scholarly journals Implementation of Min Max Algorithm as Intelligent Agent on Card Battle Game

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvester Dian Handy Permana
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Intelligent Agent ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Special Algorithm

Information technology brings transformation from the physical world into the digital world. This transformation developed in various fields, especially games. In the past, games that are involving physical objects such as chess, cards, dominoes, and mahjong are popular for the publics. Card battle game is a game that pits strength between 2 cards. The game must have 2 players who will compete. However, if a player wants to practice before the match or wants to play alone, he needs Non Player Character (NPC). The NPC will be the opponent in card battle games. In order for NPCs to be able to fight players, a special algorithm is needed to make the NPCs compete with players. The algorithm that can be implemented into the NPC is the Min Max Algorithm. This algorithm is a responsive algorithm which can count every step of the player. The results of this study are expected to provide suitable opponents for players who want to practice or compete in Card Battle Game on their own.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Electromagnetic Manipulation: From Tunable to Programmable and Intelligent Metasurfaces

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Sisi Luo ◽  
Jianjiao Hao ◽  
Fuju Ye ◽  
Jiaxin Li ◽  
Ying Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical World ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
And Control

Looking back on the development of metamaterials in the past 20 years, metamaterials have gradually developed from three-dimensional complex electromagnetic structures to a two-dimensional metasurface with a low profile, during which a series of subversive achievements have been produced. The form of electromagnetic manipulation of the metasurface has evolved from passive to active tunable, programmable, and other dynamic and real-time controllable forms. In particular, the proposal of coding and programmable metasurfaces endows metasurfaces with new vitality. By describing metamaterials through binary code, the digital world and the physical world are connected, and the research of metasurfaces also steps into a new era of digitalization. However, the function switch of traditional programmable metamaterials cannot be achieved without human instruction and control. In order to achieve richer and more flexible function regulation and even higher level metasurface design, the intelligence of metamaterials is an important direction in its future development. In this paper, we review the development of tunable, programmable, and intelligent metasurfaces over the past 5 years, focusing on basic concepts, working principles, design methods, manufacturing, and experimental validation. Firstly, several manipulation modes of tunable metasurfaces are discussed; in particular, the metasurfaces based on temperature control, mechanical control, and electrical control are described in detail. It is demonstrated that the amplitude and phase responses can be flexibly manipulated by the tunable metasurfaces. Then, the concept, working principle, and design method of digital coding metasurfaces are briefly introduced. At the same time, we introduce the active programmable metasurfaces from the following aspects, such as structure, coding method, and three-dimensional far-field results, to show the excellent electromagnetic manipulation ability of programmable metasurfaces. Finally, the basic concepts and research status of intelligent metasurfaces are discussed in detail. Different from the previous programmable metamaterials, which must be controlled by human intervention, the new intelligent metamaterials control system will realize autonomous perception, autonomous decision-making, and even adaptive functional manipulation to a certain extent.

A basic introduction to image processing using NIH-Image as a model

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
John Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Digital Instrument ◽  
Novice User ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Instrument Control

Advances in camera technology and digital instrument control have meant that in modern microscopy, the image that was, in the past, typically recorded on a piece of film is now recorded directly into a computer. The transfer of the analog image seen in the microscope to the digitized picture in the computer does not mean, however, that the problems associated with recording images, analyzing them, and preparing them for publication, have all miraculously been solved. The steps involved in the recording an image to film remain largely intact in the digital world. The image is recorded, prepared for measurement in some way, analyzed, and then prepared for presentation.Digital image acquisition schemes are largely the realm of the microscope manufacturers, however, there are also a multitude of “homemade” acquisition systems in microscope laboratories around the world. It is not the mission of this tutorial to deal with the various acquisition systems, but rather to introduce the novice user to rudimentary image processing and measurement.

scholarly journals Free Will in Human Behavior and Physics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Quantum Bit ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

