Youth Start

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-263
Author(s):  
Sérgio Leal ◽  
Teresa Paiva ◽  
Luísa Cagica Carvalho ◽  
Ilda Figueiredo ◽  
Dana T. Redford
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
School Level ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Compulsory School ◽  
Erasmus Programme ◽  
High Level

The Youth Start – Entrepreneurial Challenges Project (USTART), is a project co-funded by Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union, that promotes practical experiential learning programmes at the compulsory school level by developing an innovative, transferable, and scalable programme through the collaboration of high-level public authorities of Austria, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Slovenia. The USTART programme is designed to be flexible in its application and has intensive and extensive versions making it possible for teachers in all types of schools and from various subjects to use USTART modules in their teaching. This chapter describes the process of implementation of the project in Portugal and the qualitative assessment (through semi-structured interviews) made that was one of the validations supports of the programme. Through USTART it was possible to understand the real difficulties and barriers that teachers and schools have when implementing different methods and programmes, and the good results of the project.

scholarly journals States, firms, and security: How private actors implement sanctions, lessons learned from the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Francesco Giumelli ◽  
Michal Onderco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Private Actors

Abstract While the current practice of the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and the United States leans towards imposing only targeted sanctions in most of the cases, private actors often complain about inability to process financial transactions, ship goods, or deliver services in countries where sanctions targets are located. The impact of sanctions often ends up being widespread and indiscriminate because sanctions are implemented by for-profit actors. This article investigates how for-profit actors relate to the imposition of sanctions, how they reflect them in their decisions, and how they interact with the public authorities. The findings of our research show that for-profit actors, with the possible exception of the largest multinationals, do not engage with public authorities before the imposition of sanctions. The behaviour of for-profit actors in the implementation phase is in line with the assumption of firms and business as profit-maximisers. Weighting the profits from business against the costs of (non-)compliance and make the decisions that in their view maximise their profit. Indeed, de-risking seems to be the most common approach by the companies due to the uncertainties produced by the multiple and overlapping sanctions regimes imposed by the United Nations, the European Union, and the United States.

scholarly journals European social model vs directive Bolkestein

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Srdjan Redzepagic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
High Level

In this article is elaborated the actually question which is developed and discussed it the European Union is the European Social Model (ESM). It is a vision of society that combines sustainable economic growth with ever-improving living and working conditions. This implies full employment good quality jobs, equal opportunities, social protection for all, social inclusion, and involving citizens in the decisions that affect them. As the Euro-zone is struggling to move away from a dramatic slump in its economy and while the Lisbon Strategy and its potential for economic growth, strongly needs reactivation, the debates over the Europe have raised again the issue of a sustainable social agenda for the European Union. Recently, Europe's political leaders defined the ESM, specifying that it "is based on good economic performance, a high level of social protection and education and social dialogue". An important topic of the discussion nowadays is the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on services in the internal market so called "Bolkestein directive". The importance of this article is to give us the answer to the following question: would we have French goods available in French supermarkets all over Poland and no Polish services allowed in France? The EU would be unthinkable without the full implementation of the four freedoms. This is a good directive, going in the good direction.

scholarly journals Promoting EU values in international agreements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
JANČÍKOVÁ Eva ◽  
PÁSZTOROVÁ Janka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
New Model ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Within the framework of external relations policy as a subject of international law, the European Union has the right to negotiate, conclude, amend and terminate international agreements on its own behalf, i.e., it has competences granted on it in this area by the Treaties. International agreements concluded at European level are results of an agreement between parties and belong to the sources of European Union Law. Current practice in concluding international agreements at the level of the European Union proves that trade and investment agreements contain provisions concerning civil society, labor relations andenvironment. The scientific study opens a discussion on a new model of international agreements which, in addition to trade relations, contain provisions on the social status of employees of the parties and on sustainable development. This new model of international treaties is supported by all Member States. The systems analysis shows that the European Union no longer acts as an economic-integration grouping towards third countries, but as an international organization that takes into account high level of environmental protection and the protection of employees' industrial relations.

scholarly journals DERMAL ABSORPTION OF DIQUAT AND POTENTIAL OCCUPATIONAL RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459-1464
Author(s):  
Tatyana O. Yastrub ◽  
Sergii T. Omelchuk ◽  
Andrii M. Yastrub
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Level

