scholarly journals Food security and European migrant crisis: Case of Mediterranean area

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Motivation ◽  
Promethee Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tremendous Impact

This paper focuses on a possible connection between food security and the migrant crisis that began in 2015, which had a tremendous impact on the European Union as well as on the Mediterranean area. The goal of this paper is to determine if there is a correlation between the number of migrants and the levels of food security in both their homeland countries and destination countries. The Promethee method was used to attempt to answer this question. Unfortunately, the analysis is limited due to lack of data for certain countries concerning food security caused by current poor political situations. Nevertheless, the results showed that the best-ranked countries by food security are mostly EU countries. These countries do not have issues with food security, especially in comparison to countries in the Middle East. Also, countries with a high level of food security and political stability have the highest influx of migrants, which suggests there is also an economic motivation for migration. Finally, the analysis confirmed a strong correlation between countries’ achieved level of food security and the number of migrants.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of European Union Economies in Agro Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5210
Author(s):  
Lubomír Civín ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Linear Aggregation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is characterized by a high level of openness to trade, consequently increasing its member countries’ vulnerability to external shocks coming from the rapidly changing global environment. The paper’s objective was to compare and evaluate the factors of the EU agribusiness, its vulnerability and its measurement tools, and consequently to create subgroupings within EU member countries with different levels of vulnerability to exogenous shocks. The study hypothesized that the EU is not a homogenous unit regarding its trade sensitivity and vulnerability. It analyzed this phenomenon using data of recognized international institutions. Its method was a multi-criteria analysis with summative scaling. The assessment of the analysis was provided by the linear aggregation of 19 relevant vulnerability-influencing parameters, including climate change risk and political stability. The study results confirmed the hypothesis of the EU heterogeneity and identified four groups of member countries with different levels of the vulnerability to global shocks. It can improve an understanding of the agrarian sector position within the EU economy and a more precise re-formulation of its Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) priorities under the new conditions requiring the comprehensive resilience of the sector.

scholarly journals European social model vs directive Bolkestein

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Srdjan Redzepagic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
High Level

In this article is elaborated the actually question which is developed and discussed it the European Union is the European Social Model (ESM). It is a vision of society that combines sustainable economic growth with ever-improving living and working conditions. This implies full employment good quality jobs, equal opportunities, social protection for all, social inclusion, and involving citizens in the decisions that affect them. As the Euro-zone is struggling to move away from a dramatic slump in its economy and while the Lisbon Strategy and its potential for economic growth, strongly needs reactivation, the debates over the Europe have raised again the issue of a sustainable social agenda for the European Union. Recently, Europe's political leaders defined the ESM, specifying that it "is based on good economic performance, a high level of social protection and education and social dialogue". An important topic of the discussion nowadays is the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on services in the internal market so called "Bolkestein directive". The importance of this article is to give us the answer to the following question: would we have French goods available in French supermarkets all over Poland and no Polish services allowed in France? The EU would be unthinkable without the full implementation of the four freedoms. This is a good directive, going in the good direction.

scholarly journals Promoting EU values in international agreements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
JANČÍKOVÁ Eva ◽  
PÁSZTOROVÁ Janka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
New Model ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Within the framework of external relations policy as a subject of international law, the European Union has the right to negotiate, conclude, amend and terminate international agreements on its own behalf, i.e., it has competences granted on it in this area by the Treaties. International agreements concluded at European level are results of an agreement between parties and belong to the sources of European Union Law. Current practice in concluding international agreements at the level of the European Union proves that trade and investment agreements contain provisions concerning civil society, labor relations andenvironment. The scientific study opens a discussion on a new model of international agreements which, in addition to trade relations, contain provisions on the social status of employees of the parties and on sustainable development. This new model of international treaties is supported by all Member States. The systems analysis shows that the European Union no longer acts as an economic-integration grouping towards third countries, but as an international organization that takes into account high level of environmental protection and the protection of employees' industrial relations.

scholarly journals DERMAL ABSORPTION OF DIQUAT AND POTENTIAL OCCUPATIONAL RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1464
Author(s):  
Tatyana O. Yastrub ◽  
Sergii T. Omelchuk ◽  
Andrii M. Yastrub
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Level

