scholarly journals Financial Inclusion in Nigeria: A Gender Gap Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagbafor Marx O. ◽  
Adenegan Kemisola O. ◽  
Oladokun Yetunde O.M ◽  
Olasehinde Toba
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Farm Business

Ability to have access and use financial goods and services such as bank and mobile money accounts indicates the overall financial inclusion level of an economy and the higher the indices are in any economy, the better that economy is. Financial inclusion is important to realize inclusive growth in any country. It has direct impacts on the level of growth and development experienced by any economy. It can however, be skewed along gender lines as noticed overtime in the Nigerian economy and other developing economies. This study examined financial inclusion in Nigeria: a gender gap approach. It also determined the factors responsible for the gender gaps. The Global Findex (2014) dataset of Nigeria from World Bank database was used to analyse the aims of the study. In the study, 61% of the men were financially included, while only 43% of the female were financially included, with 18% gap. The gap in endowments accounted for the huge difference of the gap in outcomes as males seemed to be more naturally favoured by society than females. The level of education, wealth quintile, saved in past 12 months for farm/business purposes, sent domestic remittances in the past 12 months, paid utility bills in the past 12 months, and received wage payments in the past 12 months are the factors explaining the gender gaps in Nigeria. Thus the government and other relevant stakeholders should encourage females along these factors.

scholarly journals Esham, the Origin of Sukuk for Facing the Crisis: Historical Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Musari
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Budgets ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

Pandemic brings a crisis. This makes world leaders have to work hard and smartly in managing state budgets. During the heyday of Islam, Muslims also faced crises. Given that time the power of Islam mastered many areas of the world, it can be assumed that the crisis that occurred in the past was a global crisis as it is happening today. The difference is the crisis that occurred at the time because of losing the war. This paper tries to describe the historical experience of the esham, one of the fiscal instruments in the Islamic world that helped the Ottoman Empire overcome the crisis. Esham has mobilized low-cost funds from the public in a relatively concise time. Esham served as a better choice than looking for foreign debt. As the origin of sukuk, esham has simpler structure so that can be used as an alternative to sukuk with a lower cost. To deal with a crisis, esham may intervene in the economy. Esham funds to the real sector in turn will help the government drive the economy as well as control prices in the market for goods and services. Therefore, esham has the potential in facing the crisis.

scholarly journals Empowering Women through Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe Is the Gender Gap Not Encroaching This Noble Cause?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Lettiah Gumbo ◽  
Precious Dube ◽  
Muhammad Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Development ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Awareness

One of the most effective catalysts of economic growth of any nation is obviously financial inclusion. However, in developing countries such as Zimbabwe gender gap is still an impediment to the achievement of financial inclusion for all. Research findings for this paper show that, increasing women’s financial opportunities and financial awareness on how to access financial products and services will go a long way in reducing the gender gap. Furthermore, increasing access to and use of quality financial products and services is essential to inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction. Although the government of Zimbabwe is taking steps to increase women financial inclusiveness, research shows that women in Zimbabwe trail behind men in as far as access to financial services is concerned. Zimbabwean communities remain dominantly patriarchal and women are always lagging behind in developmental projects meant for their empowerment. This paper seeks to assess the implementation of women’s financial inclusion highlighting opportunities and barriers such as the gender gap and how this may be overcome. The study is qualitative in nature and therefore makes use of interviews and questionnaires for data collection. It is envisioned by the researchers that the research findings will be beneficial to women; their empowerment and development and national development. It is hoped to change the way in which the banking and financial sectors deal with women’s financial inclusion for the betterment of their livelihoods.  Furthermore, women’s financial empowerment will improve livelihoods of many families given the caring nature of mothers, sisters, aunts and grandmothers.

