scholarly journals FREQUENCE OF JUXTAGLOMERULAR GRANULATED CELIS IN DEHYDRATED AND SODIUM-LOADED MICE

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Imad M. Al-Ani ◽  
Merza H. Homady
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Albino Mice

Fifteen albino mice were subjected to three days dehydration and fifteen albino mice were given 1% NaCl in their drinking water. Control animals were given drinking water  All animals were sacrificed and kidneys were fixed in different fixatives and processed for light microscopy  Section were stained for juxtaglomerular cells demonstration and the juxtaglomerular index (GI) and percentage of granulated nephron(%GN) were calculated. Kidneys from dehydrated and sodium-loaded animals showed significant decrease in both JGI and % GN and was discussed in relation to renin secretion and release.

Renin secretion from permeabilized juxtaglomerular cells requires a permeant cation

1999 ◽  
Vol 437 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boye L. Jensen ◽  
Peter Ellekvist ◽  
O. Skøtt
Keyword(s):  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells

Do Calcium-Activated Chloride Channels Control Renin Secretion?

Physiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells ◽  
Epithelioid Cells ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Cl Channels

The rate of renin secretion from renal juxtaglomerular epithelioid cells appears to be inversely correlated to intracellular Ca activity. Such a dependency of renin secretion on Ca activity could be controlled by Ca-activated Cl channels that may be involved in the volume control of juxtaglomerular cells.

scholarly journals Subacute Hepatotoxicity of Extracts of Senna occidentalis Seeds in Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Egziharia Mokonen Gebrezgi ◽  
Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos Hiben ◽  
Kidanemariam Gaim Kidanu ◽  
Amanuel Tesfay Tsegay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Enzyme Markers

Senna occidentalis is potentially toxic to humans and animals. Its seeds are crop contaminant weeds in some localities where liver disease is prevalent. This study assessed the subacute hepatotoxicity of S. occidentalis seeds in mice model. Three groups of female Swiss Albino mice (25–28 g, aged 8–10 weeks) received distilled water (control), 400, and 1000 mg/kg extract of S. occidentalis seed, respectively. At the end of the study, body weight and liver organ weight were recorded, and tissue and blood samples were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the extract treated groups, at both doses, showed significant (p≤0.001) decrease in mean body weight gain in the fourth week of the experiment. Besides, the extract treated groups showed significant (p≤0.001) elevation of liver enzyme markers: alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Also, histopathological examinations of liver tissue showed moderate microvesicular steatosis of hepatocytes and mild inflammation in the 400 mg/kg treated group as well as marked micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, focal area necrosis, and periportal inflammation with mononuclear cell infiltration in the 1000 mg/kg treated group. Thus, these findings show that S. occidentalis seeds exhibit hepatotoxicity in mice, characterized by changes in liver tissue architecture and liver enzyme levels.

Calcium in the control of renin secretion: Ca2+ influx as an inhibitory signal

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. F70-F74 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Park ◽  
D. S. Han ◽  
J. C. Fray
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Inhibitory Signal ◽  
Ca Antagonist ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Energy Dependent

The mechanism for the inhibition of renin secretion in vitro from renal cortical slices by angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, ouabain, and high K+ concentration was studied. The inhibitory effect of these agents was blocked by a Ca antagonist, verapamil. In addition, epinephrine stimulated renin secretion and its stimulatory action was blocked by ouabain. These results support the hypothesis that Ca2+ influx into juxtaglomerular cells plays a role as an inhibitory signal whereas Ca2+ efflux is a stimulatory signal for renin secretion. Renin secretion was greatly stimulated by lowering incubation temperature, indicating that renin secretion is not energy dependent. The possibility is discussed that Ca2+ of juxtaglomerular cells might activate an enzyme(s) that then modulates some sequential steps of renin secretory processes, thereby controlling the rate of renin secretion.

