serve as effective cross-hedging mechanisms for the CPO. Weekly data of inter-related futures contracts from Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE) are employed to cross hedge the physical crude palm oil prices. The study starts from 2006 until 2016. Empirical results indicate that FCPO is still the best futures contract for hedging purposes while Chicago Soybean (CBOTBO) provides second best alternative if cross-hedging is considered. Keywords: Crude palm oil, Crude palm oil futures, Cross Hedging, Optimal Hedge Ratio, Effective Hedging

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN UNIVARIATE AND BIVARIATE TIME SERIES MODELS FOR CRUDE PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Pauline Jin Wee Mah ◽  
Nur Nadhirah Nanyan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Univariate Time Series ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Bivariate Time Series

The main purpose of this study is to compare the performances of univariate and bivariate models on four time series variables of the crude palm oil industry in Peninsular Malaysia. The monthly data for the four variables, which are the crude palm oil production, price, import and export, were obtained from Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) and Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC). In the first part of this study, univariate time series models, namely, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), fractionally integrated autoregressive moving average (ARFIMA) and autoregressive autoregressive (ARAR) algorithm were used for modelling and forecasting purposes. Subsequently, the dependence between any two of the four variables were checked using the residuals’ sample cross correlation functions before modelling the bivariate time series. In order to model the bivariate time series and make prediction, the transfer function models were used. The forecast accuracy criteria used to evaluate the performances of the models were the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results of the univariate time series showed that the best model for predicting the production was ARIMA  while the ARAR algorithm were the best forecast models for predicting both the import and export of crude palm oil. However, ARIMA  appeared to be the best forecast model for price based on the MAE and MAPE values while ARFIMA  emerged the best model based on the RMSE value.  When considering bivariate time series models, the production was dependent on import while the export was dependent on either price or import. The results showed that the bivariate models had better performance compared to the univariate models for production and export of crude palm oil based on the forecast accuracy criteria used.

PEMANFAATAN CPO ASAM LEMAK BEBAS TINGGI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulaicha Dwi Hastuti ◽  
Dwi Husodo Prasetyo ◽  
Erlan Rosyadi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Plant Oil

Asam lemak bebas (alb) dalam Crude Palm Oil (CPO) merupakan salah satu parameter kualitas CPO.Munculnya asamlemak bebas ini dapat berasal dari faktor pemanenan dan penyimpanan. Asamlemak bebas yang tinggi dalam CPO dapat menurunkan harga CPO. Minyak mentah sawit inimerupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang diolah, antara lain, menjadi pure plant oil (PPO)dan biodiesel. Namun,masalah utama CPO sebagai bahan baku PPO dan biodiesel adalah asamlemak bebas. Asam lemak bebas dalam CPO yang dapat digunakan untuk PPO dan biodiesel tidakboleh lebih dari 1%. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan usaha untuk menurunkan asamlemak bebas dalam CPO sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar. Metoda yang digunakanadalah esterifikasi. Asam lemak bebas dikonversi menjadi metil ester. Campuran metil ester dengantrigliserida ini merupakan bahan bakar yang dapat digunakan untuk pengganti BBM. Kondisi yangoptimal untuk proses esterifikasi CPO alb tinggi adalah sebagai berikut : suhu 65oC, waktu 360 menit,katalis 0,25%, dan perbandingan mol metanol 8:1. Dengan proses ini, asam lemak bebas dapatditurunkan menjadi 2,76% (konversi 89,39%). Pada kondisi yang sama dengan katalis yangditingkatkan menjadi 0,5%, asam lemak bebas dapat diturunkan menjadi 1,86% (konversi 92,85%).Pada kondisi yang sama, dengan katalis yang ditingkatkan menjadi 1%, asam lemak bebas dapatditurunkan menjadi 1,75% (konversi 93,28%).Kata kunci: asam lemak bebas, CPO, esterifikasi, PPO, biodiesel

DAYA SAING EKSPOR PRODUK CPO INDONESIA DAN POTENSI HILIRISASI DIOLAH MENJADI BIODIESEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danar Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Market ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
A Value ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Domestic Use

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the world's largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO). Even so, the trend of international trade in Indonesian CPO products has decreased in the last 10 years with a value of -10.19%. The decline in world demand for CPO can be dealt with by utilizing CPO as a biofuel for domestic use, like biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO in global trade and determine the parameters of the quality requirements of CPO and biodiesel. The competitiveness analysis method uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, while the analysis of the potential quality of CPO as a biofuel is carried out by analyzing the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). CPO trade in the global market is controlled by Indonesia with a market share of 50% and Malaysia 25.6%, with the declining trade trend in the last 10 years relatively (2010-2019) of -6.91%. The level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO products in 2019 is very strong, but on average in the last 10 years, the level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO is no better than that of Malaysia. Indonesia has SNI 01-2901-2006 and SNI 7182: 2015 as a determinant of the quality of CPO and biodiesel products developed in Indonesia so that the CPO and biodiesel produced fullfil sacurity and safety aspects when used by consumers.Keywords: crude palm oil (CPO), competitivenessv, quality, Indonesian National Standard (SNI) ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen minyak kelapa sawit mentah/ Crude Palm Oil (CPO) terbesar di dunia. Meskipun demikian, tren perdagangan internasional produk CPO Indonesia mengalami penurunan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir dengan nilai -10,19%. Penurunan permintaan dunia terhadap CPO, dapat disiasati dengan memanfaatkan CPO sebagai bahan bakar nabati untuk keperluan dalam negeri sebagai biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya saing CPO Indonesia dalam perdagangan global dan mengetahui parameter persyaratan mutu CPO dan biodiesel. Metode analisis daya saing menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), sedangkan analisis potensi kualitas CPO sebagai biofuel dilakukan dengan menganalisis Standar Nasional Indoensia (SNI). Perdagangan CPO dalam pasar global dikuasai oleh Indonesia dengan pangsa pasar 50% dan Malaysia 25,6%, dengan tren perdagangan relatif menurun dalam 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2019) sebesar -6,91%. Tingkat daya saing produk CPO Indonesia pada tahun 2019 sangat kuat, namun secara rata-rata dalam 10 tahun terakhir, tingkat daya saing CPO Indonesia tidak lebih baik dari Malaysia. Indonesia memiliki SNI 01-2901-2006 dan SNI 7182:2015 sebagai penentu kualitas produk CPO dan biodiesel yang dikembangkan di Indonesia, sehingga CPO dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi aspek keamanan dan keselamatan ketika digunakan oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: crude palm oil (CPO), daya saing, kualitas, Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)

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