Anticariogenic action and safety profile of a cacao bean husk extract: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nowadays, there is not a meta-analytic synthesis of the clinical reports that used a cacao bean husk extract (CBHE) solution as an anticariogenic mouth rinse. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate that information through a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Scientific databases were searched for studies published up to June 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to studies found and then, their data was analyzed. The five selected studies were categorized with a 36.6, 58.5, and 4.9 % of a low, unclear, and high risk of bias, respectively. Under appropriate heterogeneities (I2 values from 0 to 65 %, p values > 0.09) and absent reporting bias (symmetrical funnels), the meta-analyses show that the use of a CBHE mouth rinse reduced the salivary count of Streptococcus mutans (Z values from 2.45 to 10.61, p values < 0.01), similar to the chlorhexidine rinse performance (Z value= 0.55, p value= 0.58), and produced an insignificant presence of adverse events (Z value= 0.92, p value= 0.36) in children and adults, all these effects compared with those volunteers under an ethanol rinse or their pretest conditions. In conclusion, the CBHE mouth rinse reduced a cariogenic bacterium under an acceptable safety profile, but more clinical studies with high quality and more parameters are needed.

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Impact of Common Spices on Glycemia in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 2-2

Author(s):

Sepideh Alasvand ◽

William Bridges ◽

Vivian Haley-Zitlin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

P Values ◽

Common Spices

Abstract Objectives This study examined the effect of common spices cardamom, ginger, cumin, curcuminoids and cinnamon on improving glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHEL, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library database of systematic review databases were searched using keywords (fasting blood glucose OR hemoglobin A1c OR HbA1c OR homeostasis) AND (Ginger or zingiber or “zingiber officinale” or “cinnamomum zeylanicum” or “cinnamomum aromaticum” or “cinnamomum cassia” or “cinnamomum verum” or curcumin or turmeric or curcuminoids or “curcuma longa” or langas or “curcuma zedoarias” or turmeric) AND (diabetes* OR “diabetes mellitus” OR “type 2” OR “blood glucose” OR insulin* OR antidiabet* OR “glucose level”) up to January 2020. Statistical calculations used SAS software version 9.2 (SAS, Cary NC, USA). P-values < 0.05 were considered significant, P-values < 0.10 were considered weakly significant. Results Twenty-three studies with 2237 trial participants were selected out of a 512 study pool. Spices decreased FBG and HbA1c %. The estimated reduction in intervention change vs. control change is as follows: A1c was −0.264 mg/dl, 95% CI (−0.5503, −0.02), P value 0.069; FBG was −9.9370 mg/dl, 95% CI (−20.79, 0.91), P value 0.07. A significant heterogeneity was observed overall among the all studies, indicating that not all studies had similar levels of decrease. Conclusions A correlation between consumption of certain common spices and significant reduction in glycemic indices among diabetes patients was proved. Funding Sources Clemson University.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Significance of TIGIT in Solid Cancers: Dual TIGIT/PD-1 Blockade to Overcome Immune-Resistance in Solid Cancers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10389

Author(s):

Negar Hosseinkhani ◽

Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad ◽

Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽

Noora Karim Ahangar ◽

Zahra Asadzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

T Cells ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Strong Association ◽

Positive Association ◽

P Value ◽

Immune Resistance ◽

Current Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analyses

Preclinical studies have indicated that T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) can substantially attenuate anti-tumoral immune responses. Although multiple clinical studies have evaluated the significance of TIGIT in patients with solid cancers, their results remain inconclusive. Thus, we conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) to determine its significance in patients with solid cancers. We systematically searched the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases to obtain peer-reviewed studies published before September 20, 2020. Our results have shown that increased TIGIT expression has been significantly associated with inferior overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.11–1.82, and p-value = 0.01). Besides, the level of tumor-infiltrating TIGIT+CD8+ T-cells have been remarkably associated inferior OS and relapse-free survival (RFS) of affected patients (HR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.43–3.29, and p-value < 0.001, and HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.36–2.63, and p-value < 0.001, respectively). Also, there is a strong positive association between TIGIT expression with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression in these patients (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.10–2.68, and p-value = 0.02). In summary, increased TIGIT expression and increased infiltration of TIGIT+CD8+ T-cells can substantially worsen the prognosis of patients with solid cancers. Besides, concerning the observed strong association between TIGIT and PD-1, ongoing clinical trials, and promising preclinical results, PD-1/TIGIT dual blockade can potentially help overcome the immune-resistance state seen following monotherapy with a single immune checkpoint inhibitor in patients with solid cancers.

