scholarly journals A fuzzy definition of the spatial relation “surround” - Application to complex shapes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Vanegas ◽  
Isabelle Bloch ◽  
Jordi Inglada
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Definition Of

Emerging Technology in Fitness-for-Service Assessment of Crack-Like Flaws

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Reference Stress ◽  
Future Edition ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Constraint Effects ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Flaw Shape

Abstract This paper describes several recent advances in crack assessment technology that have been or will be incorporated into the API 579 fitness-for-service standard. Four technology areas are addressed herein: • Stress intensity factor solutions. The 2016 edition of API 579 contains an extensive library of stress intensity solutions inferred from 3D finite element analysis. • A new equation for fitting elastic-plastic J solutions. A parametric equation that captures the elastic, fully-plastic and contained-yielding regimes of deformation provides an alternative definition of reference stress in the failure assessment diagram (FAD) method. • An enhanced constraint adjustment. A future edition of API 579 will include an improved version of the Wallin methodology for shifting the Master Curve reference temperature to account for constraint effects. • A procedure to account for non-ideal crack profiles. Most crack assessment methods assume an idealized flaw shape such as semi-elliptical, but many real-world flaws have complex shapes.

Optimizing Cutting Planes for Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Massoni ◽  
Matthew I. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cutting Planes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Manufacturing Alternatives

While additive manufacturing allows more complex shapes than conventional manufacturing processes, there is a clear benefit in leveraging both new and old processes in the definition of new parts. For example, one could create complex part shapes where the main “body” is defined by extrusion and machining, while small protruding features are defined by additive manufacturing. This paper looks at how optimization and geometric reasoning can be combined to identify optimal separation planes within a complex three-dimensional shapes. These separations indicate the joining processes in reverse. The optimization method presents possible manufacturing alternatives to an engineering designer where optimality is defined as a minimization of cost. The process identifies the cutting planes as well as the combination of processes required to join the individual parts together. The paper presents several examples of complex shapes and describes how the optimization finds the optimal results.

scholarly journals Review of the Hard-Facing Technology Application for Reparation of the Given Parts in Various Branches of Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Vukić Lazić ◽  
Dušan Arsić ◽  
Milan Mutavdžić ◽  
Ružica Nikolić ◽  
Jozef Meško ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filler Metal ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper deals with the problem of defining the optimal procedure for reparation of the machine parts of large dimensions and complex shapes. The procedure consists of establishing the causes of the part's damages, definition of the reparation technology, with selection of its parameters and ways of execution. The reparation is done by hard-facing, with heat treatment that consists of preheating, additional heating and the post hard-facing tempering. The process parameters' selection includes choosing the right filler metal(s), ways and order of depositing the hard-faced layers, ways of reaching and maintaining the preheating temperatures, checking of the base metal's chemical composition and mechanical properties and deciding on the post-process heat and mechanical processing of the executed hard-facing. The executed reparation of the forging hammer's mallet, presented in details, serves as an example how the reparation can successfully serve as a substitute for procuring the new part and thus producing the savings both directly in lower costs and indirectly in shortening the down-time of the damaged part operation.

scholarly journals Towards Recognition of Spatial Relations between Entities for Polish

2016 ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Mirosław Marcińczuk ◽  
Marcin Oleksy ◽  
Jan Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Spatial Expressions ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Definition Of

Towards Recognition of Spatial Relations between Entities for PolishIn this paper, the problem of spatial relation recognition in Polish is examined. We present the different ways of distributing spatial information throughout a sentence by reviewing the lexical and grammatical signals of various relations between objects. We focus on the spatial usage of prepositions and their meaning, determined by the ‘conceptual’ schemes they constitute. We also discuss the feasibility of a comprehensive recognition of spatial relations between objects expressed in different ways by reviewing the existing tools and resources for text processing in Polish. As a result, we propose a heuristic method for the recognition of spatial relations expressed in various phrase structures called spatial expressions. We propose a definition of spatial expressions by taking into account the limitations of the available tools for the Polish language. A set of rules is used to generate candidates of spatial expressions which are later tested against a set of semantic constraints.The results of our work on recognition of spatial expressions in Polish texts were partially presented in (Marcińczuk, Oleksy, & Wieczorek, 2016). In that paper we focused on a detailed analysis of errors obtained using a set of basic morphosyntactic patterns for generating spatial expression candidates - we identified and described the most common sources of errors, i.e. incorrectly recognized or unrecognized expressions. In this paper we focused mainly on the preliminary stages of spatial expression recognition. We presented an extensive review on how the spatial information can be encoded in the text, types of spatial triggers in Polish and a detailed evaluation of morphosyntactic patterns which can be used to generate spatial expression candidates. Rozpoznawanie relacji przestrzennych między obiektami fizycznymi w języku polskimArtykuł dotyczy zagadnienia rozpoznawania relacji przestrzennych w języku polskim. Autorzy przedstawili różne sposoby przekazywania w tekstach informacji na temat relacji przestrzennych między obiektami fizycznymi, uwzględniając sygnały o charakterze leksykalnym i gramatycznym. Istotną częścią artykułu jest omówienie znaczenia przyimków użytych w celu wyrażenia relacji przestrzennych. Znaczenie to kształtowane jest przez schematy konceptualne współtworzone przez poszczególne przyimki. Omówiono również możliwości kompleksowego rozpoznawania relacji przestrzennych wyrażonych za pomocą różnych środków językowych. Służy temu przegląd istniejących zasobów i narzędzi przetwarzania języka polskiego.Jako rezultat autorzy proponują heurystyczną metodę rozpoznawania relacji przestrzennych realizowanych językowo za pomocą struktur składniowych określonych jako wyrażenia przestrzenne. W artykule zaprezentowano definicję wyrażeń przestrzennych uwzględniającą specyfikę narzędzi dostępnych do przetwarzania języka polskiego. Zestaw reguł składniowych umożliwia wytypowanie fraz – kandydatów kwalifikujących się jako wyrażenia przestrzenne, które następnie zostają porównane z adekwatnym zestawem ograniczeń semantycznych.

