scholarly journals Livy’s Cato and Commodities at Centre and Periphery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Writing ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
Urban Topography ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is part of a larger project on how Livy represents the Elder Cato, from his entrance into the text in Book 29 to his last witticism preserved in the summary of Book 50, the longest biographical arc in this first third of Livy’s text. It views Cato through the lens of his relationship with objects, and with Livy’s narrative as an object as well. This paper focuses on one episode in the life of Livy’s Cato, the debate over the repeal of the Lex Oppia, and builds on previous scholars’ work to unite three arguments: 1) Livy weaves together textual space and Roman topography so as to emphasise the simultaneous marginality and centrality of this debate; 2) Livy’s Cato and Valerius fill Rome’s urban topography with images of things so as to draw attention via women’s bodies to the relationship between luxury and Rome’s imperium; 3) Livy uses this episode to make an argument about his own historical writing and its active relationship to the expansion of empire. This project focusing on Livy’s Cato is itself part of an even larger reexamination of how we read, and might read, Livy.

Syriac and Syro-Arabic Historical Writing, c.500–c.1400

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Debié ◽  
David Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Imperial History ◽  
Church Structures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter analyzes how Syriac historiography is a rare example of non-etatist, non-imperial, history writing. It was produced, copied, and preserved entirely within Christian church structures. The Syriac-using Christians, however, were divided into numerous rival denominations and communities as a consequence both of the fifth-century theological controversies and of geopolitical boundaries. And since both of these factors strongly influenced both the motivations which underpinned the production of history writing and the forms it took, historians need to have some knowledge of these rival Syriac denominations. Because of internal Christian debates about the relationship of the divinity and humanity within Christ during the fifth century, the Syriac-using churches fragmented. All accepted that Christ was perfect God and perfect man, but differed fiercely about how to articulate this.

Hegemonic Masculinity and “Badness”

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Clare Choak
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between masculinity, crime, and violence has a long history, whereby hegemonic masculinity is utilized as a resource to create and sustain tough reputations “on road”, where everyday lives are played out on urban streets. Within the context of road culture—of which gangs are part—this is particularly significant given the hypermasculine focus. This paper considers Raewyn Connell’s (1995; 1997; 2000) work on hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity and develops it in new directions by exploring how these hegemonic identities are inscribed on women’s bodies. In the English context, the dominant discourse around young women “on road” is of that of passivity, as they are victims first and offenders second. An underexplored area is their role as perceived “honorary men” when adopting behavior associated with hegemonic masculinity, therefore how they bargain with patriarchy within these spaces is explored.

scholarly journals Shaping Toronto: female economy and agency in the corset industry, 1871-1914

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna M. M. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fashion History ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
The Relationship

In amplifying the contours of the body, the corset is an historical site that fashions femininity even as it constricts women’s bodies. This study sits at the intersection of three histories: of commodity consumption, of labour, and of embodiment and subjectivity, arguing that women were active participants in the making, selling, purchasing and wearing of corsets in Toronto, a city that has largely been ignored in fashion history. Between 1871 and 1914 many women worked in large urban factories, and in small, independent manufacturing shops. Toronto’s corset manufacturers were instrumental in the urbanization of Canadian industry, and created employment in which women earned a wage. The women who bought their wares were consumers making informed purchases, enacting agency in consumption and aesthetics; by choosing the style or size of a corset, female consumers were able to control to varying degrees, the shape of their bodies. As a staple in the wardrobe of most nineteenth-century women, the corset complicates the study of conspicuous consumption, as it was a garment that was not meant to be seen, but created a highly visible shape, blurring the lines between private and public viewing of the female body. Marxist analysis of the commodity fetish informs this study, and by acknowledging the ways in which the corset became a fetishized object itself, both signaling the shapeliness of femininity while in fact augmenting and diminishing female bodies. This study will address critical theory regarding the gaze and subjectivity, fashion, and modernity, exploring the relationship women had with corsets through media and advertising. A material culture analysis of extant corsets helps understand how corsets were constructed in Toronto, how the women of Toronto wore them, and to what extent they actually shaped their bodies. Ultimately, it is the aim of this dissertation to eschew common misconceptions about the practice of corsetry and showcase the hidden manner in which women produced goods, labour, and their own bodies in the nineteenth century, within the Canadian context.