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Topical Fluoride to Prevent Root Caries: Systematic Review with Network Meta-analysis

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520906384 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 506-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Zhang ◽

D. Sardana ◽

K.Y. Li ◽

K.C.M. Leung ◽

E.C.M. Lo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Root Caries ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Fluoride Toothpaste ◽

Caries Increment ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Topical Fluoride ◽

Topical Fluorides

The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to summarize the direct and indirect clinical evidence on the effectiveness of professionally applied and self-applied topical fluorides in preventing dental root caries. Controlled clinical trials with any follow-up duration were included. MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched. Two reviewers independently carried out the selection of studies, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessments, and assessment of the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Fixed effects model and frequentist approach were used in the network meta-analyses. Nine clinical trials involving 4,030 participants were included. Five professionally applied and 7 self-applied topical fluoride agents or combinations were included in the meta-analyses. Compared to control group, 38% silver diamine fluoride solution, 5% sodium fluoride varnish, and 1.2% acidulated phosphate fluoride reduced root caries increment after 2 y (ranging from 0.59 to 0.85 mean decayed or filled root [DF-root]). Fluoride mouth rinse and fluoride toothpaste, used alone or in combination, reduced root caries increment after 1 y (ranging from 0.29 to 1.90 mean DF-root). Among the professionally applied topical fluorides reviewed, an annually applied 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution combined with oral health education is most likely to be the most effective in preventing dental root caries. Among the reviewed self-applied topical fluoride methods, daily use of a 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouth rinse is most likely to be the most effective, followed by 1100 ppm to 1500 ppm fluoride toothpaste plus 0.05% NaF mouth rinse, and 1100 ppm to 1500 ppm fluoride toothpaste.

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Survival Rate and Prosthetic and Sinus Complications of Zygomatic Dental Implants for the Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Edentulous Maxilla: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10070601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 601

Author(s):

David Gutiérrez Muñoz ◽

Caterina Obrador Aldover ◽

Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽

Héctor González Menéndez ◽

Juan Lorrio Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Series ◽

P Value ◽

High Survival ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Prosthetic Complications

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze and compare the survival rate and prosthetic and sinus complications of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, of clinical studies that evaluated the survival rate and prosthetic and sinus complications of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Four databases were consulted during the literature search: Pubmed–Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. After eliminating duplicate articles and applying the inclusion criteria, 46 articles were selected for the qualitative analysis and 32 for the quantitative analysis. Results: Four randomized controlled trials, 19 prospective clinical studies, 20 retrospective studies, and 3 case series were included in the meta-analysis. Conventional dental implants failure (n = 3549) were seen in 2.89% (IC-95% 1.83–3.96%), while zygomatic dental implants failure (n = 1895) were seen in 0.69% (IC-95% 0.21–1.16%). The measure of the effect size used was the Odds Ratio, which was estimated at 2.05 with a confidence interval of 95% between 1.22 and 3.44 (z test = 2.73; p-value = 0.006). The failure risk of conventional dental implants is 2.1 times higher than that of zygomatic dental implants. Slight heterogeneity was determined in the meta-analysis between 23 combined studies (Q test = 32.4; p-value = 0.070; I2 = 32.1%). Prosthetic complications were recorded in 4.9% (IC-95% 2.7–7.3%) and mild heterogeneity was observed in a meta-analysis of 28 combined studies (Q test = 88.2; p-value = 0.001; I2 = 69.4%). Sinus complications were seen in 4.7% (IC-95% 2.8–6.5%) and mild heterogeneity was observed in a meta-analysis of 32 combined studies (Q test = 75.3; p-value = 0.001; I2 = 58.8%). Conclusions: The high survival rate and low prosthetic and sinus complications related to zygomatic dental implants suggest the use of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla.

