scholarly journals A research on the opinions and suggestions of the youth who study agriculture in Turkey on the Young Farmer Grant Project

New Medit ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
CAN BAHAR AYDIN ◽  
DENIZ SAIT ENGIN
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Logistical Regression ◽  
Project Data

The agricultural population in Turkey declines year by year due to rural-urban migration and, consequently, the number of young farmers is on the decrease in Turkey, like in some developed countries. The Young Farmer Grant Project was launched for encouraging young people in rural areas in 2016. This study was conducted to determine the tendency of the youth who study agriculture to invest in agriculture and their opinions and suggestions on the Young Farmer Grant Project. Data was collected by the survey from 480 students who studied agriculture at Ege University and Kocaeli University. Five-point Likert scale was used to determine the opinions, tendencies and expectations of the students. At this stage, chi-square tests and analysis of variance were also applied. Logistical regression was performed for determining of factors affecting the probability of students benefiting from the Young Farmer Grant Project. According to results of logistical regression, age, the situation of being a farmer in the family and having a family-owned farmland positively affect the probability of students benefiting from the Young Farmer Grant Project.

scholarly journals Split household and smoking behavior of rural migrants in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Qiushi Wu ◽  
Juan Ming
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Lever ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Abstract Background: With Hukou constraints, a large proportion of rural migrants have to leave part of their family members stay at hometown, the split household may induce smoking behavior among rural migrants in destination cites.Objective: This study aims to address association between split household and smoking behavior, while the main discussion is to explore the differences between the three forms of split households---involving sole migration, couple migration, and family migration.Method: A unique and comprehensive database named Rural Urban Migration in China (RUMiC-2009) is applied to explore the association between split household and the smoking behavior; Analyses are conducted using the Chi-square tests and Logit regression.Results: The prevalence of smoking among family migrants (23.54%) is less than those sole migrants (25.46%) and couple migrants (35.13%). The family migrants (OR= 0.7445; 95% CI= 0.5955, 0.930) and couple migrants (OR= 0.8785; 95% CI= 0.6939, 1.1121) are less prone to smoke than the sole migrants counterparts. The family migrants (Coefficient= -0.0787; CI= -0.1229,-0.0346) and couple migrants (Coefficient= -0.0726; CI= -0.1188,-0.0264) show lower lever of depression compared with the sole migration groups.Conclusions: Split household is positively associated with the smoking behavior of rural migrants. While the depression may play as the potential transmission channel linked the spit household and smoking prevalence.

scholarly journals Escaping the rural pay penalty: location, migration and the labour market

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Culliney
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Observation Period

This article analyses the longitudinal effect of rural/urban migration on labour market outcomes for young people in Britain. It assesses how rural/urban origin and residential location affect career prospects, tracking earnings from youth (defined as aged under 25) into adulthood using data from British Household Panel Survey waves 1–18. Earnings in rural areas are higher overall, although young people in rural areas are paid less than urban counterparts. While earnings increase at a quicker rate for those in rural locations, being of rural origin leads to slower wage growth and respondents who ‘stay rural’ throughout the full observation period earn less than all other groups.

scholarly journals Split household and smoking behavior of rural migrants in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Wang ◽  
Jiachun Liu ◽  
Juan Ming
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Family Migration ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Smoking Control

Abstract Background: With Hukou constraints, a large proportion of rural migrants have to leave part of their family members stay at hometown, the split household may cause serious smoking abuse among rural migrants in destination cites. Objective: This study aims to address the direct effect of split household on the smoking behavior, while sole migration, couple migration and family migration are incorporated to the explore the concise effect of differentiated split household forms. Method: A unique and comprehensive database named Rural Urban Migration in China (RUMiC-2009) is applied to explore the association between split household and the smoking amounts of rural migrants; Analyses are conducted using the Chi-square tests/ ANOVA tests and multiple Tobit regression. Results: The amounts of cigarettes consumed for the family migrants (0.1751±0.3757) are less than those sole migrants (0.2732±0.4218) and couple migrants (0.1892±0.3745). The couple migrants (Coefficient= -0.0575; 95% CI= -0.1378, 0.022717) and family migrants (Coefficient= -0.1313; 95% CI= -0.2127,-0.0498) smoke less than the sole migrants counterparts, but the coefficient of couple migrants is not significant. Conclusions: Split household is associated with smoking abuse. Family migration has a significant effect on smoking control, while couple migration only produces insignificant negative influence on cigarettes consumption.

