scholarly journals Community Influences on Schooling and Work Activity of Youth in Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 915-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velrie L. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Community Influences ◽  
Children’S Work ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Family Strategies

The schooling and work activities of youth remain fundamental to their human capital development. Yet we have limited understanding of factors influencing these activities in Pakistan and elsewhere. The bulk of research on children’s work and schooling looks primarily to household-level factors to explain current rates. As such, activities’ of youth are viewed as a product of family strategies for confronting poverty. On the other hand, the influences at the community level on work and schooling of youth have received relatively little attention and remain largely undeveloped in the literature. Further, work and schooling activities remain are usually investigated separately in the analyses. Most studies focus on either the work activities or schooling of youth, despite recent appeals to examine these activities simultaneously [DeGraff, Bilsborrow and Herrin (1993); Mahmood, Javaid and Baig (1994) and Weiner and Noman (1997)].

scholarly journals Does human capital development matter in FDI location decisions? A case for Austria

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between human capital development and foreign direct investment (FDI). In particular, the direction of causality between these two variables is the main focus of this study. This study has been necessitated by the failure by many previous researchers to concur on the causal relationship between FDI and human capital development. Some authors argue that there is a uni-directional causality relationship running from FDI to human capital development whilst others are saying the causality runs the other way round from human capital development to FDI. The other group of authors says there is a bi-directional relationship between these two variables whilst the fourth and last group of authors maintains that there exist no causal relation at all between FDI and human capital development. Using the lagged error correction model (ECM), the study observed that FDI measured by FDI, net inflows (% of GDP) was Granger caused by human capital development (proxied by pupil-teacher ratio) both in the short and long run. However, the null hypothesis which says that FDI Granger caused human capital development was rejected both in the short and long run. The author therefore recommends the intensification of teacher-pupil ratio improvement programmes in order not only to increase FDI inflow but to ensure Austria benefits from that increased FDI inflow

Critical Approaches to Children’s Work and the Concept of Child Labor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bourdillon
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Principal Work ◽  
Children’S Work

In much of human history, and in the majority of the world today, children participate in the work activities of the communities in which they are growing, and thereby learn to become productive members of the societies in which they live. Relatively recently, the principal work of children has switched from productive work to schoolwork, a change that has created conceptual problems for understanding the continuing importance of children’s work outside school. An attempt to divide children’s work into harmful “labor” and benign “work” fails to account for the vast majority of children’s work, which combines potentially positive and negative elements. References to harmful work and exploitative conditions can be found in the Oxford Bibliographies article on Child Labor. More positive accounts of children’s work in different cultural contexts appear in the article on Children’s Work and Apprenticeship, which focuses on unpaid work in the family context and work associated with learning. Neither article defines its topic in relation to the other. This indeterminate division leaves gaps, omitting some literature on children’s work that does not easily fall into either category, such as the benefits that children can derive from employment and how to assess costs and benefits in children’s work. This article, therefore, has two roles: it points to publications that provide a more comprehensive view of children’s work and it fills some of the gaps left by the other two articles.

scholarly journals The impact of human capital development on the economic and social development of a country: empirical study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeļena Lonska ◽  
Iveta Mietule
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Development Level ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Global Competitiveness Index ◽  
Capital Development

<p>Methodologically this research is based on the approach of many social scientists who argue that there is a bidirectional link: one runs from human capital development to economic growth and overall human development, when human capital helps increase national income and society development; the other runs from economic growth to human capital development, as the resources from national income are allocated to activities contributing to human capital development. The study aims to empirically verify the existence of this interaction by carrying out a correlation analysis of the human capital development level among 120 countries, assessed by the Human Capital Index, and the world's national economic development level, as demonstrated by the Global Competitiveness Index, as well as the level of development of the world's nations (societies) as demonstrated by the Human Development Index.</p>The result of the analysis empirically demonstrated a strong link between the human capital development with the country's economic (r = +0.944, p = 0.000) and national development (r = +0.882, p = 0.000) in total by all countries. Nevertheless, carrying out the correlation analysis by groups of countries, which are divided according to the calculation methodology of the Global Competitiveness Index, depending on their stage of economic development, the relationship between human capital development and nation’s development is becoming weaker in some groups of countries, with the remaining strong correlation between the development of human capital and the economic development of a state in all groups of countries. This means that only highly developed human capital can contribute to the country's economic development, and vice versa, national economic performance increases human capital development in the framework of effective development policy. On the other hand, not always a close interaction between nation’s development and human capital development can be faced, since a highly developed human capital means the quality of the developed human capital

scholarly journals Work-Life Enrichment as an Important Element of Sustainable Human Capital Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Mikołajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Employee Needs ◽  
Desk Research

The article is the result of the desk research on time spent by Polish people at work and the different kinds of out-of-work activities undertaken by them. The author’s deliberations follow the philosophy of balancing employee needs and promoting work-life balance. The paper includes promotion of the idea of the harmonious growth in all areas of an individual’s functioning and activity, as well as the satisfaction of his/her physical and psychological needs. The purpose of the study was to analyse the interactions between work and out-of-work activity in the context of the mutual enrichment of work and personal life. As results from the conducted analyses, the practical implementation of the work-life enrichment idea into organizational behaviours could guarantee high quality of life with no harm to the society, environment or economy.

scholarly journals Improvement of investment support for human capital development in the conditions of digital transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Inna Irtyshcheva ◽  
Antonina Trushlyakova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Capital Development

The features of investment in the development of human capital in Ukraine at the regional level, in the private sector and at the household level have been investigated. It is noted that the state acts as the main investor in the formation and development of human capital, financing the main expenses in the field of education, medicine, cultural and physical development and social security. However, state policy in the context of limited financial resources and their irrational use does not contribute to the effective development and reproduction of human potential in accordance with the needs of the digital economy. Despite the nominal increase in social spending, their structure is irrational, and the spending itself do not consider as investment. An insufficient level of investment activity in the field of investment in human capital observe at the corporate and individual levels. It has been determined that the main incentive for the development of human capital affects the formation of a motivational basis at all levels is the purposeful, consistent and pragmatic activity of state authorities aimed at implementing a certain development strategy for the country, ensuring its security and macroeconomic stability. An important condition is also the creation of a regulatory framework that is adapted to the specifics and realities of economic and social transformations in the context of digitalization, the regulation of labor relations, and the preservation of social and investment guarantees. To regulate and intensify investment activities, a model of investment support for the human capital development is proposed. It involves the redistribution of investment resources in accordance with the subjects of investment and the expected results of the investment process, forms and criteria for assessing individual components of human capital at different stages of the life cycle, together form a general model of financing it development and reproduction at all levels.

Research on the Factors Influencing the Career Achievement of Enterprise Employees and the Establishment of Evaluation Criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2470-2482
Author(s):  
Guo Yuanli ◽  
Yi Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
Career Achievement ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Research Interview ◽  
Capital Development

Career achievement is the manifestation of professional values, which plays an important guiding role in career planning and human capital development. On the basis of theoretical literature research, this paper conducts a questionnaire survey and research interview for enterprise employees, explores the influencing factors of employee career achievement from the aspects of organizational support, job characteristics, social capital, individual conditions, career inclination and so on, and makes an empirical analysis, so as to construct the evaluation criteria of career achievement. According to the article: the factors influencing the career achievement of employees in enterprises are the same as those of employees in other enterprises, and is phased, personalized needs, should construct the diversified evaluation standard, namely: to break the traditional single career achievement evaluation concept, build a diversified organizational support system, establishing incentive salary welfare system, provide service for employees to grow professionally.

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