scholarly journals CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT COMPLEX: UKRAINIAN REALITIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Levkovska ◽  
Inna Irtyshcheva ◽  
Іryna Dubynska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Water Management Complex ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The One

Aim. The ratification of the Paris Agreement by Ukraine envisages an increase in the ability to adapt to the negative effects of climate change, as well as promoting low carbon development so as not to endanger food production. At the same time, water resources, on the one hand, are one of the most vulnerable to climate change components of the environment from the state of which the food security of the country depends directly, and on the other hand, the activity of the water management complex causes the emergence of both direct and indirect carbon footprint. Therefore, an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable low carbon development is the assessment of the carbon footprint of the main sectors of Ukraine's water management complex and the identification of priority measures for their decarbonisation and adaptation to expected climate change. Methods. The methodological basis for the assessment of the carbon footprint of the main sectors of the water management complex was the life cycle method (LCA), by which, based on the open data of the National Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions from Sources and Absorption by Greenhouse Gas Absorbers in Ukraine and the statistical analysis of the results of previous studies. By means of systematic analysis of the main factors of greenhouse gas emission in the water management complex of Ukraine, the priority directions of its decarbonisation and adaptation to climate change were determined. Results. The estimated carbon footprint of Ukraine's water complex in 2017 was estimated to be 5.15 million tons of CO2-equiv, which was 1.6% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine in 2017, and taking into account the potential carbon footprint enduse processes can be increased by up to 3%. Due to the deterioration of the water supply networks, an average of 35% of the supplied water is lost in Ukraine. Reducing network leakage by at least 10% will reduce carbon footprint by 30,000 tons of CO2-equiv annually. The priority areas for decarbonisation of the water management complex should be modernization of water supply and water treatment infrastructure, improvement of energy efficiency of pumping equipment and introduction of drip irrigation, and its adaptation to climate change – development of the network of green infrastructure. Conclusions. The low-carbon development of the water management system should include the introduction and coordination of such measures, which, on the one hand, minimize the adverse effects of climate change on water resources and contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of water management activities, and on the other hand, guarantee the achievement of sustainable development goals, in particular for ensuring water and society proper sanitary conditions.

Causes and consequential costs of anthropogenic climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
David Novak ◽  
Christian Synwoldt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
The One

On the one hand, this paper examines the costs directly caused by climate change, also com- paring the possible costs for preventing damage; on the other hand, it compares the effects of the radiation propulsion caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on anthropogen- ic heat generation through the use of all types of fuels. In addition to the global warming ef- fect caused by anthropogenic heat radiation, there are also local heat islands that are affect- ed by a much greater rise in temperature. Purpose: A cost comparison of the damage caused by climate change and a quantitative com- parison of the direct heat development through the use of fuels with the radiative forcing through anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.Design / methodology / approach: In both cases, the research method is based on the analysis of public databases such as the International Energy Agency (IAE), as well as published lit- erature on global energy supply and the Federal Statistical Office. Results: The expected consequential damage caused by climate change will probably present most states with insoluble financial burdens. The radiation propulsion from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions makes an 80 times greater contribution to global warming than the anthropogenic heat generation from all types of fuels. Research / practical implications: Future research should show the consequences for the economy and the acquisition of money on the one hand and on the other hand include the ef- fects of global warming and the heat islands, both of which lead to a loss of habitat. Originality / Value: This paper has both the expected follow-up costs in view as well as the causes and effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

Modeling the Vibrations of the Pale of a Wind

2020 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Ionica Valeriu ◽  
Dan Gheorghe Bagnaru ◽  
Ionuţ Daniel Geonea
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Variational Principle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Centrifugal Effect ◽  
Transverse Vibrations ◽  
The One ◽  
Combat Climate Change

To combat climate change, there is growing support for the use of clean and sustainable energy, which will result in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, in response to an increasing need for wind turbines in the field of energy, intended for the production of electricity, their size has increased. The effect of increasing the size of the machines, and in particular the size of the blades, led to the appearance of vibrational phenomena and the instability of aeroelastic origin (vibrations, noises). Basically, this work highlights the dynamic effects on a blade during its rotation taking into account, on the one hand, the mechanical forces (the centrifugal effect, the inertial effect) and, on the other hand, the aerodynamic effects. The blade, which is in motion, is subjected to three types of deformations: longitudinal, transverse and twisting. We were interested in the twisting and transverse vibrations, the equations we obtained with Hamilton's variational principle.