The aim: The toxicological-hygienic assessment of dermal absorption of diquat in terms of potential risk of its bioavailability in professional use. Materials and methods: The object of the study was cutaneous exposure of diquat, determined in toxicological experiments of different duration (data of scientific literature) and at the stage of state testing of pesticide preparations based on diquat dibromide (data of a full-scale hygiene experiment, prognostic model of risk assessment), the technical concentrate of diquat dibromide (active substance content not less than 377 g / kg) contains relevant supplements, the content of which is regulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Results and conclusions: Due to the high risk of the diquat adverse effects affecting the personnel, general public and environment, the European Union has introduced administrative decisions to forbid plant protection products containing the diquat. Fulfillment of the conditions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union indicates the need to develop common regulations and risk assessment methods aimed at ensuring high level of protection of human health and the environment.

scholarly journals The Rule of Law Framework in the European Union: Its Rationale, Origins, Role and International Ramifications

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-331
Author(s):  
Artur Nowak-Far
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAt present, the European rule of law enforcement framework under Article 7 TEU (RLF) is vulnerable to unguaranteed, discretionary influences of the Member States. This vulnerability arises from its procedural format which requires high thresholds in decision-making with the effect that this procedure is prone to be terminated by the EU Member States likely to be scrutinized under it, if only they collude. Yet, the Framework may prove effective to correct serious breaches against human rights (in the context of ineffective rule of law standards). The European Commission is bound to pursue the RLF effectiveness for the sake of achieving relative uniformity of application of EU law (at large), and making the European Union a credible actor and co-creator of international legal order. The RLF is an important tool for the maintenance of relative stability of human rights and the rule of law in the EU despite natural divergence propensity resulting from the procedural autonomy of the EU Member States. By achieving this stability, the EU achieves significant political weight in international dialogue concerning human rights and the rule of law and preserves a high level of its global credibility in this context. Thus, RLF increases the EU’s effectiveness in promoting the European model of their identification and enforcement.

Youth Start

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-263
Author(s):  
Sérgio Leal ◽  
Teresa Paiva ◽  
Luísa Cagica Carvalho ◽  
Ilda Figueiredo ◽  
Dana T. Redford
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
School Level ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Compulsory School ◽  
Erasmus Programme ◽  
High Level

The Youth Start – Entrepreneurial Challenges Project (USTART), is a project co-funded by Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union, that promotes practical experiential learning programmes at the compulsory school level by developing an innovative, transferable, and scalable programme through the collaboration of high-level public authorities of Austria, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Slovenia. The USTART programme is designed to be flexible in its application and has intensive and extensive versions making it possible for teachers in all types of schools and from various subjects to use USTART modules in their teaching. This chapter describes the process of implementation of the project in Portugal and the qualitative assessment (through semi-structured interviews) made that was one of the validations supports of the programme. Through USTART it was possible to understand the real difficulties and barriers that teachers and schools have when implementing different methods and programmes, and the good results of the project.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Measures of Multidimensional Poverty in the Mediterranean Area: A Focus on Financial Dimension

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ciani ◽  
Francesca Gagliardi ◽  
Samuele Riccarelli ◽  
Gianni Betti
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fuzzy Measures ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Economic And Financial Crisis

The main scope of the paper is to adopt a fuzzy sets approach for the measurement of multidimensional poverty over a period of eight years, from 2007 to 2015, which takes into account the effect of the 2008 economic and financial crisis. In particular, the focus is on the financial dimension of poverty, and its effects on citizens in the EU Mediterranean Area. The empirical analysis, based on the European Union—Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey (EU-SILC), covers eight Mediterranean Countries.

Not Quite What You Expected: The Curious Case of Brexit Scrutiny in the Czech Parliament

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kaniok ◽  
Monika Brusenbauch Meislova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Party System ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Adjustment ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The aim of the article is to explore how the Czech bicameral parliament has reacted to the process of the United Kingdom's (UK's) withdrawal from the European Union (EU). Drawing upon insights from the theoretical expectations of parliamentary power, the inquiry researches the ways that Czech legislatures have developed in terms of engaging with and influencing the Brexit process. In this regard, the Czech case is exceptionally interesting and worth exploring, since the EU agenda has become a highly politicised issue within the Czech context. The significance of this inquiry has been further highlighted by the high level of party-based Euroscepticism typical of Czech politics as well as the frequent changes that the Czech party system has been undergoing in recent years. Throughout the in-depth analysis of parliamentary scrutiny activities—conceptualised as comprising four aspects: (i) the institutional adjustment; (ii) articulation of priorities; (iii) interactions with the government and (iv) parliamentary party politics—the article considers how these activities compare between both chambers of the Czech Parliament.

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