scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Significance of TIGIT in Solid Cancers: Dual TIGIT/PD-1 Blockade to Overcome Immune-Resistance in Solid Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10389
Author(s):  
Negar Hosseinkhani ◽  
Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Noora Karim Ahangar ◽  
Zahra Asadzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
P Value ◽  
Immune Resistance ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

Preclinical studies have indicated that T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) can substantially attenuate anti-tumoral immune responses. Although multiple clinical studies have evaluated the significance of TIGIT in patients with solid cancers, their results remain inconclusive. Thus, we conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) to determine its significance in patients with solid cancers. We systematically searched the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases to obtain peer-reviewed studies published before September 20, 2020. Our results have shown that increased TIGIT expression has been significantly associated with inferior overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.11–1.82, and p-value = 0.01). Besides, the level of tumor-infiltrating TIGIT+CD8+ T-cells have been remarkably associated inferior OS and relapse-free survival (RFS) of affected patients (HR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.43–3.29, and p-value < 0.001, and HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.36–2.63, and p-value < 0.001, respectively). Also, there is a strong positive association between TIGIT expression with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression in these patients (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.10–2.68, and p-value = 0.02). In summary, increased TIGIT expression and increased infiltration of TIGIT+CD8+ T-cells can substantially worsen the prognosis of patients with solid cancers. Besides, concerning the observed strong association between TIGIT and PD-1, ongoing clinical trials, and promising preclinical results, PD-1/TIGIT dual blockade can potentially help overcome the immune-resistance state seen following monotherapy with a single immune checkpoint inhibitor in patients with solid cancers.

scholarly journals Anticariogenic action and safety profile of a cacao bean husk extract: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Flavio Martinez-Morales ◽  
Saray Aranda Romo ◽  
Othoniel Hugo Aragon-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
P Values ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Z Value ◽  
Cariogenic Bacterium ◽  
Meta Analyses

Nowadays, there is not a meta-analytic synthesis of the clinical reports that used a cacao bean husk extract (CBHE) solution as an anticariogenic mouth rinse. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate that information through a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Scientific databases were searched for studies published up to June 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to studies found and then, their data was analyzed. The five selected studies were categorized with a 36.6, 58.5, and 4.9 % of a low, unclear, and high risk of bias, respectively. Under appropriate heterogeneities (I2 values from 0 to 65 %, p values > 0.09) and absent reporting bias (symmetrical funnels), the meta-analyses show that the use of a CBHE mouth rinse reduced the salivary count of Streptococcus mutans (Z values from 2.45 to 10.61, p values < 0.01), similar to the chlorhexidine rinse performance (Z value= 0.55, p value= 0.58), and produced an insignificant presence of adverse events (Z value= 0.92, p value= 0.36) in children and adults, all these effects compared with those volunteers under an ethanol rinse or their pretest conditions. In conclusion, the CBHE mouth rinse reduced a cariogenic bacterium under an acceptable safety profile, but more clinical studies with high quality and more parameters are needed.

scholarly journals Extent of Primary DNA Damage Measured by the Comet Assay in Health Professionals Exposed to Antineoplastic Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Gianfredi ◽  
Daniele Nucci ◽  
Cristina Fatigoni ◽  
Tania Salvatori ◽  
Milena Villarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Antineoplastic Drugs ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Primary Dna Damage

Background: Antineoplastic drugs (ANDs) are a broad group of chemicals showing, at the same time, carcinogenic effects. The potential, albeit true, risk of side effects cannot be accepted, especially if resulting from occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to ANDs and the extent of primary DNA damage in health professionals. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus were used to perform the literature search. The databases were examined in July 2019. Sub-group, moderator, and cumulative analyses were conducted. The trim and fill method was used in the case of potential publication bias. Results: Twenty studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 19 in quantitative evaluation. The pooled effect size was 1.27 [(95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66–1.88), p = 0.000] based on 1569 subjects. The moderator analysis by duration of exposure showed a positive association between duration of exposure and primary DNA damage. Conclusions: This systematic review clearly shows a significant association between occupational exposure to ANDs and the extent of primary DNA damage in health professionals. Considering these results, health professionals should be warned against this potential occupational risk.

scholarly journals Survival Rate and Prosthetic and Sinus Complications of Zygomatic Dental Implants for the Rehabilitation of the Atrophic Edentulous Maxilla: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
David Gutiérrez Muñoz ◽  
Caterina Obrador Aldover ◽  
Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽  
Héctor González Menéndez ◽  
Juan Lorrio Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Prosthetic Complications

