ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE POLTAVA REGION WATER SUPPLY COMPLEX

Assessment of the state and rationality of the operation of the water management complex (WMC) of the Poltava region is an extremely relevant study of the present, since the WMC was created in the 60s-70s of the last century and actively provides the sectors of the economy and the population with water resources. The study aim is to assess the water resource potential as the basis for the functioning of the water-chemical complex, to determine the levels of technogenic impact on the water resource potential. A review of the sources was carried out using the Google Scholar database by filtering for the period from 2010 to 2021 and mainly revising publications on numerous samples related to monitoring and control of the state of the water management complex of the Poltava region. According to the official report of 2019, the rivers Dnieper, Psel, Sukhoi Omelnik, Uday received an assessment: slightly polluted waters, the Vorskla and Orzhitsa rivers are moderately polluted waters. The main ingredients responsible for the low water ratings as of 2019 are phosphate ions, manganese, as well as nitrite nitrogen, total iron and BOD5. The manganese content was measured in three rivers, and the average estimate ranged from 5.8 in the Psel River to 11.85 in the Vorskla River. According to the Regional Office of Water Resources in the Poltava region, in 2019, 109.8 million m3 were withdrawn from the natural water bodies of the Poltava region, namely underground water bodies, which is 4.6 million m3 less than in 2018 (or 4.0 %), including 69.83 million m3 (which is 3.29 million m3 or 4.5 % less than in 2018). However, the total water intake in the region over the past 10 years has decreased by 2.2 times. A positive trend is that all discharges occur at treatment facilities of housing and communal services. There is no discharge of return water without treatment into surface water bodies of the Poltava region; however, within the boundaries of settlements there is a discharge of under-treated municipal wastewater and runoff from the urbanized territory. Consequently, balancing water use is possible by introducing waterless, low-water and water-saving technologies in all sectors of the economy, maximum use of water in recycling water supply systems; replacement of physically and morally worn out water supply and water protection equipment, etc.

Regional and Industry-Specific Approach to the Formation of the Water Management Complex Development Strategy

The level of the water management complex development affects the state of the resource potential of the region and its structural and sectoral features. The purpose of this article is to reveal the relations and interdependence of the processes of strategic development of the water management complex and regional economy; to form recommendations that contribute to the development of these relations. The problem of forming a strategy for the water management complex development is considered within the framework of the sustainable development concept, which takes socio-economic and environmental aspects into account. As a result of the study the influence of the water management complex on the socio-economic potential of the southern Russian regions was analyzed. Scenario variants of the water management complex development in the regions are identified, their typology is carried out. The necessity of forming a mechanism of interdepartmental coordination to improve the efficiency of the management system for the strategic development of the water management complex is justified. Conclusions are drawn about the need to supplement the basin approach to water resources management with a regional-sectoral approach. This will make it possible to link the development strategy of the water management complex with the sectoral structural changes in the region. The results of the study can be used by regional authorities and water resources management to solve the problems of increasing the sustainability of water and regional ecosystems.

Development of new methods of rice cultivation for the reclamation and water management complex of the Lower Kuban

According to long-term studies of the influence of rice cultivation show that meadow-black soil, meadow, alluvial, meadow-swamp (heavy black soils) soils of the reclamation and water management complex of the Lower Kuban, with the beginning of their use for rice cultivation, lose their favorable physical properties and become degraded, merged, viscous and gleyed formations, which leads to a decrease in the yield and quality of the resulting grain, loss of soil fertility, as a rule, with the subsequent withdrawal of lands from the irrigation fund. In order to prevent these negative consequences, it is necessary to use the accumulated world experience of rice cultivation in a timely manner. For a number of reasons, many scientific achievements in the field of selective breeding and rice production technologies remain unpopular. Today, the level of information technology allows studying the advanced experience of rice cultivation in a short time. The world leader in rice production is the PRC, where for more than 10 years they have been practicing the cultivation of rice using drip watering under mulching film, considering this method to be one of the most effective and resource-saving. However, the rice-growing regions of the PRC are located in subtropical and tropical climates with the sum of active temperatures and solar activity during the growing season significantly exceeding the average values of these values for the rice-growing regions of the reclamation and water management complex of the Lower Kuban. Consequently, to implement this technology on the rice irrigation systems of the Krasnodar Territory, it is necessary to adapt them to the natural and climatic conditions of the region. Therefore, the paper proposes the technology of underground drip watering of rice, the introduction of which has proven its effectiveness and feasibility.

On application of artificial neural networks for modeling of water consumption.

