Aggregate Efficiency Dynamics in Lithuanian Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Tomas Balezentis ◽  
Giannis Karagiannis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Covariance Term ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Decision Making Units

In this paper, we attempt to identify the major groups of decision making units (dairy farms) contributing to the aggregate efficiency change. We also suggest identifying influential peers in order to gain more insights into possible development strategies within a sector. The empirical application focuses on specialist dairy farms in Lithuania. The farm-level data cover the period 2004-2016. The results indicate the presence of structural changes and resulting shifts in the aggregate efficiency. Based on the results of decomposition of the covariance term and identification of the influential peers, two models can be followed by Lithuanian dairy farms, namely “pure” family farms with lower operational scale and large farms involving hired labour.

scholarly journals US Agriculture in the Past 30 Years: Structural Changes

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alla Korotkikh
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Additional Labor

Over the past 30 years, a series of inter-related changes in land-use pattern, business arrangements, farm structure, and production practices combined to expand output without increasing the use of total inputs. Moreover, by allowing farmers to increase U.S. agricultural production through increased productivity instead of expanded land and chemical use, many of these innovations helped to limit the impact of agricultural production on the environment. Meanwhile, new technologies (such as precision agriculture) have required additional labor use, a differentiated approach to the specialization of production, and stimulated the concentration of resources, capital and efforts on the production of certain products, which allowed some farmers to increase the size of their operations. As a result, the number of large farms increased 8 times, and their share in the country's agricultural production increased to 62%. Although production has shifted dramatically to larger farms, 97 percent of all farms remain family farms, generating 82 percent of the total value of U.S. agricultural production.  

scholarly journals Productivity change in Lithuanian family farms with the sequential technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Tomas Baležentis
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale ◽  
Decision Making Units

The sequential Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index was employed to assess the sources of changes in the total factor productivity in Lithuanian family farms. The research sample encompasses 200 family farms reporting to the Farm Accountancy data Network. The sequential Malmquist-Luenberger index was decomposed by taking into account scale efficiency change and variable returns to scale technology. The obtained efficiency scores suggest that years 2006 and 2009 were those of the most inefficient farming activity. Analysis of the scale efficiency scores suggested that the mixed farming should expand its operation scale in order to maintain the economic viability and competitiveness. The sequential Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index suggested that the TFP had decreased by some 2.9% throughout 2004–2009. The technical change component stagnated in 2009, yet remained the most important factor of TFP growth accounting for increase of some 14% during 2004–2009. The decreasing pure technical efficiency, however, reduced the TFP by 16%. The scale efficiency change did not play an important role. Innovative decision making units – family farms – were identified in terms of distance function and productivity index values.

Relative Efficiency of Decision Making Units Producing Both Desirable and Undesirable Outputs: A Case of Textile Processing Units in Pakistan.

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4II) ◽  
pp. 685-698
Author(s):  
Samina Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Desirable And Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Decision Making Units

This paper aims at measuring the relative efficiency of the most polluting industry in terms of water pollution in Pakistan. The textile processing is country‘s leading sub sector in textile manufacturing with regard to value added production, export, employment, and foreign exchange earnings. The data envelopment analysis technique is employed to estimate the relative efficiency of decision making units that uses several inputs to produce desirable and undesirable outputs. The efficiency scores of all manufacturing units exhibit the environmental consciousness of few producers is which may be due to state regulations to control pollution but overall the situation is far from satisfactory. Effective measures and instruments are still needed to check the rising pollution levels in water resources discharged by textile processing industry of the country. JEL classification: L67, Q53 Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Decision Making Unit (DMU), Relative Efficiency, Undesirable Output

What do new neuroscience discoveries in children mean for their open future?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl D. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Open Future ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Pediatric Ethics ◽  
Pediatric Decision Making ◽  
New Research ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare

Over the last decade, the number of neuroimaging and other neuroscience studies on the developing brain from fetal life through adolescence has increased exponentially. Children are viewed as particularly vulnerable members of our society and observations of significant neural structural changes associated with behavioral anomalies raise numerous ethical concerns around personal identity, free will, and the possibility of an open future. This chapter provides a review of recent research in the pediatric neuroscience literature, common pediatric decision-making, and social justice models, and discusses the implications of this research for the future of pediatric ethics thinking and policy. New research presents challenges to professional and pediatric bioethicist views of the moral future of children in pediatric healthcare and opportunities to examine anew notions of how to consider the developing moral agency of children.

scholarly journals Teaching and Learning Process of Decision-Making Units in Talented Young Players From U-10 to U-14

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Pastor-Vicedo ◽  
Alejandro Prieto-Ayuso ◽  
Onofre Ricardo Contreras-Jordán ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Decision Making Units

Citizen accountability in the ‘New NHS’ in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Accountability Gap

The NHS is facing a combination of lower spending and increasing demand. In response, NHS England is requiring local areas to substantially rethink and reshape services through Sustainability and Transformation Plans. These have been devised largely without the involvement of patients and citizens, giving rise to widespread concerns about service loss. Other structural changes are also taking place that have no obvious place for citizen engagement. All of this is highlighting the problem of a lack of local accountability and legitimacy for decision-making in healthcare. This commentary describes the changes, identifies the accountability gap and suggests a framework for future development.

scholarly journals Developing an approach for decision making units integration using multi objective particle swarm optimization

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdorrahman Haeri ◽  
Kamran Rezaie ◽  
Seyed Morteza Hatefi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Decision Making Units

In recent years, integration between companies, suppliers or organizational departments attracted much attention. Decision making about integration encounters with major concerns. One of these concerns is which units should be integrated and what is the effect of integration on performance measures. In this paper the problem of decision making unit (DMU) integration is considered. It is tried to integrate DMUs so that the considered criteria are satisfied. In this research two criteria are considered that are mean of efficiencies of DMUs and the difference between DMUs that have largest and smallest efficiencies. For this purpose multi objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is applied. A case with 17 DMUs is considered. The results show that integration has increased both considered criteria effectively.  Additionally this approach can presents different alternatives for decision maker (DM) that enables DM to select the final decision for integration.

scholarly journals Measuring the Productivity of Energy Consumption of Major Industries in China: A DEA-Based Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xishuang Han ◽  
Xiaolong Xue ◽  
Jiaoju Ge ◽  
Hengqin Wu ◽  
Chang Su
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Malmquist Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Change ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Decision Making Units

Data envelopment analysis can be applied to measure the productivity of multiple input and output decision-making units. In addition, the data envelopment analysis-based Malmquist productivity index can be used as a tool for measuring the productivity change during different time periods. In this paper, we use an input-oriented model to measure the energy consumption productivity change from 1999 to 2008 of fourteen industry sectors in China as decision-making units. The results show that there are only four sectors that experienced effective energy consumption throughout the whole reference period. It also shows that these sectors always lie on the efficiency frontier of energy consumption as benchmarks. The other ten sectors experienced inefficiency in some two-year time periods and the productivity changes were not steady. The data envelopment analysis-based Malmquist productivity index provides a good way to measure the energy consumption and can give China's policy makers the information to promote their strategy of sustainable development.

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