scholarly journals Influence of Selected Curing Techniques on Compressive Strength of Concrete From Palm Kernel Shell Ash and Ordinary Portland Cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Babatola
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Crushed Aggregate ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

This paper discusses the findings of an experimental study on the effect of various curing procedures on the compressive strength of concrete produced by partially substituting portland cement with Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA). Palm kernel shell ash was utilized in a 1:2:4 mix ratio as a partial substitute for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at percentage levels of 0%, 10%, and 15%. River sand with particles passing a 4.75 mm BS sieve was used, as well as crushed aggregate with a maximum size of 20 mm, and palm kernel shell ash with particles passing a 212 μm sieve. The compressive strength of the test cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm) was determined after 7, 28, and 56 days of curing. The results demonstrated that test cubes containing Palm kernel shell ash developed strength over a longer curing period than ordinary Portland cement concrete samples and that the strength changes depending on the amount of PKSA in the cube samples. The findings showed that at 28 days, test cubes with 5%, 10%, and 15% PKSA content in all curing procedures utilized obtained a greater compressive strength. Curing by immersion produced the highest compressive strength in all replacement level while the concrete cured by sprinkling and spraying gives a lower strength in all replacement leve

scholarly journals Effect of Water Cement Ratios on Compressive Strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O Adeyemi ◽  
M.A Anifowose ◽  
I.O Amototo ◽  
S.A Adebara ◽  
M.Y Olawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

This study examined the effect of varying water cement ratio on the compressive strength of concrete produced using palm kernel shell (PKS) as coarse aggregate at different replacement levels. The replacement levels of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shells (PKS) were 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% respectively. PKS concrete cubes (144 specimens) of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 was adopted with water-cement ratio of 0.45, 0.5, and 0.6 respectively while the batching was done by weight. Slump test was conducted on fresh concrete while compressive strength test was carried out on the hardened concrete cubes using a compression testing machine of 2000kN capacity. The result of tests on fresh concrete shows that the slump height of 0.45 water cement ratio (w/c) increases with an increase in PKS%. This trend was similar to 0.50 and 0.60 w/c. However, the compressive strength of concrete cube decreases with an increase in w/c (from 0.45 to 0.60) but increases with respect to curing age and also decreases with increase in PKS%. Concrete with 0.45 water-cement ratio possess the highest compressive strength. It was observed that PKS is not a good substitute for coarse aggregate in mix ratio 1:2:4 for concrete productions. Hence, the study suggest the use of chemical admixture such as superplasticizer or calcium chloride in order to improve the strength of palm kernel shells-concrete.

scholarly journals Assessment of Workability and Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash-Blended Palm Kernel Shell Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Oriola
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

The evaluation of agro-industrial by-products as alternative construction materials is becoming more significant as the demand for environmentally friendly construction materials increases. In this study, the workability and compressive strength of concrete produced by combining Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) was investigated. Concrete mixes using a fixed content of 15% RHA as replacement for cement and 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% PKS as replacement for crushed granite by volume with the mix ratios of 1:1½:3, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 were produced. The water-to-cement ratios of 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 were used for the respective mix ratios. Concrete without PKS and RHA served as control mix. The fresh concrete workability was evaluated through slump test. The concrete hardened properties determined were the density and compressive strength. The results indicated that the workability and density of PKSC were lower than control concrete, and they decreased as the PKS content in each mix ratio was increased. The compressive strength of concrete at 90 days decreased from 27.8-13.1 N/mm2, 23.8-8.9 N/mm2and 20.6-7.6 for 1:1½:3, 1:2:4 and 1:3:6, respectively as the substitution level of PKS increased from 0-100%. However, the compressive strength of concrete increased with curing age and the gain in strength of concrete containing RHA and PKSC were higher than the control at the later age. The concrete containing 15% RHA with up to 40% PKS for 1:1½:3 and 20% PKS for 1:2:4 mix ratios satisfied the minimum strength requirements for structural lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC) stipulated by the relevant standards. It can be concluded that the addition of 15% RHA is effective in improving the strength properties of PKSC for eco-friendly SLWAC production..