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Undernutrition and its determinants among Ethiopian adolescent girls: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026718 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e026718 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wubet Worku Takele ◽

Achenef Asmamaw Muche ◽

Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽

Yehualashet Fikadu Ambaw ◽

Fasil Wagnew

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Health Concern ◽

Forest Plot ◽

P Value ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Registration Number ◽

Trim And Fill ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionIn Ethiopia, undernutrition is the common public health concern, swaying the lives of lots of adolescent girls. Its sequelae are not only limited to them, but rather their upcoming offspring are vulnerable too. Even though some studies have been carried out in different parts of the country, the national pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition are not known. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished articles will be retrieved from databases such as Medline and PubMed. Electronic search engines such as Google Scholar and Google will be used. To identify eligible studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal checklists prepared for different study designs will be used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be used to maintain the scientific robustness of the study. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined by forest plot as well as I2heterogeneity test. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored by carrying out sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model will be used provided that heterogeneity is observed. Publication bias will be examined by observing funnel plots, and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If the funnel plot is asymmetric and/or Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), the trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie’s) analysis will be performed. The presence of a statistical association between independent and dependent variables will be declared if the p value is <0.05 with the 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a systematic review and meta-analysis, ethical clearance will not be a concern. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed reputable journal and presented at different scientific research conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42018106180.

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Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with a Large Ischemic Volume at Presentation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Stroke ◽

10.5853/jos.2021.00724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 358-366

Author(s):

Basile Kerleroux ◽

Kevin Janot ◽

Jean François Hak ◽

Johannes Kaesmacher ◽

Wagih Ben Hassen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Control Group ◽

Z Value ◽

Ischemic Core ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Core Volume

The benefits of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and a large ischemic core (LIC) at presentation are uncertain. We aimed to obtain up-to-date aggregate estimates of the outcomes following MT in patients with volumetrically assessed LIC. We conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-conformed, PROSPERO-registered, systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that included patients with AIS and a baseline LIC treated with MT, reported ischemic core volume quantitatively, and included patients with a LIC defined as a core volume ≥50 mL. The search was restricted to studies published between January 2015 and June 2020. Random-effects-meta-analysis was used to assess the effect of MT on 90-day unfavorable outcome (i.e., modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3–6), mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) occurrence. Sensitivity analyses were performed for imaging-modality (computed tomography-perfusion or magnetic resonance-diffusion weighted imaging) and LIC-definition (≥50 or ≥70 mL). We analyzed 10 studies (954 patients), including six (682 patients) with a control group, allowing to compare 332 patients with MT to 350 who received best-medical-management alone. Overall, after MT the rate of patients with mRS 3–6 at 90 days was 74% (99% confidence interval [CI], 67 to 84; Z-value=7.04; I2=92.3%) and the rate of 90-day mortality was 36% (99% CI, 33 to 40; Z-value=–7.07; I2=74.5). Receiving MT was associated with a significant decrease in mRS 3–6 odds ratio (OR) 0.19 (99% CI, 0.11 to 0.33; P<0.01; Z-value=–5.92; I2=62.56) and in mortality OR 0.60 (99% CI, 0.34 to 1.06; P=0.02; Z-value=–2.30; I2=58.72). Treatment group did not influence the proportion of patients experiencing sICH, OR 0.96 (99% CI, 0.2 to 1.49; P=0.54; Z-value=–0.63; I2=64.74). Neither imaging modality for core assessment, nor LIC definition influenced the aggregated outcomes. Using aggregate estimates, MT appeared to decrease the risk of unfavorable functional outcome in patients with a LIC assessed volumetrically at baseline.

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Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186686 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6686 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniele Nucci ◽

Cristina Fatigoni ◽

Andrea Amerio ◽

Anna Odone ◽

Vincenza Gianfredi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

P Value ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Meat Intake ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Red And Processed Meat

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. On average, depression first appears during the late teens to mid-20s as result of a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the association between red and processed meat intake and depression (both incident and prevalent). This systematic review was conducted according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant papers published through March 2020 were identified by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. All analyses were conducted using ProMeta3 software. A critical appraisal was conducted. Finally, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall effect size (ES) of depression for red and processed meat intake was 1.08 [(95% CI = 1.04; 1.12), p-value < 0.001], based on 241,738 participants. The results from our meta-analysis showed a significant association between red and processed meat intake and risk of depression. The presented synthesis will be useful for health professionals and policy makers to better consider the effect of diet on mental health status.

