Attitude and Willingness of Practising Dairy Farmers sons to Work Permanently in Rural Area

The study on the attitude and willingness of sons of the practising dairy farmers towardspermanently working in a rural area was carried on milk-producing districts of Anand andKheda of Gujarat state with 200 sample size. The study reveals that the majority (96.50%)of the sons of practising dairy farmers had a favourable to highly favourable attitude towardspermanently working in the rural area. It also concludes that the majority (80.50%) of thedairy farmers’ sons had poor overall willingness to stay physically to work in the ruralarea. The relationship of the attitude of young dairy sons of dairy farmers towardspermanently working in the rural area was positively and significantly correlated with theirage, marital status, scientific orientation, economic motivation and attitude towards farming,while it was negatively significant with the level of their father’s education. The willingnessto work in the rural area was observed positively and significantly correlated with theirlevel of father’s education, while it was negatively significant with their achievementmotivation, self-confidence, scientific orientation, economic motivation and attitude towardsfarming.

A neuroeconomic signature of opioid craving: How fluctuations in craving bias drug-related and nondrug-related value

How does craving bias decisions to pursue drugs over other valuable, and healthier, alternatives in addiction? To address this question, we measured the in-the-moment economic decisions of people with opioid use disorder as they experienced craving, shortly after receiving their scheduled opioid maintenance medication and ~24 h later. We found that higher cravers had higher drug-related valuation, and that moments of higher craving within-person also led to higher drug-related valuation. When experiencing increased opioid craving, participants were willing to pay more for personalized consumer items and foods more closely related to their drug use, but not for alternative “nondrug-related” but equally desirable options. This selective increase in value with craving was greater when the drug-related options were offered in higher quantities and was separable from the effects of other fluctuating psychological states like negative mood. These findings suggest that craving narrows and focuses economic motivation toward the object of craving by selectively and multiplicatively amplifying perceived value along a “drug relatedness” dimension.

Maximising stakeholder value in personal insolvency (a New Zealand perspective)

<p>Personal insolvency law in New Zealand has had some recent amendments that have been successful in reducing the number of bankruptcies. With the rise in consumer bankruptcies and insolvencies, both in New Zealand and internationally many historic insolvency laws and practices are outdated. Balancing the obligations of debtors with the relief of a proactive insolvency regime while satisfying stakeholders is difficult. If relief is too easily accessed there is a risk of abuse of the system. If relief is too difficult to obtain there will be unnecessary suffering and a potential loss of economic motivation for the insolvent. A new model of personal administration is argued as the best mechanism for maximising stakeholder value. Such a system if entered through a restrictive gateway would cease any concern of abuse.</p>

Maximising stakeholder value in personal insolvency (a New Zealand perspective)

<p>Personal insolvency law in New Zealand has had some recent amendments that have been successful in reducing the number of bankruptcies. With the rise in consumer bankruptcies and insolvencies, both in New Zealand and internationally many historic insolvency laws and practices are outdated. Balancing the obligations of debtors with the relief of a proactive insolvency regime while satisfying stakeholders is difficult. If relief is too easily accessed there is a risk of abuse of the system. If relief is too difficult to obtain there will be unnecessary suffering and a potential loss of economic motivation for the insolvent. A new model of personal administration is argued as the best mechanism for maximising stakeholder value. Such a system if entered through a restrictive gateway would cease any concern of abuse.</p>

Coloured Views: Images of the New Zealand City and Town, 1880-1930

<p>"Coloured Views" is a comparative and multidisciplinary examination of the motives and methods of New Zealand's urban boosters between 1880 and 1930. It looks at the positive image of the country's cities and towns rendered in the literature and art of the period, and compares it with other British Dominions as well as with America. Such optimistic images were considered vital to urban growth by promoters who were intent on inducing increased immigration, tourism and investment to their cities and towns. In addition to economic motivation, it will also be argued that the boosters in New Zealand were imbued to an unusual degree by dreams of creating an urban utopia in their New World, one that was free from the influences of vices typically associated with the Old World. In examining perceptions of urban New Zealand, this thesis also attempts to revert the imbalance in New Zealand historiography which has generally ignored cities and towns or which has assumed that all debate about them was negative. It undertakes a study of a wide array of promotional sources, including material which has never before been examined, such as motion pictures and foreign language texts. "Coloured Views" attempts to show that cities and towns had their ardent defenders in New Zealand as well as their critics. The study concludes with an examination of modern booster techniques in order to emphasise the topicality of the subject matter.</p>

Coloured Views: Images of the New Zealand City and Town, 1880-1930

<p>"Coloured Views" is a comparative and multidisciplinary examination of the motives and methods of New Zealand's urban boosters between 1880 and 1930. It looks at the positive image of the country's cities and towns rendered in the literature and art of the period, and compares it with other British Dominions as well as with America. Such optimistic images were considered vital to urban growth by promoters who were intent on inducing increased immigration, tourism and investment to their cities and towns. In addition to economic motivation, it will also be argued that the boosters in New Zealand were imbued to an unusual degree by dreams of creating an urban utopia in their New World, one that was free from the influences of vices typically associated with the Old World. In examining perceptions of urban New Zealand, this thesis also attempts to revert the imbalance in New Zealand historiography which has generally ignored cities and towns or which has assumed that all debate about them was negative. It undertakes a study of a wide array of promotional sources, including material which has never before been examined, such as motion pictures and foreign language texts. "Coloured Views" attempts to show that cities and towns had their ardent defenders in New Zealand as well as their critics. The study concludes with an examination of modern booster techniques in order to emphasise the topicality of the subject matter.</p>