scholarly journals Investigation of the Strength Properties of Palm Kernel Shell Ash Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Olutoge ◽  
H. A. Quadri ◽  
O. S. Olafusi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Many researchers have studied the use of agro-waste ashes as constituents in concrete. These agro-waste ashes are siliceous or aluminosiliceous materials that, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with the calcium hydroxide released by the hydration of Portland cement to form calcium silicate hydrate and other cementitious compounds. Palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) is a by-product in palm oil mills. This ash has pozzolanic properties that enables it as a partial replacement for cement but also plays an important role in the strength and durability of concrete. The use of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete is investigated. The objective of this paper is to alleviate the increasing challenges of scarcity and high cost of construction materials used by the construction industry in Nigeria and Africa in general, by reducing the volume of cement usage in concrete works. Collected PKSA was dried and sieved through a 45um sieve. The fineness of the PKSA was checked by sieving through 45um sieve. The chemical properties of the ash are examined whereas physical and mechanical properties of varying percentage of PKSA cement concrete and 100% cement concrete of mix 1:2:4 and 0.5 water-cement ratios are examined and compared. A total of 72 concrete cubes of size 150 × 150 × 150 mm³ with different volume percentages of PKSA to Portland cement in the order 0:100, 10:90 and 30:70 and mix ratio of 1:2:4 were cast and their physical and mechanical properties were tested at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days time. Although the compressive strength of PKSA concrete did not exceed that of OPC, compressive strength tests showed that 10% of the PKSA in replacement for cement was 22.8 N/mm2 at 28 days; which was quite satisfactory with no compromise in compressive strength requirements for concrete mix ratios 1:2:4. This research showed that the use of PKSA as a partial replacement for cement in concrete, at lower volume of replacement, will enhance the reduction of cement usage in concretes, thereby reducing the production cost. This research was carried out at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Experimental investigations on compressive, impact and prediction of stress-strain of fly ash-geopolymer and portland cement concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 583-590
Author(s):  
Nagajothi S ◽  
Elavenil S
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Strain Behaviour

AbstractThe recent technology of geopolymer concrete is a substitute material for ordinary portland cement concrete which is produced from the polycondensation reaction of aluminosilicate materials with alkaline activator solutions. The cost of river sand is high since the demand for the same is also high. Manufactured sand is used as a replacement material for river sand in geopolymer concrete. This paper mainly focuses to find the properties of fly ash (FA) – based geopolymer concrete under ambient cured temperature like compressive strength, stress strain behaviour, modulus of elasticity, Poission’s ratio and impact resistance. The result of geopolymer concrete is compared with ordinary portland cement concrete. The elasticity modulus and Poission’s ratio of geopolymer concrete are lower than conventional concrete. The Stress-strain behaviour of geopolymer concrete is similar to conventional concrete. The impact resistance of geopolymer concrete is very good when compared with conventional concrete.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Palm Kernel Shell Ash and Rice Husk Ash on Geopolymer Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 01044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harianto Hardjasaputra ◽  
Ivan Fernando ◽  
Judith Indrajaya ◽  
Melanie Cornelia ◽  
Rachmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Combustion Processes

As already known, cement production is one of the biggest contributors to CO2 emissions due to combustion processes that require high temperatures. This can trigger global warming so the solutions to reduce or even eliminate the use of cement continue to be developed. Geopolymer concrete is one solution to reduce the use of cement in the construction industry in the world. This study has the main objective to examine the effect of the use of palm kernel shell and ash rice husk ash in geopolymer concrete mixes on the strength of geopolymer concrete then compared with the use of palm kernel shell ash and rice husk ash on Portland cement concrete. In this study concluded that increasing the strength of geopolymer concrete with the use of palm kernel shell ash and rice husk ash tends to be insignificant when compared to the increase in strength in Portland cement concrete. The changes in the concentration of NaOH solution is more effective to increase the strength of geopolymer concrete.

