scholarly journals Measuring the Effectiveness of Gross Split System in Production Sharing Contract as Form of Nation Energy Sovereignty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudho Taruno Muryanto
Keyword(s):  
Production Sharing ◽  
Split System

PENERAPAN ASAS ITIKAD BAIK TERHADAP KONTRAK BAGI HASIL DENGAN SISTEM COST RECOVERY DAN GROSS SPLIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ayu Sundari ◽  
Yudho Taruno Muryanto
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Cost Recovery ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Split System

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to find out the urgency of implementing good faith principles in Product Sharing Contracts with Cost Recovery systems and Gross Split. This study is based on the results of the study of descriptive normative law. The type of data used is in the form of secondary data obtained by data collection techniques in the form of library studies, which are then analyzed by implementing systematic legal interpretation. Systematic means, classifies the written legal materials, to facilitate analysis and construction work. The results of this study show the urgency of implementing the good faith principle for Production Sharing Contracts, both with the Cost Recovery system and the Gross Split system, to create fair value which is a reflection of the principle of good faith in dividing the percentage of the contract value. the principle in the Production Sharing Contract both with the Cost Recovery and Gross Split systems can provide a large income for both parties and no party is disadvantaged in the Production Sharing Contract.<br />Keywords: Production Sharing Contracts; Cost Recovery; Gross Split; Principle of Good Faith.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui urgensi penerapan asas itikad baik dalam Kontrak Bagi Hasil (Product Sharing Contract) dengan sistem Cost Recovery dan Gross Split. Kajian ini didasarkan atas hasil kajian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan, yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan melaksanakan penafsiran hukum secara sistematis. Sistematis berarti, membuat klasifikasi tehadap bahan-bahan hukum tertulis tersebut, untuk memudahkan kerja analisa dan konstruksi. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukan urgensi dari penerapan asas itikad baik terhadap Kontrak Bagi Hasil, baik dengan sistem Cost Recovery, maupun dengan sistem Gross Split yaitu untuk menciptakan nilai keadilan yang merupakan cerminan dari asas itikad baik dalam pembagian persentase dari nilai kontrak tersebut, sehingga dengan diterapkannya asas tersebut dalam Kontrak Bagi Hasil baik dengan sistem Cost Recovery maupun Gross Split dapat memberikan pemasukan yang besar bagi kedua belah pihak dan tidak ada pihak yang dirugikan dalam Kontrak Bagi Hasil.<br />Kata Kunci: Kontrak Bagi Hasil; Cost Recovery; Gross Split; Asas Itikad Baik.</p>

Minerals as an object of accounting and economic security of the oil and gas company implementing the production sharing agreement

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1291-1312
Author(s):  
N.V. Zyleva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Mineral Reserves ◽  
Economic Risks

Subject. This article discusses the practice of ensuring the economic security of oil and gas companies operating under the terms of production sharing agreements, where minerals are the object of security. Objectives. The article aims to justify the need to apply professional judgment in the organization of reliable accounting of minerals, explored and extracted under the terms of the production sharing agreement implementation, to avoid various risks to the entity's economic security. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of deduction and modeling. Results. The article presents proposals to arrange accounting of intangible exploration assets (geological information on mineral reserves) and finished products (the part of the extracted minerals owned by the investor and the part owned by the State). Conclusions. As strategic minerals, oil and gas are the targets of various economic risks. Professionals familiar with the specifics of accounting operations in the implementation of the production sharing agreement should be prepared to prevent these risks. The results obtained can be used to design accounting policies and develop local regulations on the tasks and functions of the economic security service of the organization implementing the production sharing agreement.

Robust augmented H∞ shift control strategy for power-split system with a two-speed AMT gearbox of a heavy commercial vehicle

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702097709
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Zeng ◽  
Zhenwei Wang ◽  
Dafeng Song ◽  
Dongpo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Shift Control ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Heavy Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Split System

The coordination control of a transmission system has gradually attracted more attention with the development of hybrid electric vehicles. However, nonlinear coupling of multiple power sources, superposition of different dynamic characteristics in multiple components, and withdrawal and intervention for a power-split powertrain with a two-speed automated manual transmission (AMT) gearbox can cause jerk and vibration of the transmission system during the shift, which has higher requirements and challenges for the overall performance improvement of the system. This paper designs a novel, robust, augmented H∞ shift control strategy for a power-split system with a two-speed AMT gearbox of a heavy commercial vehicle and verifies the strategy’s effectiveness with simulations and experiments. First, the dynamic plant model and kinetic equations are established, and the shift is divided into five stages to clearly reveal the jerk and vibration problem. Based on augmented theory, a robust H∞ shift control strategy is proposed. Shift coordination is transformed into a speed tracking problem, and state variable and disturbance are reconstructed to obtain a new augmented system. Simulation and hardware-in-the-loop test are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the strategy, which mainly includes simulation of pneumatic actuator and H∞ control strategy. Results show that the proposed H∞ control strategy can greatly reduce the jerk of the transmission system. The jerk produced by the proposed strategy is decreased from 20.4 to 4.07 m/s3, leading to a substantial improvement of 80%. Therefore, the proposed strategy may offer a theoretical reference for the actual vehicle controller during the shift.

scholarly journals Global production networks and the evolution of industrial capabilities: does production sharing warp the product space?

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-747
Author(s):  
Russell Thomson ◽  
Prema-Chandra Athukorala
Keyword(s):  
Product Space ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
Space Approach

Abstract Do production capabilities of countries evolve from existing capabilities or emerge de novo? The Product Space approach developed by Hidalgo, Klinger, Barabási and Hausmann postulates that a country’s existing industrial structure largely determines its opportunities for industrial upgrading. However, this is difficult to reconcile with the export dynamism of many developing countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, Costa Rica and Vietnam that transformed from primary commodity dependence to exporters of dynamic manufactured products. In each of these cases, global production sharing facilitated industrial transition. In this article, we advance the Product Space approach to accommodate the role of global production sharing. Using a newly constructed multi-country data set of manufacturing exports that distinguishes between trade within global production networks and traditional horizontal trade, we find that that existing industrial structure has a smaller impact, but trade openness has a greater impact, on industrial upgrading within vertically integrated global industries.

scholarly journals Splitting least squares and collocation procedures for two-point boundary value problems

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-193
Author(s):  
John Locker ◽  
P. M. Prenter
Keyword(s):  
Linear System ◽  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Linear Operators ◽  
Point Boundary ◽  
System Error ◽  
Densely Defined ◽  
Split System

AbstractLet L, T, S, and R be closed densely defined linear operators from a Hubert space X into X where L can be factored as L = TS + R. The equation Lu = f is equivalent to the linear system Tv + Ru = f and Su = v. If Lu = f is a two-point boundary value problem, numerical solution of the split system admits cruder approximations than the unsplit equations. This paper develops the theory of such splittings together with the theory of the Methods of Least Squares and of Collocation for the split system. Error estimates in both L2 and L∞ norms are obtained for both methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document