Constraint Faced by Bt Cotton Growers for Control of Pink Bollworm

The present study on knowledge of Bt cotton growers for control of pink bollworm was conducted in Parbhani district of Marathwada region in Maharashtra State. The data were collected through personal interview with the help of interview schedule by contacting 120 respondents. The data was processed by making primary and secondary tables. The distributional analysis pertaining to age of the farmers indicated that (50.00%) of the respondents belonged to middle age category. It was found that, majority (30.00%) of the respondents belonged to primary education category, majority (54.16%) of the respondents had medium level of area under Bt cotton of respondents, 47.50 per cent of the respondents had semi-medium land holding (2.01 to 4.00 ha), 67.50 per cent of the respondents had medium annual income (Rs.98,000 to Rs 2,98,000). While majority (50.00%) of the respondents had medium level of social participation, 50.00 per cent of the respondents had medium economic motivation, larger proportion (50.00%) of the respondents belonged to medium innovativeness, 41.66 per cent of the respondents had medium risk orientation, 55.00 per cent of the respondents had medium level of farming experience, majority (58.33%) of the respondents had medium level of source of information of source of information, 66.68 per cent of the respondents had medium level source of irrigation, 58.33 per cent of the respondents had medium extension contract.

Influence of Entrepreneurial Traits on the Success of Agripreneurs

Aims: Entrepreneurship is a state of mind that allows you to take calculated risks with confidence in order to attain a certain economic or industrial goal. This study deals with the socio- economic and entrepreneurial characteristics which finds place in business success. Study Design: Expost- facto study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: The study has been conducted among the agripreneurs from agri-incubation centersof Coimbatore and Maduraibetween February 2021 and August 2021. Methodology: Proportionate Random sampling method, 104 respondents were selected for the study from the total population of 416 samples. The data was collected by using pre – tested and well-structured interview schedule. Each agripreneur were personally interviewed to collect the information. The collected data was analyzed by using statistical tools such as Percentage analysis, Mean score and Regression method. Results: It was observed that experience in business, self-confidence, annual income, economic motivation and credit orientation plays major role in determining the success of agripreneurs. It was suggested that more mentoring to increasing self confidence among the entrepreneurs in incubation centers and providing fund will lead to the success. Conclusion: Experience also paved the way to success, by gaining experience one can learn and decide how to make the enterprise as profit and successful venture. It was suggested that creating more source of fund for their business investment and motivation by giving mentoring would increase the self confidence which lead effectively towards the business success of agripreneurs.

A psychoanalytic conceptual framework for understanding populism

In this paper, I argue for two claims. The first is that all social and political thinking lies along a continuum and that the structure of each thought along the continuum is that of a basic desire for self-determination. Self-determination, I argued, occurs in a variety of ways including, importantly, at a variety of levels of intention. On the one hand, there are the relatively unreflective ways of understanding oneself as autonomous. I attributed this way of thinking of the Neo-Aristotelian conception of practical reason which is characteristic of conservatism. On the other side of the continuum, there is a rigoristic version of Kantian moral philosophy in which, to be autonomous, one must act exclusively from duty or from purely economic motivation. The second claims is that populism can be understood as a clash between different practical conceptions of autonomy which are brought into conflict as a result of the process of modern rationalization. This clash can, I argued, be clarified and also alleviated by appreciating that what the values which stand opposed in the “us vs. them” of populism and liberalism are based on a fundamentally similar conception of the value of autonomy but have come into conflict by sometime contingent historical processes which can be undone or steered in a different direction.

MENGUNGKAP MOTIVASI SULTAN HAMENGKU BUWONO IX MEMBANGUN SELOKAN MATARAM

Abstrak Abstrak: Mengungkap Motivasi Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX Membangun Selokan Mataram. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui motivasi Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX membangun Selokan Mataram. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat kualitatif dengan sumber data dari beberapa artikel dan literatur. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan sejarah menggunakan metode interpretasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga motivasi Sultan HB IX, yaitu kebijakan filosofis, ekonomis, dan nasionalisme. Motivasi filosofisnya adalah berasal dari ajaran Sunan Kalijaga bahwa kasultanan Yogyakarta bisa makmur jika dua sungai yang mengapit Yogyakarta dipertemukan dalam satu aliran. Motivasi ekonominya berhubungan dengan cara pandang penguasa dalam menyejahterakan petani untuk irigasi sawah. Pembangunan Selokan Mataram merupakan cermin nasionalisme Sultan dalam membela rakyat dari tuntutan Rhomusa Jepang. Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the motivation of Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX to build the Mataram Sewer. The research method used is qualitative with data sources from several articles and literature. Data were analyzed by historical approach using interpretation method. The results showed that the three motivations of Sultan HB IX, namely philosophical policy, economics, and nationalism. The philosophical motivation is derived from the teachings of Sunan Kalijaga that the Sultanate of Yogyakarta can prosper if the two rivers flanking Yogyakarta are brought together in one stream. The economic motivation is related to the perspective of the authorities in the welfare of farmers for irrigating rice fields. The construction of the Mataram Sewer is a reflection of the Sultan's nationalism in defending the people from the demands of the Japanese Rhomusa.