scholarly journals Comparative Effect of Grinded and Ungrinded Palm Kernel Shell on the Strength of Pavers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluko, K.A ◽  
Elesho, R.O ◽  
Aderemi, A.M. ◽  
Adedipe, J.O. ◽  
Adewoye, A.A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Paving stones are increasing, being used by corporate bodies and individual for its functionalities and aesthetic value, the production of pavers over the years have been specifically carried out using stone dust which is relatively expensive and not readily affordable to the common man. This study was carried out to determine comparative effect of grinded and un-grinded palm kernel shell on the strength of pavers. Stone dust, river sand, grinded palm kernel shell, un-grinded palm kernel shell and cement were combine in different ratio namely,T1(4,0,0,0,l), T2(0,2,2,0,l), T3 (1,2,0,1,1), T4(1,1,2,0,l), T5(1,1,0,2,l), T6(0,2,l ,l,1) respectively to form six treatment with two replicates. The pavers were tested for weight and strength properties, T3 has the highest value of the mean weight while T1 has the lowest value. T3 (stone dust (1),river sand (2), un-grinded palm kernel shell (1) and 25kg of cement (1)), T1(stone dust (4) and 25kg of cement (1)).Also, the compressive strength results show that T3 also has the highest value of 127Mpa(Mega pascal) whileT6 has the lowest value of 33Mpa (Mega pascal). The data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference in the strength of the pavers. The analysis of variance shows that there is no significant difference between the compressive strength of the treatments. The colour of the paver shows that the paver produced with river sand and un-grinded palm kernel shell is brighter and stronger than others, it is then recommended that T3 can be used in the production of pavers because it is strong and can also withstand environmental stress.

The Effect of Nanoparticles of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) on Compressive Strength of Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Abdoullah Namdar ◽  
Fadzil Mat Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Stability Of Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

The quality of a construction material satisfies stability of structure. Several additives have been innovated for improve quality of compressive strength of concrete. In this paper for enhancement of compressive strength of concrete, a simple method has been proposed. The kaolin and bentonite have been treated by heat for duration of 1 hour, with constant temperature. For kaolin 200 oC, 400 oC, 600 oC, 800 oC, 1000 oC and 1200 oC of heat, and for bentonite 200 oC, 400 oC, 600 oC, 800 oC of heat has been subjected. The kaolin and bentonite treated by heat have been proposed as additive for concrete. The objective is to introduce an additive to improve compressive strength of concrete. The microstructure of modified Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) paste has been investigated by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results indicate that the best level of heat for produce additives from kaolin and bentonite, and illustrate quantity of additives for replace a portion of cement in concrete application. Modification of nanoparticles of cement paste during hydration has been discussed.

scholarly journals إيجاد مقاومة الضغط المستقبلية الناتجة تحت تأثير محتوى الكلوريدآت والكبريتات بالخرسانة

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
ابوالقاسم يحي ابوصبيع ◽  
الطيب حسن اونسة
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Great Degree ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Sulfate Content ◽  
Engineering Program ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Concrete Quality ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

The compressive strength of concrete is the primary characteristic of concrete quality, as the high durability of concrete is one of the characteristics that gave concrete its position, and low durability is the most important problem facing concrete. This study aims to lay the foundations for forming a preliminary idea on knowing the compressive strength of future concrete other than destroying concrete and following up on it without doing destructive tests for it. In order to obtain results that simulate reality to a great degree. In this research, a laboratory study was conducted where a concrete mixture was made and after conducting experiments on the materials included in the mixture and preparing concrete cubes of ordinary Portland cement and sulfate-resistant cement and compressive strength testing on them in times of 28 days and 60 days and 90 days and 180 days and 365 days and subjected to conditions Treating (water and air) and performing chemical analyzes on it to determine the percentage of chlorides and sulfates in the concrete. From the results of the research, an engineering program was designed using Mat lab program to obtain future strength. And reached by the program to know the compressive strength of future concrete under the influence of the chlorides and sulfate content of concrete and the results were good.  

An Experimental Study on Reasonable Content of Slag in Concrete C30

2013 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Qing Fang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Double Doping ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

This study used ordinary portland cement of 42.5 strength grade, mixed with various minerals and water reducer for the preparation of concrete C30 by means of four schemes, for each of which a specific mix proportion was employed. Accordingly the compressive strength of concrete with different preparations at different ages were compared. No matter which scheme was employed, single or double doping, with or without superplasticizer, the compressive strength of concrete at different ages was maximized when slag amount was 30% or maximum. Hence it can be concluded that the reasonable content of slag should be 30% for the preparation of concrete C30. It is suggested that the above results can be better applied to large-volume concrete, underground, harbor, road and bridge and civil engineering as well.

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