The aim: The toxicological-hygienic assessment of dermal absorption of diquat in terms of potential risk of its bioavailability in professional use. Materials and methods: The object of the study was cutaneous exposure of diquat, determined in toxicological experiments of different duration (data of scientific literature) and at the stage of state testing of pesticide preparations based on diquat dibromide (data of a full-scale hygiene experiment, prognostic model of risk assessment), the technical concentrate of diquat dibromide (active substance content not less than 377 g / kg) contains relevant supplements, the content of which is regulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Results and conclusions: Due to the high risk of the diquat adverse effects affecting the personnel, general public and environment, the European Union has introduced administrative decisions to forbid plant protection products containing the diquat. Fulfillment of the conditions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union indicates the need to develop common regulations and risk assessment methods aimed at ensuring high level of protection of human health and the environment.

scholarly journals The Rule of Law Framework in the European Union: Its Rationale, Origins, Role and International Ramifications

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-331
Author(s):  
Artur Nowak-Far
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAt present, the European rule of law enforcement framework under Article 7 TEU (RLF) is vulnerable to unguaranteed, discretionary influences of the Member States. This vulnerability arises from its procedural format which requires high thresholds in decision-making with the effect that this procedure is prone to be terminated by the EU Member States likely to be scrutinized under it, if only they collude. Yet, the Framework may prove effective to correct serious breaches against human rights (in the context of ineffective rule of law standards). The European Commission is bound to pursue the RLF effectiveness for the sake of achieving relative uniformity of application of EU law (at large), and making the European Union a credible actor and co-creator of international legal order. The RLF is an important tool for the maintenance of relative stability of human rights and the rule of law in the EU despite natural divergence propensity resulting from the procedural autonomy of the EU Member States. By achieving this stability, the EU achieves significant political weight in international dialogue concerning human rights and the rule of law and preserves a high level of its global credibility in this context. Thus, RLF increases the EU’s effectiveness in promoting the European model of their identification and enforcement.

scholarly journals Modernization of social dialogue as an imperative for developing social responsibility by business organizations in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Halyna Lopuschnyak ◽  
Yurii Marshavin ◽  
Taras Kitsak ◽  
Оlena Iastremska ◽  
Yurii Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

The relevance of the paper is determined by the need to modernize social dialogue in Ukraine as a means of increasing the social responsibility of business organizations and a prerequisite for the country’s sustainable socio-economic development. The paper is aimed at reviewing and systematizing effective practices of modernization of social dialogue, which are revealed in the publications of foreign and Ukrainian scientists, high-ranking officials and public figures. These practices are considered from the standpoint of their expediency and the possibility of their implementation in the processes of social interaction of organizations of employees, employers and public authorities in Ukraine.A review of the foreign experience in organizing social dialogue convincingly demonstrates a fairly high level of efficiency in the European Union, which contributes to achieving a balance of interests of major economic actors, increasing their social responsibility. For Ukraine, it is expedient to introduce the European practice of the so-called broad approach to the organization of social dialogue, which provides for the expansion of its subjects at the expense of representatives of territorial entities, environmental, women’s, youth, cultural and other public organizations. The involvement of local governments, public and NGOs in solving the most important socio-economic problems will contribute to the spread of the practice of differentiating between social and public dialogue. In Ukraine, employee participation in corporate governance should be strengthened, access to shareholder income should be expanded, and institutional tools for regulating the collective bargaining process should be improved.

‘Since I retired, I can take things as they come. For example, the laundry’: gender, class and freedom in retirement in Switzerland

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1556-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARION REPETTI ◽  
TONI CALASANTI
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
European Union ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Reform Policy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Division Of Labour

ABSTRACTPopulation ageing has led many countries to be concerned about the ‘economic burden’ of elders, and several have adopted the active ageing paradigm to reform policy. However, gender differences that moderate the effect of active ageing have been little considered. As in other nations in the European Union, Swiss federal authorities use the active ageing paradigm to reshape ageing policies, including the provision of incentives to seniors to remain in the labour market. At the same time, many recent and proposed changes draw on the assumption of gender equality, even though actual parity has not yet been demonstrated. We know little about how gender shapes retirement in Switzerland, other than in relation to financial inequality between women and men. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with Swiss retirees (N = 15) shows how men and women describe this time of life differently. All respondents characterised retirement as a time of freedom; but the meaning of such freedom diverged for men and women, reflecting the gender division of labour, which is further shaped by class. We discuss the implications of this difference for the gendered consequences of active ageing policies.