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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Immunomodulator and Biologic Therapies for Treatment of Chronic Pouchitis

10.1101/2021.01.19.21250059 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emi Khoo ◽

Andrew Lee ◽

Teresa Neeman ◽

Yoon-Kyo An ◽

Jakob Begun

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Safety Profile ◽

Full Text ◽

Remission Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Clinical Response Rate ◽

Primary Therapy ◽

Biologic Therapies ◽

Remission Rates ◽

Meta Analyses

SummaryBackgroundPouchitis is a common complication after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Although antibiotics are the primary therapy for acute pouchitis, a proportion of patients developed chronic antibiotic-dependent pouchitis (CADP) or antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (CARP). The efficacy of second line immunomodulator and biologic therapies for chronic pouchitis remain undefined. We performed a systematic review and metanalysis of published studies to assess their efficacy.MethodThe online EMBASE database was searched for full-text articles describing the treatment of chronic pouchitis meeting our criteria. Post-induction clinical and endoscopic response and remission rates were extracted and combined for meta-analyses. The rate of treatment discontinuation and safety profiles were also assessed.ResultsA total of 21 full-text articles were included in this meta-analysis representing 491 patients. The overall clinical response rate was 49% with clinical remission rate of 34%. The overall endoscopic response and remission rates were 53% and 36% respectively. The safety profile of individual agents was reassuring, but vedolizumab appears to have a more favorable safety profile.ConclusionThis review and meta-analysis identified the effectiveness of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in achieving clinical and endoscopic response in chronic pouchitis, with a reassuring safety profile. There is limited data regarding use of immunomodulators and no conclusion can be drawn. Further studies are required to define the comparative effectiveness of available treatments of CADP or CARP.

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Effectiveness of Global Postural Re-Education in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10225327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 5327

Author(s):

Gloria Gonzalez-Medina ◽

Veronica Perez-Cabezas ◽

Carmen Ruiz-Molinero ◽

Gema Chamorro-Moriana ◽

Jose Jesus Jimenez-Rejano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Low Back ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

And Function

Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the global postural re-education (GPR) program’s effectiveness compared to other exercise programs in subjects with persistent chronic low back pain. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out using PRISMA2020. An electronic search of scientific databases was performed from their inception to January 2021. Randomized controlled trials that analyzed pain and patient-reported outcomes were included in this review. Four meta-analyses were performed. The outcomes analyzed were disability due to back pain and pain. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were evaluated. The final search was conducted in March. Results: Seven trials were included, totaling 334 patients. The results showed improvement in pain measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) = −0.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), −1.01 to −0.37; p < 0.0001), Numerical Pain Scale (NRS) (SMD = −0.40; 95% CI, −0.87 to 0.06); p = 0.022), VAS + NRS (SMD = −1.32; 95% CI, −1.87 to −0.77; p < 0.0001) and function (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)) (SMD = −0.55; 95% CI, −0.83 to −0.27; p < 0.0001) after GPR treatment. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides reliable evidence that GPR may be an effective method for treating LBP by decreasing pain and improving function, with strong evidence.

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Depression and Objectively Measured Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103738 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3738 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vincenza Gianfredi ◽

Lorenzo Blandi ◽

Stefano Cacitti ◽

Mirko Minelli ◽

Carlo Signorelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Protective Role ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

P Value ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Objectively Measured

Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease, with high prevalence and relapse rate. Several factors have been considered in order to reduce the depression burden. Among them, physical activity (PA) showed a potential protective role. However, evidence is contrasting probably because of the differences in PA measurement. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the association between objectively measured PA and incident and prevalent depression. The systematic review was conducted according to methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant papers published through 31 August 2019 were identified searching through the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (Embase), PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane Library. All analyses were conducted using ProMeta3. Finally, 42 studies met inclusion criteria. The overall Effect size (ES) of depression for the highest vs. the lowest level of PA was −1.16 [(95% CI = −1.41; −0.91), p-value < 0.001] based on 37,408 participants. The results of the meta-analysis showed a potential protective effect of PA on prevalent and incident depression.

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