Cognitive Equality and Educational Policies: An Example from Pakistan

1979 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Robert E. Klitgaard ◽  
Sadequa Dadabhoy ◽  
Simin Lithouhi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Cognitive Achievement

An empirical study of distributions of examination scores within secondary schools in Karachi shows that intraschool inequalities are relatively large. The results of several analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that either schools in Karachi do not care about the equality of their students' cognitive achievement, or if they do care, current policies are ineffective at reducing or widening their distributions of scores.

scholarly journals Islamic Religious Education in Contemporary Austrian Society: Muslim Teachers Dealing with Controversial Contemporary Topics

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Mehmet H. Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Austrian Society ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject

Muslims in Austria have, since 1982/83, had the unique privilege of providing Islamic religious education in secular public schools, including primary, middle and secondary schools. As well as opportunities, this privilege brings responsibilities and challenges to the Muslim community. Since its beginnings, Islamic religious education in Austria has, among other things, been especially characterized by the heterogeneity and diversity of its participants, as well as the general diversity in society and the secular context of public schools. In this context, theoretical discussions about the orientation of and justification for Islamic religious education in secular public schools suggest that for both teachers and the subject itself, an awareness, appreciation and inclusion of diversity, dialogue, multi-perspectivity and reflexivity is required. The empirical study on the professionalization of Islamic religious education, drawn on in this article, is based on Muslim teachers’ own perspectives and experiences. The research findings of that study show how Muslims become Islamic religious education teachers, how Muslim teachers see their roles in secular public schools, how they teach and approach Islam or Islamic topics, what the challenges of teaching Islamic education in public schools are, and other related topics. This article (re-)analyzes used and unused data from the study and focuses on how diversity and controversial topics can be approached in the context of Islamic religious education.

Development of Mathematics in Secondary Schools of the United States

1934 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
F. L. Wren ◽  
H. B. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Liberal Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Individual

The early settlers of the American colonies were influenced by the educational principles and practices of the countries from which they had come, and these educational policies had, in turn, evolved under the influence of the Renaissance and Reformation. These two movements had co-operated in fostering a new liberal education which “implied the intellectual, moral, esthetic, and physical development of the individual for true fulfillment of complete life as a citizen.”1 This, under the influence of the times, meant a linguistic type of education, the language being Latin. The curricula of the schools were thus organized to conform to the objectives which this ideal fostered. Various formulations of these objectives may be found in the literature of the time.

Relations between Creativity and Intelligence among Malaysian Pupils

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. S. Yong
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Verbal Creativity

This paper describes an empirical study of the relation between creativity and intelligence of 397 Malaysian secondary school pupils. The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, Figural Form A and Verbal Form A (Malay Language version), and the Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test were administered to 181 boys and 216 girls from five secondary schools located in the urban and suburban areas of Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya in Malaysia. Analysis indicated that scores on verbal creativity were related to intelligence while those on figural creativity were not.

scholarly journals Statistics and Probability at Secondary Schools in the Federal State of Salzburg: An Empirical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Voit ◽  
Arne C. Bathke
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Mathematics Instruction ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Statistics And Probability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Study Population

Knowledge about the practical use of statistics and probability in today's mathematics instruction at secondary schools is vital in order to improve the academic education for future teachers. We have conducted an empirical study among school teachers to inform towards improved mathematics instruction and teacher preparation. The study provides a snapshot into the daily practice of instruction at school. Centered around the four following questions, the status of statistics and probability was examined. Where did  the current mathematics teachers study? What relevance do statistics and probability have in school? Which contents are actually taught in class? What kind of continuing education would be desirable for teachers? The study population consisted of all teachers of mathematics at secondary schools in the federal state of Salzburg.

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