scholarly journals Different ways of classifying drums with reference to illustrations and positioning of drum illustrations

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Rolf Kjellström
Keyword(s):  
Correct Position ◽  
Bow And Arrow ◽  
Trapping Methods

The focus of this paper is on the traditional Saami hunting in relation to the animal and hunting motifs on their drum, more specifially the southern Saami drums. One may wonder if it is possible for anyone to interpret a picture unconditionally. One has a certain ground of one's own to stand on and the question arises of whether this is the correct position, when -as in the present case — we approach another culture. We naturally include the experiences of our own culture in interpretations of another culture. The animal which is the commonest species on the southern Saami drums, is the reindeer. Other animals that occur are elks, wolves, beavers, foxes, snakes, among others. Considering the Saamis' hunting weapons, the most important of these were the bow and arrow, and the spear or spear shaft. Of these weapons it is the bow which is most often portrayed on drums. Also some trapping implement like a gin may appear on a drum, but in general we have little or no information about hunting or trapping methods at all.

scholarly journals Traditional Saami hunting in relation to drum motifs of animals and hunting

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 111-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Kjellström
Keyword(s):  
Correct Position ◽  
Bow And Arrow ◽  
Trapping Methods

The focus of this paper is on the traditional Saami hunting in relation to the animal and hunting motifs on their drum, more specifially the southern Saami drums. One may wonder if it is possible for anyone to interpret a picture unconditionally. One has a certain ground of one's own to stand on and the question arises of whether this is the correct position, when -as in the present case — we approach another culture. We naturally include the experiences of our own culture in interpretations of another culture. The animal which is the commonest species on the southern Saami drums, is the reindeer. Other animals that occur are elks, wolves, beavers, foxes, snakes, among others. Considering the Saamis' hunting weapons, the most important of these were the bow and arrow, and the spear or spear shaft. Of these weapons it is the bow which is most often portrayed on drums. Also some trapping implement like a gin may appear on a drum, but in general we have little or no information about hunting or trapping methods at all.

scholarly journals Comparing sterile male releases and other methods for integrated control of the tiger mosquito in temperate and tropical climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Douchet ◽  
Marion Haramboure ◽  
Thierry Baldet ◽  
Gregory L’Ambert ◽  
David Damiens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Southwest Indian Ocean ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Tropical Climates

AbstractThe expansion of mosquito species worldwide is creating a powerful network for the spread of arboviruses. In addition to the destruction of breeding sites (prevention) and mass trapping, methods based on the sterile insect technique (SIT), the autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (ADT), and a fusion of elements from both of these known as boosted SIT (BSIT), are being developed to meet the urgent need for effective vector control. However, the comparative potential of these methods has yet to be explored in different environments. This is needed to propose and integrate informed guidelines into sustainable mosquito management plans. We extended a weather-dependent model of Aedes albopictus population dynamics to assess the effectiveness of these different vector control methods, alone or in combination, in a tropical (Reunion island, southwest Indian Ocean) and a temperate (Montpellier area, southern France) climate. Our results confirm the potential efficiency of SIT in temperate climates when performed early in the year (mid-March for northern hemisphere). In such a climate, the timing of the vector control action was the key factor in its success. In tropical climates, the potential of the combination of methods becomes more relevant. BSIT and the combination of ADT with SIT were twice as effective compared to the use of SIT alone.

Power, security, and exchange: Impacts of a Late Holocene volcanic eruption in Subarctic North America

2021 ◽  
pp. 019769312098682
Author(s):  
Todd J Kristensen ◽  
John W Ives ◽  
Kisha Supernant
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Bow And Arrow

We synthesize environmental and cultural change following a volcanic eruption at A.D. 846–848 in Subarctic North America to demonstrate how social relationships shaped responses to natural disasters. Ethnohistoric accounts and archaeometric studies reveal differences in human adaptations in the Yukon and Mackenzie river basins that relate to exertions of power over contested resources versus affordances of security to intercept dispersed migrating animals. The ways that pre-contact hunter-gatherers maintained or redressed ecological imbalances influenced respective trajectories of resilience to a major event. Adaptive responses to a volcanic eruption affected the movement of bow and arrow technology and the proliferation of copper use in northwest North America.

scholarly journals Centrosome movement in the early divisions of Caenorhabditis elegans: a cortical site determining centrosome position.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Correct Position ◽  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Proposed Model

In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, early blastomeres of the P cell lineage divide successively on the same axis. This axis is a consequence of the specific rotational movement of the pair of centrosomes and nucleus (Hyman, A. A., and J. G. White. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105:2123-2135). A laser has been used to perturb the centrosome movements that determine the pattern of early embryonic divisions. The results support a previously proposed model in which a centrosome rotates towards its correct position by shortening of connections, possibly microtubules, between a centrosome and a defined site on the cortex of the embryo.

