scholarly journals Simulacra of the Victim “Mythological machine”, Violence and Power in the Testimonies of Alfredo Meza and Nancy Guzmán

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniuska González González ◽  
Claire Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Testimonial Literature ◽  
Augusto Pinochet ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hugo Chavez ◽  
The Military

This article analyses the testimonies Así mataron a Danilo Anderson by Alfredo Meza and Ingrid Olderock. La mujer de los perros by Nancy Guzmán, stressing facticity, that is the symbiosis between verifiable and imagined elements, which implies a renewal of the character of testimonial literature and enables a reading of these works beyond the format of journalistic investigation. This factitious receptacle allows to evince the common direction of both texts: in dissimilar contexts of politic violence, such as the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet in Chile and Hugo Chávez Frías regime in Venezuela, power sets in motion a “mythological machine of the victim”, with the aim of creating subjectivities related to their ideology and with the its purpose of making eternal a truth that ends up being a simulacrum of it.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Shmuel Nili
Keyword(s):  
Military Coup ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Augusto Pinochet ◽  
The Military ◽  
Chilean Government

December 2006 saw the passing of General Augusto Pinochet, who ruled Chile through a military dictatorship that lasted almost seventeen years. Pinochet’s regime, which had its roots in a 1973 military coup against Salvador Allende’s democratically elected government, murdered thousands and tortured tens of thousands. Upon Pinochet’s passing, the Chilean government allowed the military to hold official ceremonies mourning him, but refused to honor the military dictator with a head-of-state funeral....

scholarly journals Seeking Solidarity between Protestant and Catholic Churches for Social Justice in Korea: The Case of the Korea Christian Action Organization for Urban Industrial Mission (Saseon) (1976–1989)

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Minah Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
The Common ◽  
Theological Differences ◽  
The Military ◽  
Catholic Churches

The Korea Christian Action Organization for Urban Industrial Mission (Hanguk-gyohoe-sahoeseongyo-hyeubuihoe (Saseon)) was an organization which devoted itself not only to the Korean democratization movement against the military dictatorship, but also to the movement for the improvement of the quality of life of laborers, farmers, and the urban poor from 1976 to 1989. Saseon, a joint organization of Protestants and Catholics, trained activists dedicated to democratization and the people’s right to life movements. The Protestants and Catholics of Saseon believed that participation in social movements was missionary work building the Kingdom of God on Earth, and that they could set a good example of solidarity with a common goal of social justice and a mission for the poor which transcended their theological differences. This paper will illuminate the cooperation between Korean Protestant and Catholic churches toward the common goal of social justice, focusing on the case of Saseon.

Cover-Up

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Alan McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Augusto Pinochet ◽  
The Military ◽  
Cover Up ◽  
Chilean Government

This chapter begins Part Three, “Prosecution,” which chronicles the pursuit of justice in Chile against Manuel Contreras, Pedro Espinoza, and Armando Fernández. US courts previously indicted the three Chileans, and US investigators and diplomats push the Chilean government to try them. The Chilean justice system, nominally independent but under the influence of the military dictatorship, judges the evidence against the three to be insufficient for a trial. Augusto Pinochet takes a direct role in covering up his government’s planning of the assassination.

scholarly journals Images of Suspicion: Surveillance Photos in the Brazilian Political Police Archives

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Mauricio Lissovsky ◽  
Teresa Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Surveillance Camera ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Military

Between its foundation under President Vargas in the 1930s until its closure with the end of the Military Dictatorship in 1983, the Brazilian Political Police Archive accumulated more than one hundred thousand photographs, These pictures, now held in the collections of the State Archive of Rio de Janeiro are almost entirely unknown. Despite the big differences between the various governments and regimes of its fifty years of existence, the common objects of surveillance by the police remained remarkably constant: trade unions, political parties, cultural associations, women’s movements, student movements, anarchists, communists and terrorists. Foreigners, including diplomats, whose activities raised suspicion of espionage or subversion were also kept a watchful eye on. The contemporary surveillance camera has its signature in the wide-angle plongée machinic abstract style, but in the files of the political police, the watchers are always finding ways to leave traces of their own performances as spies. Agamben’s ideas help us to create, in this exploratory essay, a dialogic link between the booking photographs taken of the political prisoners and the spy photographs of the usual suspects. In this sense, these images of suspicion testify not only to the “facts” or “feats” of those men and women under observation. In the trail left by these old photographs we can still hear the steps that once choreographed the ballet of surveillance, a strange pas-de-deux that found, in the interstice of the photographic act, a place for authorship.