If the concept of “free will” is reduced to that of “choice” all physical world share the latter quality. Anyway the “free will” can be distinguished from the “choice”: The “free will” involves implicitly a certain goal, and the choice is only the mean, by which the aim can be achieved or not by the one who determines the target. Thus, for example, an electron has always a choice but not free will unlike a human possessing both. Consequently, and paradoxically, the determinism of classical physics is more subjective and more anthropomorphic than the indeterminism of quantum mechanics for the former presupposes certain deterministic goal implicitly following the model of human freewill behavior. Quantum mechanics introduces the choice in the fundament of physical world involving a generalized case of choice, which can be called “subjectless”: There is certain choice, which originates from the transition of the future into the past. Thus that kind of choice is shared of all existing and does not need any subject: It can be considered as a low of nature. There are a few theorems in quantum mechanics directly relevant to the topic: two of them are called “free will theorems” by their authors (Conway and Kochen 2006; 2009). Any quantum system either a human or an electron or whatever else has always a choice: Its behavior is not predetermined by its past. This is a physical law. It implies that a form of information, the quantum information underlies all existing for the unit of the quantity of information is an elementary choice: either a bit or a quantum bit (qubit).

scholarly journals Information Technology, Marketing Database and the Process of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC): A Resource-Capability Nexus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Salniza Md. Salleh ◽  
Selvan a/l Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Integrated Marketing Communications ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technology Marketing ◽  
Industry Professionals ◽  
Research Avenue

This study aims at identifying and conceptually linking Information Technology, Marketing Database and the IMC process in a resource paradigm. It also conceptually posits the mediated role of Marketing Database to further transmit the absorbed effect to the IMC process. Review of the past studies has been done to conceptually connect these resources and/or capabilities. This paper establishes different relationships to be further tested empirically for both the academia and industry professionals. The main contribution is to conceptually theorize all the three concept and linking them conceivably that were either missing or vague in the marketing communication literature. Further, it also provides a research avenue to seek the complementarity of such resources by utilizing the extended RBV theory. The theoretical framework proposed is based on past literature from the RBV and marketing communications literature positing some new structural paths beside certain previous linkage (s) if any.

scholarly journals Spontaneous emergence of leadership patterns drives synchronization in complex human networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Calabrese ◽  
Maria Lombardi ◽  
Erik Bollt ◽  
Pietro De Lellis ◽  
Benoît G. Bardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Human Networks ◽  
Synchronization Performance

AbstractSynchronization of human networks is fundamental in many aspects of human endeavour. Recently, much research effort has been spent on analyzing how motor coordination emerges in human groups (from rocking chairs to violin players) and how it is affected by coupling structure and strength. Here we uncover the spontaneous emergence of leadership (based on physical signaling during group interaction) as a crucial factor steering the occurrence of synchronization in complex human networks where individuals perform a joint motor task. In two experiments engaging participants in an arm movement synchronization task, in the physical world as well as in the digital world, we found that specific patterns of leadership emerged and increased synchronization performance. Precisely, three patterns were found, involving a subtle interaction between phase of the motion and amount of influence. Such patterns were independent of the presence or absence of physical interaction, and persisted across manipulated spatial configurations. Our results shed light on the mechanisms that drive coordination and leadership in human groups, and are consequential for the design of interactions with artificial agents, avatars or robots, where social roles can be determinant for a successful interaction.

scholarly journals A Multi-Perspective Theoretical Analysis to Web Accessibility

2017 ◽  
pp. 117-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Peixoto ◽  
Frederico Branco ◽  
José Martins ◽  
Ramiro Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Web Accessibility ◽  
End Users ◽  
The Past ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Work Done

Accessibility has become increasingly important in information technology, particularly due to legislation pressure to make affordable public services to all. Being end-users and software companies those who have direct contact with accessibility problems, other stakeholders are committed to defining methods and change mentalities in Web accessibility implementation. In addition to a conceptual definition, this chapter presents entities views with responsibilities in the area, taking into account their work done in the past and the prospects for future. The understanding of the interaction between all these perspectives will help to realize the way it will go, which carries with it great challenges and opportunities, widely explored in this work.