Rural-Urban Migration and Aging in Rural Areas: An Overview of the Last 50 Years

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Amélia Amélia Camarano ◽  
Ricardo Abramovay
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

scholarly journals Influencing Factors of Rural Families’ Migration to Urban Area: The Case of Kabul, Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdul Ahad Hakim ◽  
Ismet Boz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Manuscript Preparation ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Aims: This study aimed to determine factors influencing rural families’ migration to urban areas in Kabul, Afghanistan. Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected in different neighbourhoods of Kabul, Afghanistan during the July-September period of 2019. Data analyses and manuscript preparation were completed in the October-December period of 2019. Methodology: First, the most populated neighbourhoods of Kabul, particularly those areas where the majority of families migrated from rural areas were determined. The data of the study were collected from 400 rural-urban migrants in Kabul city. The questionnaires were filled during face to face informal meetings with households. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and means. The questionnaire included socio-economic characteristics of rural-urban migrants, pushing and pulling factors which affected rural migration, reasons for insecurity in rural areas, and satisfaction and reintegration of migrants in Kabul city. Results: The results show that unemployment with 9.53 and fear of terror with 9.15 are the most effective pushing factors for rural families to migrate. However, the most important pulling factors which make Kabul city attractive for rural families are the issues regarding rights (women rights with 8.82, having right to vote with 8.73 and human rights with 8.71). Conclusion: In the last five years Afghanistan had huge number immigration internally (1.1 million person) and internationally (1.7 million people) Results of this study suggest that to slower rural-urban migration in Afghanistan, rural development programs should be implemented, and the priority of these programs should be given to the creation of employment opportunities and eliminating gender inequalities in rural areas. Otherwise, either rural-urban migration or dissatisfaction of being in Kabul and preferring not reintegrating back to their villages will make rural-urban migrants seek international migration.

scholarly journals RURAL URBAN MIGRATION AND WOMEN IN URBAN SLUMS OF KARACHI

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Shagufta Nasreen ◽  
Asma Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Questionnaire Method

Poverty creates many problems. Out of which one major problem is an increase in migration rate. In Pakistan, the rate of inter province and rural urban migration has increased in the last few years resulting in an expansion in urban population. The objective of this study was to explore the experience of women who have migrated from rural to urban areas with their families and are living in urban slums. Moreover, the study aims to explore the reasons of migration from rural to urban areas, the change occurred in their living conditions and their level of satisfaction. Total 100 women from selected katchi abadis (urban slums) of Karachi and were in-depth interviewed through questionnaire method. To have an in depth analysis of the situation, both open and closed ended questions were included. Results show that most of these women have migrated with their families due to poverty. The need is to take decisions that promote equity and social justice. The distribution of resources and development planning need to focus on the need of urban and rural areas on equal bases because just moving towards metropolitan city does not change their living rather it is deteriorating the situation.

Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on the Food Consumption Pattern of Farming Households in Ibadan/Ibarapa Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-238
Author(s):  
Fatai Abiola Sowunmi ◽  
Funmi Lydia Adeduntan
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern

The study examined the impact of rural-urban migration on the food consumption pattern of farming households. The study revealed that 73.8% of the households had migrants, while 80.2% of the migrants were male. The highest level of education of most of the migrants was secondary school (71.4%). The study showed that the major reason (63.3%) for migration was for job. The average remittance sent per year was ₦108,119.14. The study revealed that household expenditure on carbohydrate food group accounted for 54.4% of the total households' expenditure on food. The average dietary diversity indices for the migrant (0.345) and non-migrant (0.346) households were low. The study revealed that migration (short and long term) positively influenced per capita food expenditure of respondent. Despite the remittance from some of the migrants, the need to develop the rural areas in terms of provision of basic infrastructures by government is imperative in order to reduce rural-urban migration.

Data Sources and Issues in Measurement

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Robert E.B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Migrant Flow ◽  
Previous Location

This chapter details the data sources deployed and the approaches to deriving measures from them. National definitions of urban settlements vary but are demonstrated to match satellite imagery surprisingly well. Most selected sources ask if the place of origin was rural or urban, though in several censuses this is imputed on the nature of the location of origin, rejecting instances where locations prove too diverse; significant contrasts are not found between the two approaches. Those sources that ask place of birth show significantly lower lifetime migration from urban to rural areas than those reporting only location during childhood; their rural-urban migration propensities do not differ. Measures of migrant flow rates, return migration, and other temporary moves require interim location information. Sources reporting the previous location and duration of residence prove more useful than those asking location five years before. A contention of symmetry between rural-urban and urban-rural migration propensities is rejected.

Young People and Employment in the South West

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dunkerley ◽  
Claire Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
South West ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family

From a comprehensive survey of over 1200 17 and 18 year olds in Devon and Cornwall, the paper concentrates on the economic position of young people. Important differences were found between the young people in urban and rural areas. Of interest here is the role played by them in the local economy. The rural South West is shown to be characterized by a prevalence of self-employment and small businesses. Furthermore, factors such as a shortage of housing and travelling difficulties leads to different kinds of interdependence between parents and children in rural areas from those found in urban areas. Although in rural areas a dependence of young people upon the family was found, this was balanced by the dependence of the family on them in the sense of a young person’s labour often being a crucial part of the family business. This interdependence is intensified in many rural businesses where there is often no geographical separation of home and workplace. The far South West experiences some of the highest unemployment and the lowest wages in the UK and yet young people in rural areas were found to have developed coping strategies manifested in both formal and informal work practices, casualization and self-employment. The ‘pluriactivity’ found shows young people socialized into long hours, hard work and poor rewards. It is clear from the results that young people are not simply passively dependent upon the household nor that the flow of resources goes simply from parents to children. Small scale rural enterprises in which young people are employed or seek to be employed still show a marked gender division of tasks. Further, it was difficult in many instances to make a clear distinction between work and non-work although again distinct gender differences are visible.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Anselem C. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.

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