scholarly journals The Role of Global Economic Growth in Pakistani Agri-Food Exports

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahoor Ul Haq Zahoor Ul Haq ◽  
Mohamed Gheblawi ◽  
Safdar Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Global Economic Growth

This analysis uses least squares and Heckman maximum likelihood estimation procedures with fixed effects to explore the role of economic growth in 36 developed and developing economies—categorised as low-, lower-middle-, upper-middle-, and high-income—in explaining their agri-food import of 29 products from Pakistan during 1990 to 2000. We reject the hypothesis that the economic growth of these economies does not influence Pakistani agri-food product exports. However, the estimated income elasticities are statistically elastic only for lower-middle income countries, suggesting that their expenditure on Pakistani agri-food exports will increase disproportionately as their economies grow. Hence, lower-middle-income countries provide good export opportunities for Pakistan’s agri-food products. JEL Classifications: F14, Q17 Keywords: Economic Growth, Agri-food Trade, Income Elasticities, Developing Countries

Wither Convergence?

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Francisco C. Sercovich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Convergence ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
First Time

For the first time since the industrial revolution, emerging economies are the main driver of global economic growth. For all its significance, this cannot be taken as an indicator of global convergence, since it resulted essentially from the successful catching-up processes of just a few Asian countries over the last few decades, whilst the productivity and income of the bulk of the developing economies have lagged persistently behind those of the advanced economies. The former continue to have the potential to grow faster than the latter, but realizing this potential on sustainable basis makes it necessary to meet a number of increasingly stringent conditions. Grounds for optimism are considerably less solid today than was the case in the recent past. This is highlighted by the large number of countries locked-up in the ‘middle-income trap”. This chapter offers a fresh view of this phenomenon, examines the nature of the conditions required for the potential for catching-up of middle-income economies to be realized, and attempts to arrive at a realistic outlook on this matter.

scholarly journals Innovations in achieving sustainable economic performance under income inequality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Inna Cabelkova ◽  
Manuela Tvaronaviciene ◽  
Wadim Strielkowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

The negative effect of income inequality on economic growth represents a topic that constitutes a broad topic of research in the standard economic theory. One of the immediate consequences of income inequality is diminished consumption. Many «poor» customers cannot provide sufficient demand for the producers, causing overproduction that might lead to an economic crisis. It constitutes a problem because sustainable economic performance needs to be achieved under the conditions of income inequality. Reducing social and economic inequality in countries is an essential step towards ensuring that no one is left behind. It is also part of the 10th Sustainable Development Goal aimed to reduce it by 2030. Inequality is based on the income distribution between the top 1% and the bottom 99% of households in any given country. The degree of inequality could play a beneficial role if it is driven by market forces and is associated with incentives to increase growth. In developing and emerging countries, greater equality and improvements in living standards are needed to enable populations to flourish. Inequality reduction is one of the most critical steps a government could take to improve the well-being of its population. The income inequality growth increases human capital in poor countries and reduces it in high and middle-income countries. In poorer countries, it increases them, but in higher – and middle-income countries, it reduces them. Income inequality could be reduced by improving human capital and general skill levels, correcting labor-market policies, and making better use of financial services. In turn, sustainable economic growth could reverse the negative effects of inequality, reducing the need for high-wage and higher-earning households. Thus, it provides higher economic growth. This paper discusses three ways to circumvent the impact of decreasing consumption on economic growth adopted in developing economies over the last fifty years, such as increasing exports, providing loans for consumption, and printing new money. The findings showed that none of these methods seem to be sustainable in the long run. Thus novel and innovative mechanisms that would allow our economy to reduce inequality are necessary and need to be put into place.

Deindustrialization and the Demand for Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Heather-Leigh Kathryn Ba ◽  
Tyler Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Business Cycle

Abstract Current explanations of demand for anti-dumping protections focus on the role of the business cycle, and fluctuations in real exchange rates. However, empirical evidence supporting these explanations is based primarily on the experience of industrialized countries. Here, we examine anti-dumping petitions in a broader sample of thirty-four industrialized and middle income countries from 1978–2015. We also propose a new determinant of demand for anti-dumping petitions—changes in the pattern of industrial production between developed and developing economies over this period have contributed to deindustrialization in advanced economies and premature industrialization some developing countries. These changes threaten established industries and motivate them to demand protection.

scholarly journals Migrant Remittances and Economic Growth: The Role of Financial Efficiency

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Ningaye Paul ◽  
Abba Yadou Barnabé ◽  
Balla Mekongo Célestin Ghislain
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
Long Term Impact

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between migrant remittances and economic growth by considering the role of financial efficiency in 34 African countries from 1995 to 2016. The methodology is based on a GMM system model and a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) on a sample of 34 African countries. The empirical results show us the following conclusions: (i) Migrant remittances and financial efficiency have a positive impact on economic growth. (ii) The interaction between remittances and financial efficiency has a negative impact on economic growth. (iii) Migrant remittances have a long-term impact on economic growth. (iv) The combined effect of migrant remittances and financial efficiency has a negative impact on economic growth. Moreover, this impact is more pronounced in low-and middle-income countries. To better benefit from migrant remittances, recipient countries need to focus on financial development.

scholarly journals Dampak Kawasan dan Status Negara  Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi  Negara-Negara Terdampak Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Dedi Junaedi ◽  
Faisal Salistia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

  Faisal Salistia IAI Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor [email protected]     ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has had multi-sectoral impacts, including disrupting the economic growth of many countries. This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, fiscal capability as well as regional differences and country status on the economic growth of the affected countries. The method used is a quantitative method with a saturated sample of 135 countries, and a regression analysis approach with dummy variables. The results showed that the variables of pandemic cases, exposure time, population, regional differences and country status differences affected the economic growth of the affected countries (R2 0.6373). If the pandemic is under control and there is no disparity in management between regions and between countries, then global economic growth has the potential to be positive at 0.18%. If state spending is increased, it has the potential to reduce the impact of economic contraction by 0.27%. The management of the pandemic in the Asian, American and African regions is significantly different from that in the Australian region. Poor countries are different from developed countries, but not different from middle-income countries, in managing pandemics in their regions. In relative terms, the impact of the pandemic in Asia, America and Africa is heavier than other regions.

Depression in the Developing World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Minas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
International Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health And Social Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Culturally Informed ◽  
Global Understanding

This chapter provides an overview of what is known about prevalence, social determinants, treatment, and course and impact of depression in developing, or low- and middle-income, countries. The importance of culture in depression and in the construction and application of diagnostic classifications and in health and social services is highlighted, with a particular focus on the applicability of ‘Western’ diagnostic constructs and service systems in developing country settings. The role of international organizations, such as WHO, and international development programs, such as the SDGs, in improving our understanding of depression and in developing effective and culturally appropriate responses is briefly examined. There is both a need and increasing opportunities in developing countries for greater commitment to mental health of populations, increased investment in mental health and social services, and culturally informed research that will contribute to improved global understanding of mental disorders in general and depression in particular.

Health research capacity in Nepal: Analysis of the trend and the role of local researchers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552098277
Author(s):  
Madhu Kharel ◽  
Alpha Pokharel ◽  
Krishna P Sapkota ◽  
Prasant V Shahi ◽  
Pratisha Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Evidence-based decision-making is less common in low- and middle-income countries where the research capacity remains low. Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in Asia, is not an exception. We conducted a rapid review to identify the trend of health research in Nepal and found more than seven-fold increase in the number of published health-related articles between 2000 and 2018. The proportion of articles with Nepalese researchers as the first authors has also risen over the years, though they are still only in two-thirds of the articles in 2018.

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