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze and compare the survival rate and prosthetic and sinus complications of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Materials and methods: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, of clinical studies that evaluated the survival rate and prosthetic and sinus complications of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. Four databases were consulted during the literature search: Pubmed–Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. After eliminating duplicate articles and applying the inclusion criteria, 46 articles were selected for the qualitative analysis and 32 for the quantitative analysis. Results: Four randomized controlled trials, 19 prospective clinical studies, 20 retrospective studies, and 3 case series were included in the meta-analysis. Conventional dental implants failure (n = 3549) were seen in 2.89% (IC-95% 1.83–3.96%), while zygomatic dental implants failure (n = 1895) were seen in 0.69% (IC-95% 0.21–1.16%). The measure of the effect size used was the Odds Ratio, which was estimated at 2.05 with a confidence interval of 95% between 1.22 and 3.44 (z test = 2.73; p-value = 0.006). The failure risk of conventional dental implants is 2.1 times higher than that of zygomatic dental implants. Slight heterogeneity was determined in the meta-analysis between 23 combined studies (Q test = 32.4; p-value = 0.070; I2 = 32.1%). Prosthetic complications were recorded in 4.9% (IC-95% 2.7–7.3%) and mild heterogeneity was observed in a meta-analysis of 28 combined studies (Q test = 88.2; p-value = 0.001; I2 = 69.4%). Sinus complications were seen in 4.7% (IC-95% 2.8–6.5%) and mild heterogeneity was observed in a meta-analysis of 32 combined studies (Q test = 75.3; p-value = 0.001; I2 = 58.8%). Conclusions: The high survival rate and low prosthetic and sinus complications related to zygomatic dental implants suggest the use of zygomatic dental implants for the rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and its determinants among Ethiopian adolescent girls: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e026718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubet Worku Takele ◽  
Achenef Asmamaw Muche ◽  
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽  
Yehualashet Fikadu Ambaw ◽  
Fasil Wagnew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionIn Ethiopia, undernutrition is the common public health concern, swaying the lives of lots of adolescent girls. Its sequelae are not only limited to them, but rather their upcoming offspring are vulnerable too. Even though some studies have been carried out in different parts of the country, the national pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition are not known. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among adolescent girls in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished articles will be retrieved from databases such as Medline and PubMed. Electronic search engines such as Google Scholar and Google will be used. To identify eligible studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal checklists prepared for different study designs will be used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist will be used to maintain the scientific robustness of the study. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined by forest plot as well as I2heterogeneity test. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored by carrying out sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model will be used provided that heterogeneity is observed. Publication bias will be examined by observing funnel plots, and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If the funnel plot is asymmetric and/or Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), the trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie’s) analysis will be performed. The presence of a statistical association between independent and dependent variables will be declared if the p value is <0.05 with the 95% CI.Ethics and disseminationSince this is a systematic review and meta-analysis, ethical clearance will not be a concern. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed reputable journal and presented at different scientific research conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42018106180.

scholarly journals The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and children’s working memory abilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260788
Author(s):  
Kate E. Mooney ◽  
Stephanie L. Prady ◽  
Mary M. Barker ◽  
Kate E. Pickett ◽  
Amanda H. Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Harvest Plot

Background and objective Working memory is an essential cognitive skill for storing and processing limited amounts of information over short time periods. Researchers disagree about the extent to which socioeconomic position affects children’s working memory, yet no study has systematically synthesised the literature regarding this topic. The current review therefore aimed to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic position and working memory in children, regarding both the magnitude and the variability of the association. Methods The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO and the PRISMA checklist was followed. Embase, Psycinfo and MEDLINE were comprehensively searched via Ovid from database inception until 3rd June 2021. Studies were screened by two reviewers at all stages. Studies were eligible if they included typically developing children aged 0–18 years old, with a quantitative association reported between any indicator of socioeconomic position and children’s working memory task performance. Studies were synthesised using two data-synthesis methods: random effects meta-analyses and a Harvest plot. Key findings The systematic review included 64 eligible studies with 37,737 individual children (aged 2 months to 18 years). Meta-analyses of 36 of these studies indicated that socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with significantly lower scores working memory measures; a finding that held across different working memory tasks, including those that predominantly tap into storage (d = 0.45; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.62) as well as those that require processing of information (d = 0.52; 0.31 to 0.72). A Harvest plot of 28 studies ineligible for meta-analyses further confirmed these findings. Finally, meta-regression analyses revealed that the association between socioeconomic position and working memory was not moderated by task modality, risk of bias, socioeconomic indicator, mean age in years, or the type of effect size. Conclusion This is the first systematic review to investigate the association between socioeconomic position and working memory in children. Socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with lower working memory ability in children, and that this association was similar across different working memory tasks. Given the strong association between working memory, learning, and academic attainment, there is a clear need to share these findings with practitioners working with children, and investigate ways to support children with difficulties in working memory.

scholarly journals Prognostic Impact of Memory CD8(+) T Cells on Immunotherapy in Human Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Jin ◽  
Aili Tan ◽  
Jia Feng ◽  
Zexi Xu ◽  
Peiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells

ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prognostic value of memory CD8(+) T cells in cancer patients with immunotherapy.MethodsEMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), and Web of Science databases were searched to identify suitabile articles published before March 2021. Risk of bias on the study level was assessed using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment Tool. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of pooled progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using RevMan 5.4 to evaluate the prognostic impact of memory CD8(+) T cells.ResultsIn total, nine studies were included in the final analysis. High levels of memory CD8(+) T cells were significantly closely correlated with better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of cancer patients with immunotherapy (PFS, HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.53–0.78; OS, HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.21–0.65). Memory CD8(+) T cells still have significant prognostic value in cancer patients given immunotherapy alone after excluding of other interfering factors such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy (PFS, HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48–0.89; OS, HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.13–0.42). However, high memory CD8(+) T cells levels did not correspond to a longer PFS or OS in cancer patients with non-immunotherapy (PFS, HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.63–1.73; OS, HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.48–3.48). Thus, memory CD8(+) T cells might be a promising predictor in cancer patients with immunotherapy.ConclusionsThe host’s overall immune status, and not only the tumor itself, should be considered to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients. This study is the first to show the significant prognostic value of memory CD8(+) T cells in immunotherapy of cancer patients through systematic review and meta-analysis. Thus, the detection of memory CD8(+) T cells has a considerable value in clinical practice in cancer patients with immunotherapy. Memory CD8(+) T cells may be promising immunotherapy targets.

scholarly journals Positive Association of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) with Chronic Exposure to Drinking Water Arsenic (As) at Concentrations below the WHO Provisional Guideline Value: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingqian Xu ◽  
Debapriya Mondal ◽  
David A. Polya
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Guideline Value

To the best of our knowledge, a dose-response meta-analysis of the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and arsenic (As) exposure at drinking water As concentrations lower than the WHO provisional guideline value (10 µg/L) has not been published yet. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to estimate the pooled association between the relative risk of each CVD endpoint and low-level As concentration in drinking water both linearly and non-linearly using a random effects dose-response model. In this study, a significant positive association was found between the risks of most CVD outcomes and drinking water As concentration for both linear and non-linear models (p-value for trend < 0.05). Using the preferred linear model, we found significant increased risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and CVD mortality as well as combined fatal and non-fatal CHD, CVD, carotid atherosclerosis disease and hypertension in those exposed to drinking water with an As concentration of 10 µg/L compared to the referent (drinking water As concentration of 1 µg/L) population. Notwithstanding limitations included, the observed significant increased risks of CVD endpoints arising from As concentrations in drinking water between 1 µg/L and the 10 µg/L suggests further lowering of this guideline value should be considered.

The Outcomes of Isolated Distal Realignment Procedures in Patellofemoral Instability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Si Heng Sharon Tan ◽  
Sheng Yang Lim ◽  
Keng Lin Wong ◽  
Chintan Doshi ◽  
Andrew Kean Seng Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Patellofemoral Instability ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Proximal Realignment ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Distal Realignment

AbstractDistal realignment procedures are now commonly performed routinely with proximal realignment procedures. Despite so, only a limited number of publications exist that have looked into the efficacy of isolated distal realignment procedures, and whether there is indeed a need for routine proximal realignment procedures to be added to the distal realignment procedures. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the outcomes of isolated distal realignment procedures in the management of patellofemoral instability. The review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRSIMA) guidelines. All studies that reported the outcomes of isolated distal realignment procedures for patellofemoral instability were included. A total of six publications were included, with 347 knees. All studies consistently reported a decrease in the rates of patellofemoral instability or maltracking (odds ratio [OR]: < 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: < 0.01–0.01) and an increase in the odds of having a good outcome (OR: 0.01; 95% CI: < 0.01–0.02) after distal realignment procedures. A total of 24 out of 306 patients (7.8%) had postoperative instability or maltracking, and a total of 220 out of 303 patients (72.6%) were rated to have good or excellent outcomes postoperatively. Isolated distal realignment procedures can lead to good outcomes when used in the management of patellofemoral instability. These include a significantly decreased rate of patellofemoral instability or maltracking and a significantly increased number of patients with excellent or good outcomes postoperatively. Comparisons between patients with and without additional proximal realignment procedures suggest that additional proximal realignment procedures do not definitely improve the outcomes of distal realignment procedures and, therefore, should not be routinely performed in all patients undergoing distal realignment procedures. The Level of Evidence for this study is IV.

scholarly journals Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk of Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Nucci ◽  
Cristina Fatigoni ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
Anna Odone ◽  
Vincenza Gianfredi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. On average, depression first appears during the late teens to mid-20s as result of a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the association between red and processed meat intake and depression (both incident and prevalent). This systematic review was conducted according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant papers published through March 2020 were identified by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. All analyses were conducted using ProMeta3 software. A critical appraisal was conducted. Finally, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall effect size (ES) of depression for red and processed meat intake was 1.08 [(95% CI = 1.04; 1.12), p-value < 0.001], based on 241,738 participants. The results from our meta-analysis showed a significant association between red and processed meat intake and risk of depression. The presented synthesis will be useful for health professionals and policy makers to better consider the effect of diet on mental health status.

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