Towards a Poor Theatre in Brazil

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
David George
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Social Vision ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
The Military ◽  
Abstract Formulation

São Paulo's Grupo Macunaíma has established a paradigm for a unique form of poor theatre, which has had a marked influence on alternative troupes in Brazil attempting to break the commercial mould and to return to a social vision, lost during the darkest years of the military dictatorship. Grotowski's Towards a Poor Theatre outlines the abstract formulation and practical applications of the method he elaborated in his Polish Laboratory Theatre. The director-theoretician proposed first and foremost to overturn what he called rich theatre: a form of staging using ‘borrowed mechanisms’ from movies and television and expensive scenic technology. The Polish Laboratory was also an actor-centred theatre in which the stage was redesigned architecturally for each performance to allow the performers to interact with the audience and in which there were no naturalistic sets or props, no recorded music or sophisticated lighting. The actor, through a complex system of signs, continually created and recreated the meaning of text, constumes, set, and props. ‘By this use of controlled gesture the actor transforms the floor into a sea, a table into a confessional, a piece of iron into an animate partner, etc.’ (Poor Theatre, p. 21). Grotowski's plays were filled with costumes made of torn bags, bathtubs serving as altars, bunkbeds becoming mountains, hammers used as ‘musical’ instruments. ‘Each object must contribute not to the meaning but to the dynamic of the play; its value resides in its various uses.’ Other tenets of the Grotowski system germane to this study are a return to mythical and ritual roots, the theatrical remaking of classical works, and the collective basis of stagecraft.

The Historian’s Role, Public History, and the National Truth Commission in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Viz Quadrat
Keyword(s):  
Public History ◽  
Truth Commission ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Reconciliation ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn 2011, twenty-six years after the end of the military dictatorship, the Brazilian government took the initiative of implementing the right to memory and to the truth, as well as promoting national reconciliation. A National Truth Commission was created aiming at examining and shedding light on serious human rights violations practiced by government agents from 1946 to 1985. It worked across the entire national territory for almost three years and established partnerships with governments of other countries in order to investigate and expose the international networks created by dictatorships for monitoring and persecuting political opponents across borders. This article analyzes the relationship between historians and the National Truth Commission in Brazil, in addition to the construction of dictatorship public history in the country. In order to do so, the Commission’s relationship with the national community of historians, the works carried out, as well as historians’ reactions towards its works, from its creation until its final report in 2014, will be examined.

The social service Reconceptualisation Movement in Brazil from 1960 to 1970

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Isaura Gomes de Carvalho Aquino ◽  
Maria Rosângela Batistoni ◽  
Graziela Scheffer Machado
Keyword(s):  
Social Service ◽  
Renewal Process ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Service Professional ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Military

The aim of the current article is to present results of three studies about the so-called Reconceptualisation Movement in Brazil, based on the historical rescue of significant and exemplifying expressions used in the country from 1960 to 1970. The analysed studies have focused on investigating the economic and social significance of the military dictatorship to Brazilian society. They aimed at unveiling the historical background, sociopolitical bases and theoretical-methodological references guiding social service professional projects in the country at that time. The herein conducted analysis was based on documentary and bibliographic sources, collections, and testimonials to identify the strengths of projects that were in compliance with, and in opposition to, each other due to the tense theoretical and ideological dispute for hegemony in the Brazilian social service renewal process.

Merchants and Society in Tokugawa Japan

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488
Author(s):  
Charles D. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tokugawa Period ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Military

Merchants in the Tokugawa period were placed at the bottom of the shinōkōshō hierarchy of samurai-peasants-artisans-merchants. This social hierarchy was produced by a combination of social reality at the time Japan was unified in the late sixteenth century and an ancient Chinese physiocratic theory, never taken very seriously, in practical ways, in China. Once the country was unified, the social mobility of the previous years, of a kind which permitted men of ability to climb from the lowest ranks to join the military nobility—Hideyoshi is the prime example of this mobility—was viewed, by Hideyoshi above all others, as a cause of prolonged chaos and internecine warfare. With the argument that war had been abolished and common people therefore no longer needed weapons, Hideyoshi carried out his ‘sword-hunt’. He thus established the most fundamental of the class distinctions, between the samurai, the ruling class, who now enjoyed a monopoly of bearing arms, and the common people, who were henceforth expected simply to produce the food and other necessities of life, and to pay their taxes, which remained high even though warfare was supposedly ended.

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