On Texts and Disciplines: How the Prātiśākhyas are Categorised by Their Commentaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ciotti
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article explores the relationship between texts and the scholarly categories to which they are attributed. In particular, it focuses on the Prātiśākhyas—grammars of the linguistic features characterising Vedic recitation—and on the position they occupy within the domains of Sanskritic scholarship according to the different views expressed by their commentaries. In fact, the Prātiśākhyas are variously presented as corresponding to specific canonical or non-canonical disciplines, or as piecing together parts of many disciplines. Because of the inherent stylistic difference between the Prātiśākhyas and their commentaries, Vedic scholars found in the latter ones the (textual) space where they could express their opinions regarding the scholarly frame of reference to which the Prātiśākhyas were said to belong.

Poner el Cuerpo: Women's Embodiment and Political Resistance in Argentina

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 129-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article explores the relationship between women's embodiment and political resistance in Argentina during 2002–2003. This was a time of socioeconomic crisis, influenced by neoliberal globalization. In this tumultuous context, women's bodies became embattled sites, shaken by the crisis but also actively engaged in constructing a new society and new forms of womanhood. Bodies are important to understanding political resistance, as reflected by the meanings attached to poner el cuerpo, a common expression in contemporary Argentine social movements. This article analyzes how women construct embodied subjectivities through their activist practices and how they define poner el cuerpo in terms of collective protest and daily activist work, coherence between words and actions, embodied sacrifice, and risk taking and struggle. As life in Argentina deteriorated because of the crisis, women's bodies represented not only suffering but also resistance and renewal.

scholarly journals Shaping Toronto: female economy and agency in the corset industry, 1871-1914

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna M. M. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fashion History ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
The Relationship

In amplifying the contours of the body, the corset is an historical site that fashions femininity even as it constricts women’s bodies. This study sits at the intersection of three histories: of commodity consumption, of labour, and of embodiment and subjectivity, arguing that women were active participants in the making, selling, purchasing and wearing of corsets in Toronto, a city that has largely been ignored in fashion history. Between 1871 and 1914 many women worked in large urban factories, and in small, independent manufacturing shops. Toronto’s corset manufacturers were instrumental in the urbanization of Canadian industry, and created employment in which women earned a wage. The women who bought their wares were consumers making informed purchases, enacting agency in consumption and aesthetics; by choosing the style or size of a corset, female consumers were able to control to varying degrees, the shape of their bodies. As a staple in the wardrobe of most nineteenth-century women, the corset complicates the study of conspicuous consumption, as it was a garment that was not meant to be seen, but created a highly visible shape, blurring the lines between private and public viewing of the female body. Marxist analysis of the commodity fetish informs this study, and by acknowledging the ways in which the corset became a fetishized object itself, both signaling the shapeliness of femininity while in fact augmenting and diminishing female bodies. This study will address critical theory regarding the gaze and subjectivity, fashion, and modernity, exploring the relationship women had with corsets through media and advertising. A material culture analysis of extant corsets helps understand how corsets were constructed in Toronto, how the women of Toronto wore them, and to what extent they actually shaped their bodies. Ultimately, it is the aim of this dissertation to eschew common misconceptions about the practice of corsetry and showcase the hidden manner in which women produced goods, labour, and their own bodies in the nineteenth century, within the Canadian context.

scholarly journals Wellington 2013 – «There’s no place like home»: The Anxiety of Mobility in the Works of Louise DeSalvo

altrelettere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Luciano
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Space ◽  
Italian American ◽  
Search For Self ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meaning Of Home ◽  
Geographical Space ◽  
Point Of Departure

The often conflicting emotions associated with home and the tension between mobility and fixity are at the heart of autobiographical works that map Italian American writer Louise DeSalvo’s transition from working class girl to privileged «intellectual nomad» (Bruno 2002, 404). The essay is framed around the theorizing of home as a geographical space and idea and its relationship to widespread and diverse forms of mobility. Migration, exile, transnationalism, tourism, and relocation create a mobile space for home not only as a site of origin, but as a destination and transit zone. Rosi Braidotti’s multiple figurations of mobility, both physical and metaphorical, are particularly useful in an analysis of DeSalvo’s autobiographical texts. This essay concentrates on two of her memoires: "Crazy in the Kitchen" (2004) and "On Moving" (2009). In these works DeSalvo interrogates the layers of meaning of home as well as the interaction between home and geographic and intellectual mobility. In "Crazy in the Kitchen", a work that highlights the interconnectedness between food-writing and life-writing in Italian American culture, the narrator’s search for self relies on the constant reinvention of geographical space, of domestic space, and of textual space. "On Moving" explores the condition of relocation or change of dwellings. Taking as a point of departure her own anxiety about changing homes, DeSalvo resorts to an examination of the relationship between mobility and home through the experiences of other writers and thinkers.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Ita at Schaffhausen