Fluid-inclusion petrography in calcite stalagmites: Implications for entrapment processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1206-1226
Author(s):  
Maialen Lopez-Elorza ◽  
Maria Belén Muñoz-García ◽  
Laura González-Acebrón ◽  
Javier Martín-Chivelet
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Primary Fluid ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Secondary Fluid

ABSTRACT Fluids trapped in speleothems have an enormous potential in frontier fields of paleoclimate and paleohydrological research. This potential is, however, hampered by diverse scientific and technical limitations, among which the lack of a systematic methodology for genetically characterizing fluid inclusions is a major one, as these can have different origins, and thus, the trapped fluid (usually water), different meanings. In this work, we propose a systematic petrological classification of fluid inclusions, based on: 1) the temporal relation between fluid inclusions and the host calcite, 2) the spatial relation between fluid inclusions and the “crystallites” and crystals aggregates, and 3) the phases (water, air) trapped inside fluid inclusions. The first criterion allows dividing fluid inclusions in two main categories: primary and secondary, whose identification is critical in any research based on trapped fluids. The other two criteria allow the definition of eight types of primary and four types of secondary fluid inclusions. Primary fluid inclusions contain the drip water that fed stalagmites at the time of crystal growth, and can be intercrystalline, i.e., located between adjacent crystallites, or intracrystalline, i.e., with the fluid trapped within crystallites. We differentiate six main types among the intercrystalline fluid inclusions (elongate, thorn-shaped, down-arrow, interbranch, macro-elongate, and bucket) and other two among intracrystalline inclusions (pyriform and boudin). In primary inclusions, water is the main phase, while gas is much less abundant. The presence of gas could be related to slow drip rates or degassing in the cave, but also to later leakage due to changes in temperature and humidity often occurring during inadequate handling of speleothem samples. Secondary fluid inclusions were clearly related to younger water inlet through stratigraphic disruptions or unconformities. They are formed after water infiltration, but sealed before the renewed crystal growth. We differentiate four main types of secondary inclusions: interconnected, rounded, triangular, and vertical fluid inclusions. The identification of primary and secondary fluid inclusions in speleothems is a key for interpretation in paleoclimate studies. Integration of petrological results allow establishment of three different genetic scenarios for the formation of fluid inclusions, whose identification can be relevant because of their predictive character.

Optimizing Cutting Planes for Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Massoni ◽  
Matthew I. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Cutting Planes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Linear Friction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Manufacturing Alternatives

While additive manufacturing allows more complex shapes than conventional manufacturing processes, there is a clear benefit in leveraging both new and old processes in the definition of metal parts. For example, one could create complex part shapes where the main “body” is defined by extrusion and machining, while small protruding features are defined by additive manufacturing. This paper looks at how optimization and geometric reasoning can be combined to identify cutting planes within complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes. These cutting planes are used to divide realistic mechanical parts into subparts that can be joined together through additive manufacturing or linear friction welding (LFW). The optimization method presents possible manufacturing alternatives to an engineering designer where optimality is defined as a minimization of cost. The paper presents and compares several cutting planes identification methods and describes how the optimization finds the optimal results for several example parts.

scholarly journals Constructive Variants for Personalised Formwork

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diaconu Raluca
Keyword(s):  
Contact Surface ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of working with a personalized reusable composite formwork in order to obtain architectural shapes for roof and wall elements without material loss. Starting with the analysis of the market needs, the definition of the functions and continuing with the conceptual and technical solution proposals, we created a formwork variant that can be reused for different complex shapes. The researches set on sight different variations of the material used, their thickness and the contact surface given by the support elements.

Karrāmiyya

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Zysow
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Divine Action ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The background for the emergence in the third/ninth century of the Karrāmiyya as an intellectually aggressive form of traditionism lies in the strongly Ḥanafī anti-Jahmī milieu of the Eastern Islamic world. Although they never played a major role in the history of Islamic theology comparable to that of their rivals the Mu`tazilīs, Ash`arites, and Māturīdīs, the Karrāmiyya did leave indelible traces in theological literature by virtue of their vigorous and elaborate defence of a number of controversial teachings. These include their definition of faith (īmān) exclusively in terms of a verbal profession, their assertion, likely under Stoic influence, that God is corporeal and stands in a spatial relation to his throne, and their analysis of divine action as necessarily involving a process within God that others saw as undermining God’s immutability and timelessness.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

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