Effectiveness of Financial Inclusion Initiatives

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
K. Sanal Nair ◽  
Saumya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Way Anova

An inclusive financial system has been the major agenda of the Indian government over the past few years and several steps have been taken in this direction. The main purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of financial inclusion initiatives taken by Rajasthan government. A questionnaire was drafted and was sent to people from weaker section of the society who have been the beneficiaries of the financial inclusion initiative of the government. Research methodology adopted for the study includes descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA was used to test the association/non-association between the variables. The study concluded towards lack of awareness and usage of financial inclusion initiatives, especially internet, mobile banking, and credit card. In terms of experience with financial services, respondents were positive towards interest on loans and help received by banking staff with respect to documentation and identification norms as well as branch timings. However, distance from the bank and the availability of ATM was an issue for them.

Ghanaian banking reforms should strengthen sector

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Banking Reforms ◽  
The Government

Significance The move follows a streamlining process by the government over the past two years that has seen nine major banks liquidated by the Bank of Ghana (BoG). President Nana Akufo-Addo has said this is necessary to address liquidity shortfalls and combat corporate governance transgressions. Impacts The New Patriotic Party (NPP) government may struggle to counter accusations of a politically biased rationalisation process. Higher capitalisation requirements will compound barriers for new domestic entrants. The government will prioritise financial inclusion measures amid fears over the possible negative effects of rationalisation.

scholarly journals Path To Financial Inclusion: The Success Of Self-Help Groups-Bank Linkage Program In India

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Venkataramany ◽  
Balbir B. Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Women Groups ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
The Government ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Linkage Program

Financial inclusion has been a major theme in both industrialized and developing economies in the era of financial globalization. When microcredit institutions have received limited success in many countries, microfinance is being used in India for the purpose of accomplishing universal financial inclusion. This paper recognizes the overwhelming efforts of the Government of India and focuses on the success of the linkage between commercial banks and self-help groups (SHGs). The SHGs comprising predominantly women groups help in the social cause of alleviation of poverty, , increase of sustainability, reduction of vulnerability, improvement of capacity building and help the weaker sections build assets. Increased education, better standard of living, reduced child mortality and child labor, emancipation cum empowerment of women, and communal harmony are value adding benefits to the country.

scholarly journals Competitividad sostenible de la pequeña empresa: un modelo de promoción de capacidades endógenas para promover ventajas competitivas sostenibles y alta productividad

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Braulio Vargas ◽  
◽  
Carlos del Castillo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Business Network ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
The Government ◽  
External Interventions

In the past three decades, the competitiveness and productivity of the small enterprise have been favored by the government, business action and technical cooperation, which have made signifi cant contributions regarding promotion, development and provision of technical assistance. In the developing economies of the Asia Pacifi c region, these efforts are explained by the fact that the small enterprise contributes without question, to job generation, local economic dynamics, collective effi ciency of business network, and economic growth. In the economies of the region, most contributions have been channeled through public policies with a focus on capacity building. Nevertheless, according to preliminary studies in the main business clusters in Peru, the government’s promotion actions have not had a steady effect in competitiveness and productivity. Evidence suggests that business development services have a limited effect as they depend solely on external interventions. In contrast, successful entrepreneurship relies more on endogenous capacities. This article introduces a framework of promotion of the productivity and sustained competitiveness in the small enterprise, laying stress on endogenous capacities and an effi cient arrangement of external interventions.

scholarly journals Indonesian Logistics Infrastructure: The Performance and Fiscal Support

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Sigit Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
The Government