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-235
Author(s):  
Shirin Fozi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Small City ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Female Head ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complicated Model ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The Nellenburg family looms large in the historical memory of Schaffhausen. Count Eberhard (ca. 1015-1078/1079) and his wife Ita (d. ca. 1105) had transformed the small city with their patronage, most notably through the foundation of the monastery of Allerheiligen; their children held prominent military and ecclesiastical positions across the Lake Constance region. Together with their son Burkhard, his wife Hedwig, and a cousin known as Irmentrud, Eberhard and Ita were buried prominently in Allerheiligen; their collective funerary monument is one of the earliest and most ambitious of its type that is known from the twelfth century. The monument, however, has only survived in pieces: twentieth-century excavations uncovered two effigies for men and a small fragment of a head from a woman’s effigy, usually identified as Ita. The male figures, largely intact, have received ample scholarly attention from art historians, but the presence of women in the family grave has been overlooked thanks to the near-total loss of their monuments. A recent reconstruction sought to ameliorate this situation by adding a body to complete the fragmentary female head, using the contemporaneous Quedlinburg effigies as a model. The resulting modern monument is beautifully executed and visually gratifying, but like all facsimiles it complicates our view of the original. This article questions the relationship of the fragmentary head and its reception in relation to Ita, whose historical position has been privileged at the expense of her daughter-in-law Hedwig and cousin Irmentrud; it also highlights contextual differences that make the imperial canoness effigies of Quedlinburg a complicated model for reimagining the Schaffhausen women. The goal is not to dismiss the reconstruction but rather to probe the underlying assumptions that continue to impact how medieval bodies, and women’s bodies in particular, are projected into the modern world.

Latin Historiography

Classics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abram Ring
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Sense

Latin historiography can mean how history was written in Latin in ancient times and how modern scholars interpret histories written in Latin. Here the works cited cover Latin historiography from its origins in Cato the Elder (2nd century bce) and the early Roman annalists to the historians of the Late Empire (5th century ce). The biggest controversy in this field comes out of differing interpretations of the relationship between rhetoric and history. Rhetoric was undeniably ever present in Latin historiography, but many modern historians of the ancient world would prefer to see rhetoric as mere ornamentation that we can carefully remove in order to find the truth buried underneath. Literary scholars of historiography, on the other hand, argue that some ancient thinkers thought of history as a branch of rhetoric or at least as inextricable from rhetoric, and that we must remember that rhetorical inventio was basically a process of fictional composition, so sometimes ancient histories may be more fictional than historical in the modern sense. Both sides will agree that ancient histories are much different from modern historical writing, and that the reader must always be aware of rhetoric and other cultural influences in order to get the most out of the texts. History was a fluid genre in the ancient world and had close connections with prose genres such as geography and ethnography as well as poetic genres such as tragedy and epic—these connections help to illustrate just how different Roman histories are from modern historical writing.

Consuming the Caribbean

Taking Flight ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Jennifer Donahue
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship

The fifth chapter analyzes how Tiphanie Yanique’s Land of Love and Drowning and Nicole Dennis-Benn’s Here Comes the Sun critique the surveillance of women’s bodies. In highlighting the multigenerational impact of incest, sex work, and commercial land development, the authors foreground resistance to exploitative practices. Their works explore the interplay of structural inequalities, foreground the emotional and economic impact of exploitative practices, and question who benefits from the commoditization of land and women’s bodies. Here Comes the Sun and Land of Love and Drowning undercut the paradise myth through critical representations of tourism, sex tourism, and land development in Jamaica and the Virgin Islands. The novels call attention to the relationship between power, economics, and the surveillance of sexuality. The authors use the protagonists’ moves away from home, their respective quests for affirmation, to position home as a site of individual and collective trauma.

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