SEJARAH DI ANTARA KELAMPAUAN, KEKINIAN, DAN KEAKANAN

Metahumaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Fadly Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Public History ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Past

AbstrakPada masa sekarang, sejarah kerap diadaptasi untuk berbagai kepentingan. Tujuannya tidak lain, dengan merekonstruksi masa lalu melalui beragam media (seperti film, novel, dan komik) diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan pemahaman, bahwa: masa lalu selalu aktual. Dalam proses mengadaptasikan sejarah, kepakaran seorang sejarawan sejatinya amat diperlukan. Namun demikian, berbagai pengakuan terhadap sejarawan sebagai sebuah profesi nyatanya telah mengalami pergeseran. Perkembangan pengetahuan yang berjalan-iring dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi disadari atau tidak justru berpeluang mereduksi makna asasi dari peran sejarawan itu sendiri. Artikel ini mencoba merumuskan kembali strategi dan metode akademik melalui pewacanaan sejarah publik dan sejarah interdisipliner sebagai upaya menyiapkan para sejarawan bukan hanya profesionalitasnya, melainkan vokasionalitasnya agar mereka memiliki keahlian terapan yang dibutuhkan dalam berbagai kebutuhan praktis saat ini.Kata kunci: sejarawan; profesi; vokasi; sejarah publik; sejarah interdisipliner   AbstractAt present, history is often adapted for various purposes. The aim is none other than that by reconstructing the past through various media (such as films, novels and comics) which are expected to foster understanding, that: the past is always actual. In the process of adapting history, certainly the expertise of a true historian is necessary. However, various acknowledgment of historians as a profession has, in fact, experienced a shift. The development of knowledge that goes hand in hand with the rapid development of information technology is realized or not likely to reduce the fundamental meaning of the role of historians themselves. This article tries to reformulate academic strategies and methods through public history and interdisciplinary history discourse as an effort to prepare historians not only for their professionalism, but also for their vocationality so that they have the applied expertise needed in various practical needs today. Keywords: historian; profession; vocational; public history; interdisciplinary history

Arts and Branches of Science Significantly Contributing to Cyber and Cyber Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 977-994
Author(s):  
Margarita Levin Jaitner ◽  
Áine MacDermott
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Further Development

Academia plays an important role in shaping a country's cyber readiness. In the past years, nations have started investing in new cyber-related programs at colleges and universities. This also includes promoting academic exchange with partner countries, as well as putting effort into improved cooperation between industries and scholars in the area of cyber. In many cases the efforts focus largely on computer science and closely related branches of science. However, the very nature of the cyberspace as both a continuation and a reflection of the physical world require a broader perspective on academic assets required to create and sustain sound cyber defines capabilities. Acknowledging this premise, this paper sets out to map branches of science that significantly contribute to the domain known as ‘cyber' and searches for new aspects for further development.

Policy for Mobile Devices to Access Grid Infrastructure

2012 ◽  
pp. 1593-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Munir ◽  
Lawan A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Mobile Computing Environment ◽  
Access Grid ◽  
The One ◽  
Integrated Or ◽  
Intelligent Positioning

Mobile devices are gradually becoming prevalent in our daily life, enabling users in the physical world to interact with the digital world conveniently. Mobile devices increasingly offer functionality beyond the one provided by traditional resources processor, memory and applications. This includes, for example, integrated multimedia equipment, intelligent positioning systems, and different kinds of integrated or accessible sensors. For future generation grids to be truly ubiquitous we must find ways to compensate for the limitations inherent in these devices and integrate them into the grid, in order to leverage available resources and broaden the range of supplied services. On the other hand, most of mobile devices do not have the sufficient capabilities to be either direct clients or services in the grid environment. The existing middleware platforms like Globus do not fully address mobility, yet extending the potential of the Grid to a wider audience promises increase in its flexibility and productivity. This chapter looks into design architecture for mobile computing environment. Focus is given to security and its policies that will enhance the performance of grid computing in terms of secure design, architecture, accessibility, and mobility.

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