In the globalization and ASEAN Economic Community era, the competitiveness of Indonesian industries to sell goods and services is facing more severe challenges. It is partly due to the low performance of Indonesian logistics sector, and one of the contributing factors to the unsatisfactory logistics is poor logistics infrastructure. In this regard, this paper has several research objectives. The first is to analyze the performance of Indonesia logistics infrastructure in the past decade. The second is to analyze Indonesian logistics infrastructure development with its relevant fiscal policy support and evaluate its short-term progress. The research method adopted in this study is descriptive analytical method. In comparison with other countries, especially ASEAN region, the performance of Indonesian logistics infrastructure over the past decade tends to be steadily incompetitive, below the average of ASEAN countries. It is found to be one of the prime determinants of the high logistics costs in Indonesia. The government serious attention and the consistency of its policy towards improving logistics infrastructure during the 2014-2019 period has been partially seen, but the program sustainability is required in subsequent periods. In the short term, a temporary evaluation until 2017 of the sea toll program integrated with the construction of logistics infrastructure shows a positive impact. The positive impact is indicated from the decreasing prices of basic necessities in the eastern region of Indonesia by 20%-40%, and the economic revival of Eastern Indonesia region due to currently cheaper transportation costs.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND SOCIAL INCLUSION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN - OWNED BUSINESSES IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sajuyigbe Ademola S
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Recognising the indispensable role of women owned enterprises in general economic development, the government of Nigeria have offered support to the development of women owned enterprises through financial intermediary, infrastructures and policy measures. Despite of these indicators, the state of micro entrepreneurship has yet to reach a satisfactory level and women enterprises continue to lag behind that of their male counterparts. This study therefore investigated the influence of financial inclusion and social inclusion on the Performance of Women - Owned Businesses in Lagos State, Nigeria. The population of this study comprised all four thousand six thousand sixty three (4,663) women-owned Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) registered with SMEDAN while three hundred and fifty seven (357) were selected as a sample size for the study. The data collection instruments for the study were structured questionnaire and personal interview. Data were analyzed with the aid of Multiple Regression (Ordinary Least Square Estimation) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Results showed that financial inclusion and social inclusion have positive and significant influence on women–owned businesses performance. Additionally, financial inclusion and social inclusion jointly contribute about 42.9% to the performance of women –owned businesses. Results also indicated that social inclusion (r = 0. 543**) is positively and significantly related with the financial inclusion. The therefore recommended that government should have a policy in place through its financial regulator to encourage financial institutions to diversify their branch networks in the country and government should also have policies and regulatory frameworks in place that will close the gender gap in financial inclusion and social inclusion.

scholarly journals Correlate of Post-natal care utilization in rural Ethiopia: An evidence from Secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic Health survey 2016.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
REKIKU Fikre Abebe ◽  
Berhan Tsegaye Negash ◽  
Zelalem Tenaw bogale ◽  
wegene Jemebere Beru ◽  
Getnet Kassahun Molla
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

Abstract Abstract Background: Postnatalcareutilizationis the most neglected care in Ethiopian,despite a large proportion of maternal and neonatal deaths occurs during postnatal period. Evidence suggested that utilization of postnatal care averts major complications of the fetus and mother.But,proportion of rular women utilization of postnatal care is low in Ethiopia. Information about prevalence and factors which determine utilization of postnatal care utlization in rular women in Ethiopia is mandatory for policy making, and program design to enhance its utilization. Objective: Theobjective of this study was to determine the prevalence of utilization of postnatal care and to identify its determinant factorsamong rural women who gave birth in the past five yearsbefore Ethiopian demographic health survey, in 2016. Method: This study utilized data from Ethiopian demographic health survey2016 for analysis. It is a national two stage, cross sectional study. It analyzed data for rural women who gave birth at least one time in the past five year before data survey time. Logistic regression was applied to identify explanatory variables associated with outcome variable. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed and P-value< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result:The prevalenceof postnatal care utilizationamong rural women was 11.4%.Place of delivery[AOR=4.3, 95%CI, 1.4-5.2], ANCvisit [AOR=2.1, 95%CI, 1.1-3.9] and Women in the richest wealth quintile [AOR=2.97, 95%CI, 1.9-4.5] were factors associated with postnatal care service utilization among rural women in Ethiopia in 2016. Conclusion and recommendation: This study showed that prevalence of postnatal care utlization was low. Being in richest wealth quintile, history of ANC vist and place of delivery were positive predictors of postnatal care utlization among rural women. Regardless of proven strategies utilized to maximize utilization of postnatal care utlization by the government of Ethiopia, this study showed that prevalence is low in rural areas. Therefore, community awareness creation, increasing institutional coverage by expanding maternity waiting area and besides, the government should design and implement income increasing package among rural women.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

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