Studies on salt tolerance of sheep. V. The tolerance of sheep for mixtures of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate in the drinking water

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Peirce
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Saline Solutions

Six groups, each of six sheep, were fed in pens for 15 months on a ration of chaffed lucerne and wheaten hays. One group was offered rain-water to drink, another group was offered 1.30% sodium chloride, whereas the others were offered one of the following mixtures of sodium chloride, carbonate, and bicarbonate: 1.26 + 0.015 + 0.025, 1.21 + 0.04 + 0.06, 1.12 + 0.08 + 0.13, and 0.95 + 0.161+ 0.25%. The intake of all saline solutions was higher than that of rain-water, ranging from 150% above for 1.30% sodium chloride to 60% above for the highest level of carbonates; the mean daily intakes for the entire experiment by the six groups were 2.6, 6.6, 4.8, 5.7, 5.8, and 4.2 l. respectively. The intake also increased in all groups with temperature, being 40–70% higher in the hottest months than in the coldest months.Weight increase was less from 6 months onward in the group receiving 1.30% sodium chloride, and was less at certain times only in the experiment in the groups receiving 0.04 or 0.10% carbonates, than in that receiving rain-water (control group). There were no differences in weight increase between the control group and the groups receiving the highest concentrations (0.21 and 0.41%) of carbonates The saline drinking waters had no effect on the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or chloride in the blood plasma. The concentration of carbon dioxide was higher, for the last year of the experiment, in the blood of the control group, and, for approximately one-third of the experiment, in that of the group receiving the highest level of carbonates in its drinking water, than in that of any of the groups receiving lower levels of carbonates. There were differences in blood carbon dioxide on one occasion only between the control group and that receiving the highest level of carbonates. None of the solutions used in the experiment had any adverse effect on the general health, food consumption or wool production of the sheep.

scholarly journals Distribution and potential health risk of nitrate in centralized groundwater sources of Wanbei Plain, Central China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhu Hu ◽  
Mu You ◽  
Guijian Liu ◽  
Zhongbing Dong
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Central China ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Skin Contact

Abstract Centralized groundwater sources are the main source for drinking, domestic, industry, and agriculture in Central China. Thirty-five centralized groundwater sources were selected to determine the concentration and distribution characterization of nitrate in Wanbei Plain, Anhui Province. Meanwhile, the health risk assessment model recommended by USEPA was used to evaluate the potential health risk for adults and children. The results showed that the average concentration of nitrate in the pore water is lower than that of karst water, which may be attributed to the thinner thickness of loose sediments for karst water. The nitrate in groundwater mainly originates from chemical fertilizers, industrial and domestic waste. The health risk of nitrate to children through drinking water intake and skin contact was significantly higher than that of adults, which was explained by their being more sensitive receptors and facing higher health risks than adults. The non-carcinogenic risk of nitrate in all samples was within the acceptable range. The results also indicated drinking water control is the main way to reduce nitrate health risk. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to take measures to strengthen groundwater management, improve groundwater quality, and reduce nitrate health risk.

Regulation of in vitro renin secretion by ANG II feedback manipulation in vivo in the ovine fetus

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. R1230-R1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Giammattei ◽  
Jack W. Strandhoy ◽  
James C. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Cells ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Age Related

The renin-angiotensin system is critically important to fetal cardiovascular function and organ development. The feedback regulation of renin secretion by ANG II develops early in gestation yet does not linearly progress from fetal life to adulthood. Renin secretion is elevated in late gestation compared with earlier or postnatal time periods, which suggests that some component of the negative feedback regulation of renin secretion is less sensitive in late gestation. We examined in fetal sheep the age-related consequence of chronic in vivo manipulation of ANG II on renal renin secretion measured in vitro. Immature (101–103 days of gestation) and mature (130–133 days of gestation) fetuses were treated for 72 h with enalaprilat, ANG II or vehicle. Content and basal and isoproterenol-stimulated secretion of prorenin (PR) and active renin (AR) from fetal kidney cortical slices were determined. Enalaprilat pretreatment in vivo increased renal renin content and basal and stimulated secretion of PR and AR in vitro even in immature animals. Immunohistochemical localization showed that enalaprilat treatment caused an age-related recruitment of renin-containing juxtaglomerular cells. Conversely, ANG II pretreatment decreased basal and stimulated PR and AR secretion from immature fetal kidneys, but only inhibited PR secretion from mature kidneys. It also caused an age-related decrease in the percentage of renin-containing juxtaglomerular cells. These results suggest that ANG II feedback modulates not only the synthesis and content of renin, but the sensitivity of the coupling between stimulus and secretion. A critical observation of our study is that the higher renal tissue concentrations of prorenin and active renin in late gestation may be a consequence of reduced sensitivity to ANG II feedback; this is consistent with the increased plasma concentrations of renin found in near-term mammals.

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