The article shows the capabilities of artificial neural networks built on radial basis functions for the study of water consumption by various branches of the Don River basin water system. The use of mathematical models in the form of a system of differentiated equations is hampered by the uncertainty of the coefficients in their right-hand sides, which describe the intensities of processes of different natures: precipitation, water consumption by various sectors of the water management complex, water runoff during snow melting, transpiration, infiltration, etc. As a rule, these parameters are random, and the mathematical models describing the water balance are stochastic. The use of neural networks is very fruitful here. Without going into the physical essence of the processes, they can be used to approximate and make reliable predictions, which is a prerequisite for the development of dynamic-stochastic concepts in the management of water resources.

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT COMPLEX: UKRAINIAN REALITIES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Aim. The ratification of the Paris Agreement by Ukraine envisages an increase in the ability to adapt to the negative effects of climate change, as well as promoting low carbon development so as not to endanger food production. At the same time, water resources, on the one hand, are one of the most vulnerable to climate change components of the environment from the state of which the food security of the country depends directly, and on the other hand, the activity of the water management complex causes the emergence of both direct and indirect carbon footprint. Therefore, an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable low carbon development is the assessment of the carbon footprint of the main sectors of Ukraine's water management complex and the identification of priority measures for their decarbonisation and adaptation to expected climate change. Methods. The methodological basis for the assessment of the carbon footprint of the main sectors of the water management complex was the life cycle method (LCA), by which, based on the open data of the National Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions from Sources and Absorption by Greenhouse Gas Absorbers in Ukraine and the statistical analysis of the results of previous studies. By means of systematic analysis of the main factors of greenhouse gas emission in the water management complex of Ukraine, the priority directions of its decarbonisation and adaptation to climate change were determined. Results. The estimated carbon footprint of Ukraine's water complex in 2017 was estimated to be 5.15 million tons of CO2-equiv, which was 1.6% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine in 2017, and taking into account the potential carbon footprint enduse processes can be increased by up to 3%. Due to the deterioration of the water supply networks, an average of 35% of the supplied water is lost in Ukraine. Reducing network leakage by at least 10% will reduce carbon footprint by 30,000 tons of CO2-equiv annually. The priority areas for decarbonisation of the water management complex should be modernization of water supply and water treatment infrastructure, improvement of energy efficiency of pumping equipment and introduction of drip irrigation, and its adaptation to climate change – development of the network of green infrastructure. Conclusions. The low-carbon development of the water management system should include the introduction and coordination of such measures, which, on the one hand, minimize the adverse effects of climate change on water resources and contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of water management activities, and on the other hand, guarantee the achievement of sustainable development goals, in particular for ensuring water and society proper sanitary conditions.

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРЕЦИЗИОННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫМ РЕЖИМОМ АГРОЭКОСИСТЕМ

Цель работы охарактеризовать существующую степень автоматизации процедур управления технологическими процессами гидромелиоративных систем, включая формирование мелиоративного режима агроэкосистем и энергетического потенциала мелиорированных земель и рассмотреть направления совершенствования последних. Установлена потребность в модернизации теории и практики назначения управляющих воздействий. Новизна исследований - в разработке научного обоснования необходимости и целесообразности цифровизации системы управления мелиоративным водохозяйственным комплексом на основе технологий решения основополагающих задач агропроизводства, формируемых информационной компьютерной цифровой платформой сферы мелиорации. Практическая значимость в определении принципиальных положений разработки функциональной структуры и организационных мероприятий внедрения мощного инструментария полнофакторной автоматизации процедур регулирования мелиоративного режима агроэкосистем. Методическая основа работы - информационно-аналитический метод исследований, экспертные оценки, системный анализ и синтез. В качестве действенного направления совершенствования методических подходов к автоматизации, электронизации и информатизации технологических процессов агропроизводства, способствующих успешности цифровизации системы растениеводства на мелиорируемых землях, предложена разработка и внедрение информационно-аналитического программно - технического обеспечения, интегрированного в составе специализированной цифровой платформы мелиоративного водохозяйственного комплекса, пилотный проект которой рекомендовано реализовать в действующей Программе цифровой экономики.The purpose of the work is to characterize the existing degree of automation of procedures for managing technological processes of hydro-reclamation systems, including the formation of the reclamation regime of agro-ecosystems and the energy potential of reclaimed lands, and to consider ways to improve the latter. There is a need to modernize the theory and practice of assigning control actions. But-wizna research in the development of scientific substantiation of the necessity and appropriate-STI digitization management system reclamation water complex technology based solutions to the fundamental problems of agricultural production generated information computer digital platform sphere of melioration. Practical significance - in determining the basic provisions of the development of the functional structure and organizational measures for the introduction of powerful tools for full-factor automation of procedures for regulating the reclamation regime of agroecosystems. The methodological basis of the work is the information and analytical method of research, expert assessments, system analysis and synthesis. As an effective direction for improving methodological approaches to automation, electronics and information of agricultural production processes that contribute to the success of digitalization of the crop production system on reclaimed lands, the development and implementation of information-analytical software and technical support integrated as part of a specialized digital platform of the reclamation water management complex, the pilot project of which is recommended to be implemented in the current program of the digital economy, is proposed.

ОРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ И ОБВОДНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ, РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫЕ В БАССЕЙНЕ Р. КУБАНИ

В статье приведены систематизированные данные по оросительным и обводнительным системам в бассейне р. Кубани, необходимые для разработки научно-методического обоснования и определения перспектив использования водных ресурсов бассейна р. Кубани, а также научно обоснованных рекомендаций по повышению эффективности их использования при мелиорации земель сельскохозяйственного назначения на основе водного баланса территории. Бассейн р. Кубани включает 17 оросительно-обводнительных систем, основными водопользователями являются оросительные системы Карачаево-Черкесской республики, Ставропольского края, Республики Адыгеи и Краснодарского края. Орошаемые земли в Республике Карачаево-Черкессии представляют в основном тепличные хозяйства, овощные севообороты, общая площадь орошаемых сельхозугодий 19,8 тыс. га. В Ставропольском крае овощные и кормовые севообороты, инженерные оросительные системы водохозяйственного комплекса БСК (Большой ставропольский канал). В Республике Адыгея кроме овощных, кормовых севооборотов имеются и рисовые, дефицита пресных подземных и поверхностных вод регион не испытывает, однако, в сельской местности в летнее время наблюдаются перебои в хозяйственно-питьевом водоснабжении населения. Общая площадь орошаемых сельхозугодий 24,952 тыс. га, площадь осушаемых земель 2,368 тыс. га. В Краснодарском крае в бассейне реки Кубани числятся орошаемыми 234,4 тыс. га рисовых систем и 152,0 тыс. га нерисовых севооборотов. Общая площадь осушенных сельхозугодий 24,5 тыс. га.The article presents systematized data on irrigation and watering systems in the Kuban river basin, which are necessary for scientific and methodological basis developing and determining the prospects for using water resources in the Kuban river basin, as well as scientifically based recommendations for improving their use efficiency in agricultural land reclamation based on the territorys water balance. The Kuban river basin includes 17 irrigation and watering systems, the main water users are the irrigation systems of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Stavropol territory, the Republic of Adygea and Krasnodar territory. Irrigated lands in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic are mainly greenhouses and vegetable crop rotations the total area of irrigated farmland is 19.8 thousand hectares. In the Stavropol territory vegetable and fodder crop rotations, engineering irrigation systems of the BSC water management complex (the Big Stavropol Canal). In the Republic of Adygea in addition to vegetable and fodder crop rotations there are also rice, there is no fresh groundwater and surface water deficit in the region, however, in the countryside in the summer time, there are disruptions in drinking water supply of the population. Total irrigated farmland area is 24.952 thousand hectares, drained land area is 2.368 thousand hectares. In the Krasnodar region, Kuban river basin, there are 234.4 thousand hectares of rice systems and 152.0 thousand hectares of non-rice crop rotations listed as irrigated. The total area of drained farmland is 24.5 thousand hectares.

Institutional provision of financial mechanism of water use: theory and practice

The statutes have the necessary positive and institutional benefits in the financial mechanism of water supply. The basic institute of financial security in the system of the water management complex of Ukraine is highlighted. The expediency of considering the institutional nature of financial support for the water management complex as a basis for optimization of economic systems has been proved. At the same time, it was noted that the market transformation of the Ukrainian Agrarian Union began without proper institutional support for the financial mechanism of the water management complex, which remained unchanged from the Soviet economic system, which does not meet the requirements of a market economy and needs a new revision. It is noted that the paradigm of institutionalism also provides an opportunity to determine the scenarios of financial support for the modernization of Ukraine. The necessity of formation of development institutes has been proved, among which in the research area are identified: institutes of property, management, financial intermediation, loan capital, rent of natural resources, entrepreneurship. It is determined that the development institute is an organizational and economic structure that facilitates the allocation of resources in favor of projects to realize the potential of economic growth. In the system of financial mechanism the main role is assigned to the Institute of Bank Lending. The basic problems of its functioning are revealed and the ways of their solution are determined. The main task of the National Bank of Ukraine is to expedite the problem of conducting currency swap operations, as they are able to solve the problem of shortage of national currency resources for the enterprises of Ukraine.