Policy analysis and complexity – a non-equilibrium approach for integrated water management

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govert D. Geldof
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Control System ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Equilibrium Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Groundwater Policy ◽  
Non Equilibrium

In integrated water management, the issues are often complex by nature, they are capable of subjective interpretation, are difficult to express in standards and exhibit many uncertainties. For such issues, an equilibrium approach is not appropriate. A non-equilibrium approach has to be applied. This implies that the processes to which the integrated issue pertains, are regarded as “alive”’. Instead of applying a control system as the model for tackling the issue, a network is used as the model. In this network, several “agents”’ are involved in the modification, revision and rearrangement of structures. It is therefore an on-going renewal process (perpetual novelty). In the planning process for the development of a groundwater policy for the municipality of Amsterdam, a non-equilibrium approach was adopted. In order to do justice to the integrated character of groundwater management, an approach was taken, containing the following features: (1) working from global to detailed, (2) taking account of the history of the system, (3) giving attention to communication, (4) building flexibility into the establishing of standards, and (5) combining reason and emotions. A middle course was sought, between static, rigid but reliable on the one hand; dynamic, flexible but vague on the other hand.

Carbon price: theory and practice of greenhouse gas emissions regulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Ilya Stepanov ◽  
Karina Galimova
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Price Theory ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
Effective Use

In the context of transition to low-carbon development, carbon price is rapidly gaining ground all over the world. Discussions on its implementation are under way in Russia as well. However, the use of carbon price as an indicator can be compounded by certain risks. In practice, to overcome them depends on the ability of carbon price designing to take into account the specifics of a country or industries where the regulation is introduced. The regulator needs to determine the specifics of carbon pricing, identify the acceptable degree of regulation and coverage of carbon price; consider the consequences for vulnerable sectors of population, companies, etc. The study aims at systematizing theory and practice of carbon pricing across various countries and regions of the world economy. Drawing on the analysis of fundamental and empirical works, the authors identify the factors that limit the effective use of carbon price; classify the key elements of carbon pricing design. Based on the analysis of international experience, the article provides recommendations on the development of a system for regulating carbon in Russia.

scholarly journals Klimaforandringer: Perspektiv og skala i studiet af det høje nord

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hastrup
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
The One ◽  
Strategic Perspective

Klima og klimaforandringer er blevet nye store temaer i antropologien, og det er påtrængende at stille kritiske spørgsmål til brugen af disse begreber, der synes at indeholde både konkret (lokalt) vejr og abstrakt (globalt) klima. Spørgsmålet er, hvordan man kan bruge „klimaet“ strategisk og produktivt i antropologiske analyser uden at gøre det til endnu en udefrakommende ulykke, der rammer klodens svage befolkninger. I artiklen argumenteres der for en nytænkning af skalabegrebet, som kan rumme både det „lokale“ og det „globale“, i og med at der er tale om et analytisk perspektiv snarere end et empirisk forhold. Herigennem åbnes der for en komparativ analyse af „klimaets“ infiltrering i det sociale og dets varierende forklaringsværdi. Artiklen trækker på forfatterens arbejde i Island og Grønland. Søgeord: klimaforandringer, skala, worlding, Island, Grønland English: Climate Explanations: Perspective and Scale in the Study of the High North“Climate” has entered into everyday parlance across the globe. In anthropology, “climate change” has opened up a new field of concern for vulnerable populations on the one hand and for the distinctiveness of the discipline on the other. In this article it is argued that while climate as such is a meteorological abstraction, it may also function as a strategic perspective, which allows for a comparison between ascribed values and dynamisms in social worlds. It is further shown how the implications of worldwide climate change open up for a new understanding of scale as an analytical rather than an empirical category. The substance draws from the author’s work in Northwest Greenland and in Iceland. Keywords: Climate change, scale, worlding, Iceland, Greenland 

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF THE COST OF ELECTRICITY ON THE VOLUME OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Kononov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Low Carbon Development ◽  
The Cost

The strategy of low-carbon development of the economy and energy of Russia provides for the introduction of a fee (tax) for carbon dioxide emissions by power plants. This will seriously affect their prospective structure and lead to an increase in electricity prices. The expected neg-ative consequences for national and energy security are great. But serious and multilateral research is needed to properly assess these strategic threats

International Law Obligations Arising in relation to Nationally Determined Contributions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article analyzes the international law obligations that arise in relation to nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It argues that distinct and concurrent obligations arise from two separate sources. On the one hand, treaty obligations arise under the Paris Agreement, which imposes an obligation of conduct on parties: they must take adequate measures towards the realization of the mitigation targets contained in their NDCs. On the other hand, communications such as NDCs may constitute unilateral declarations that also create legal obligations. These unilateral declarations impose obligations of various types, which may extend beyond mitigation. For example, they may specify measures of implementation or demand the achievement of a particular result. The potential ‘double-bindingness’ of NDCs should be a central consideration in the interpretation of international law obligations regarding climate change.

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