1. An Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Mark A. Pollack ◽  
Christilla Roederer-Rynning ◽  
Alasdair R. Young
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Eu Policies ◽  
Ongoing Experiment

The European Union represents a remarkable, ongoing experiment in the collective governance of a multinational continent of nearly 450 million citizens and 27 member states. The key aim of this volume is to understand the processes that produce EU policies: that is, the decisions (or non-decisions) by EU public authorities facing choices between alternative courses of public action. We do not advance any single theory of EU policy-making, although we do draw extensively on theories of European integration, international cooperation, comparative politics, and contemporary governance; and we identify five ‘policy modes’ operating across the 15 case study chapters in the volume. This chapter introduces the volume by summarizing our collective approach to understanding policy-making in the EU, identifying the significant developments that have impacted EU policy-making since the seventh edition of this volume, and previewing the case studies and their central findings.

scholarly journals Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Preference Formation in France During the Eurozone Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Fontan ◽  
Sabine Saurugger
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eurozone Crisis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Preference Formation ◽  
European Union Level ◽  
Hard Place

This article analyses the causal factors underlying the formation of French preferences during the Eurozone crisis solving process (2008–2017). Going beyond the clear distinction between national preference formation and interstate bargaining of liberal intergovernmentalism, this article combines new intergovernmentalism, political economy and feedback loops to study the horizontal linkages between different actors included in the process of domestic preference formation. Based on the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) Choices dataset, which includes semi-structured interviews conducted with French policy-makers involved in the European Union negotiations at the highest level, we will concentrate on French preference formation in four negotiations at the European Union level: the 3 May 2010 agreement on bilateral loans to Greece, the initial capitalisation amount of the European Stability Mechanism, the negotiations on the legal nature of the ‘debt-brake’ included in the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance and the reverse qualified majority voting procedure. The article shows that confidential and restricted administrative networks played a central role in reducing the uncertainty stemming from the fragile financial positions of the hypertrophied domestic banking system. At the same time, French negotiators find themselves between a rock and a hard place during negotiations at the European Union level, not crossing the red line fixed by Germany, on the one hand, and ensuring that policy solutions are compatible with governmental political stance and domestic economic interests, on the other hand. Contrary to recent research pointing out to the increasing influence of domestic public opinion on national preference formation, however, feedback loops between the outcome of the crisis solving process and French politics and policies had very little impact.

scholarly journals Information security frameworks for assisting GDPR compliance in banking industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
João Serrado ◽  
Ruben Filipe Pereira ◽  
Miguel Mira da Silva ◽  
Isaías Scalabrin Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation

Purpose Data can nowadays be seen as the main asset of organizations and data leaks have a considerable impact on the organization’s image, revenues and possible consequences to the affected clients. One of the most critical industries is the bank. Information security frameworks (ISF) have been created to assist organizations and other frameworks evolved to update these domain practices. Recently, the European Union decided to create the general data protection regulation (GDPR), applicable to all organizations dealing with personal data of citizens residing in the European Union. Although considered a general regulation, GDPR implementation needs to align with some industries’ laws and policies. Especially in the Bank industry. How these ISF can assist the implementation of GDPR is not clear. Design/methodology/approach The design science research process was followed and semi-structured interviews performed. Findings A list of practices to assist the bank industry in GDPR implementation is provided. How each practice map with assessed ISF and GDPR requirements is also presented. Research limitations/implications As GDPR is a relatively recent subject, it is hard to find experts in the area. It is more difficult if the authors intend to find experienced people in the GDPR and bank industry. That is one of the main reasons this study does not include more interviews. Originality/value This research provides a novel artefact to the body of knowledge. The proposed artefact lists which ISF practices banks should implement to comply with GDPR. By doing it the artefact provides a centralized view about which ISF frameworks (or part of them) could be implemented to help banks comply with GDPR.

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