Review lecture: Apposition eyes of large diurnal insects as organs adapted to seeing

1980 ◽  
Vol 207 (1168) ◽  
pp. 287-309 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nodal Point ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Correct Position ◽  
Anatomical Arrangement ◽  
Angular Coordinates ◽  
And Function ◽  
Facet Size

(1) The fields of view of the photoreceptor cells are determined by the dimensions and anatomical arrangement of the optical part of the ommatidium. The dimensions, and therefore the fields of view of the ommatidia are also related across the eye. In the relation between structure and function there are many points that invite discussion, but the intention is to order our knowledge so that the gaps become obvious. (2) The first step has been to make maps of the eyes showing the maximum theoretical resolving power of the facets and also the interommatidial angle, the reciprocal of which is the maximum spatial resolution of combinations of facets. The ratio of these two resolutions at each point shows the minimum overlap of the visual fields. These maps can be made from the outside of the eye; they show the main types of eye. (3) The next step is to work out the optics of individual ommatidia so that the focal lengths and receptor widths can be measured. The field width can then be predicted from the facet size and the subtense of the receptor at the posterior nodal point. The final step is to measure the field widths of individual ommatidia experimentally as a test of the optical theory, and to make maps of the actual fields in their correct position on the eye in angular coordinates. (4) Three examples of maps of actual fields are given, and their anato­mical and diffraction components are separated. The maps are an essential step towards the electrophysiological analysis of the ganglia behind the eye. A theory of the origin of the fields in terms of anatomy and optics also opens the way to an analysis of mechanisms that change the field size upon adaptation to light. A comparative study of the fields in different eye regions and in different species can also be related to visual habits and behaviour.

scholarly journals Small mammal glucocorticoid concentrations vary with forest fragment size, trap type, and mammal taxa in the Interior Atlantic Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Boyle ◽  
Noé U. de la Sancha ◽  
Pastor Pérez ◽  
David Kabelik
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractSpecies that live in degraded habitats often show signs of physiological stress. Glucocorticoid hormones (e.g., corticosterone and cortisol) are often assessed as a proxy of the extent of physiological stress an animal has experienced. Our goal was to quantify glucocorticoids in free-ranging small mammals in fragments of Interior Atlantic Forest. We extracted glucocorticoids from fur samples of 106 small mammals (rodent genera Akodon and Oligoryzomys, and marsupial genera Gracilinanus and Marmosa) from six forest fragments (2–1200 ha) in the Reserva Natural Tapytá, Caazapá Department, Paraguay. To our knowledge, this is the first publication of corticosterone and cortisol levels for three of the four sampled genera (Akodon, Oligoryzomys, and Marmosa) in this forest system. We discovered three notable results. First, as predicted, glucocorticoid levels were higher in individuals living withing small forest fragments. Second, animals captured live using restraint trapping methods (Sherman traps) had higher glucocorticoid levels than those animals captured using kill traps (Victor traps), suggesting that hair glucocorticoid measures can reflect acute stress levels in addition to long-term glucocorticoid incorporation. These acute levels are likely due to urinary steroids diffusing into the hair shaft. This finding raises a concern about the use of certain trapping techniques in association with fur hormone analysis. Finally, as expected, we also detected genus-specific differences in glucocorticoid levels, as well as cortisol/corticosterone ratios.

scholarly journals Efficiency of small mammal trapping in an Atlantic Forest fragmented landscape: the effects of trap type and position, seasonality and habitat

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALM Vieira ◽  
AS Pires ◽  
AF Nunes-Freitas ◽  
NM Oliveira ◽  
AS Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Mammal Communities ◽  
Total Effort

Trapping methods can strongly influence the sampling of mammal communities. This study compared the efficiency of the capture of small mammals in Sherman traps in two positions (at ground level and in trees) and pitfall traps in a fragmented landscape. Trapping sessions were carried out between October 2008 and October 2009 at two fragments (8 and 17 ha), an agroforest corridor between them, and the adjacent pasture. A total effort of 4622 trap-nights resulted in 155 captures of 137 individuals from six species. Pitfalls had greater success (4.03%), followed by Shermans on the ground (2.98%) and on trees (2.37%; χ2= 6.50, p = 0.04). Five species were caught in Sherman ground traps, four in pitfalls and just two on trees. There was no difference among trap types for marsupials (χ2 = 4.75; p = 0.09), while for rodents, pitfalls were more efficient than Shermans on the ground (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.02). As a result, the efficiency of each trap type differed among habitats, due to differences in their species composition. Pitfalls were more efficient in the rainy season (Fisher's exact test, p <0.0001) while Shermans on trees were more efficient in the dry season (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.009). There was no difference between seasons for Shermans on the ground (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.76). Considering the results found, we recommend that future studies of forest mammal communities, particularly those designed to test the effects of forest fragmentation, include combinations of different trap types.

scholarly journals Community Structure of Terrestrial Invertebrates Inhabiting a Tidal Marsh Islet in the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Colombini ◽  
L. Chelazzi ◽  
M. Fallaci
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Gulf Of Gabes ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Gulf Of Gabès ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
High Diversity

The composition of the terrestrial arthropod community of a tidal marsh islet in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) was studied during two seasons (spring, autumn). The study was conducted on a small islet located in an area where the highest tidal excursions of the Mediterranean occur. Standard trapping methods (pitfall traps, mobile cages) were used to evaluate specie richness and abundance in different areas of the islet. Diversity indices were calculated for coleopterans and isopods alone. The structure of the arthropod community varied a great deal from one season to the other and differences were found when seaward areas were compared with landward ones. El Bessila presented a particularly rich beetle community whereas only few isopod species occurred. The moderately high diversity levels found for the beetle indicate the influence of the high tidal excursions in modelling the structure of the community.

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