Neuronal Signatures of Negative and Positive Schemas towards the Self and Others in Patients with Early Stage Schizophrenia

The bidirectional regulation of thymulin in the reproductive-endocrine function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis of rats immunized againstGnRHremains largely unclear. We explored the alterations in hormones in the HPG axis in immunized rats to dissect the repressive effect of immunization on thymulin, and to clarify the interrelation of reproductive hormones and thymulinin vivo. The results showed that, in the first 2 weeks of booster immunization, thymulin was repressed when reproductive hormones were severely reduced. The self-feedback regulation of thymulin was then stimulated in later immune stages: the rising circulating thymulin upregulated LH and FSH, including GnRH in the hypothalamus, although the levels of those hormones were still significantly lower than in the control groups. In astrocytes, thymulin produced a feedback effect in regulated GnRH neurons. However, in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and the median eminence (ME), the mediator of astrocytes and other glial cells were also directly affected by reproductive hormones. Thus, in immunized rats, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was distinctly stimulated in the Arc and ME. This study demonstrated that thymulin was downregulated by immunization againstGnRHin early stage. Subsequently, the self-feedback regulation was provoked by low circulating thymulin. Thereafter, rising thymulin levels promoted pituitary gonadotropins levels, while acting directly onGnRHneurons, which was mediated by astrocytes in a region-dependent manner in the hypothalamus.

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Monitoring the Early Stage Self-Assembly of Enzyme-Assisted Peptide Hydrogels

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch12557 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 572 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Richard J. Williams ◽

James Gardiner ◽

Anders B. Sorensen ◽

Silvia Marchesan ◽

Roger J. Mulder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

1H Nmr ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Early Stage ◽

The Self ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Subsequent Formation ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Hydrogel Formation ◽

Assembly Kinetics ◽

Peptide Hydrogels

The early stages of the self-assembly of peptide hydrogels largely determine their final material properties. Here we discuss experimental methodologies for monitoring the self-assembly kinetics which underpin peptide hydrogel formation. The early stage assembly of an enzyme-catalysed Fmoc-trileucine based self-assembled hydrogel was examined using spectroscopic techniques (circular dichroism, CD, and solution NMR) as well as chromatographic (HPLC) and mechanical (rheology) techniques. Optimal conditions for enzyme-assisted hydrogel formation were identified and the kinetics examined. A lag time associated with the formation and accumulation of the self-assembling peptide monomer was observed and a minimum hydrogelator concentration required for gelation was identified. Subsequent formation of well defined nano- and microscale structures lead to self-supporting hydrogels at a range of substrate and enzyme concentrations. 1H NMR monitoring of the early self-assembly process revealed trends that were well in agreement with those identified using traditional methods (i.e. HPLC, CD, rheology) demonstrating 1H NMR spectroscopy can be used to non-invasively monitor the self-assembly of peptide hydrogels without damaging or perturbing the system.

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Philosophical pedagogy as critics and self- critics: german experience

Osvitolohiya ◽

10.28925/2226-3012.2017.6.4451 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 44-51

Author(s):

Maria Kultayeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Culture ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Early Stage ◽

Social Systems ◽

The State ◽

The Self ◽

Modern Education ◽

Education Theory ◽

The Guardian ◽

Research Show

In the article are regarded some evolutional tendencies of philosophical pedagogy in the German theoretical tradition. The turn from the normative theories to functional-structuring ones is analyzed on the factual material of Neo-Hegelianism (E. Spranger, T. Litt) and on Adorno’s half-education theory, where the half-education is represented as a form of educational alienation und contributes its conversion to anti-education. One of the alternative theoretical variants proposed by A. Tremlis deduced from theory of the self-referent social systems. Is showed that critics and self-critics of different philosophical and pedagogical constructs is giving impulses for development of philosophical pedagogy as a reflection of the inside logic of learning and educational practices including the claims of globalization. Despite numerous publications devoted to the problem of philosophical and pedagogical comprehension of the challenges of globalization that education is challenged with, the issue is still at an early stage. Nevertheless, the analysis shows that it has already made a certain contribution to the study of real and possible pathologies for the development of modern education. The findings of the research show that the reflection of the state and problems of education in philosophical pedagogy is, at the same time, always a test of the ability of pedagogical theories to fulfill their general civilization function. The activation of its ability to self-criticism is required to cope with that. Without the above mentioned factor, it can easily integrate into political ideology or adapt to the demands of the mass culture, turning from the guardian of the humanistic potential of education into its academically trained destroyer.

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Critica Literară Românească Din Perspectiva Metodelor De Analiză Autocolonială (1840-1939)

Lucian Blaga Yearbook ◽

10.2478/clb-2019-0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

David Morariu

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

The Self ◽

Economic Report ◽

The West ◽

Central Concept ◽

Critical Discourses ◽

The Way

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the Romanian critical discourses of the second half of the 19th century and especially of the first half of the 20th century, starting from the central concept of “self-colonization”, coined by Alexander Kiossev. The article opens with the conceptual delimiting of the phenomenon imposed by the Bulgarian theoretician and with the hypothesis that Romanian culture can be attributed to self-colonizing cultures. The demonstration of this hypothesis consists of three arguments. The critical discourses belonging to G. Ibrăileanu, E. Lovinescu and C. Dobrogeanu-Gherea highlight, firstly, some of the characteristics of this self-subordination relation. The way the first two emphasize the role of imitation, the necessity of adopting the foreign models and the way Gherea treats the dependence upon the West under an economic report, represent, briefly, the center of the first part of the demonstration. The second one brings to the fore Mihail Kogălniceanu and Titu Maiorescu’s profiles, their discourses being characterized by clumsiness and flaws so typical for a culture found in an early stage of its development. The last argument broadens the scope of the demonstration in the sense that the analysis focuses on social and economic delimiting. The purpose of this delimiting is to establish which are the areas that are more responsive to the manifestation of the self-colonizing phenomenon.

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Transition from Self-Organized Criticality into Self-Organization during Sliding Si3N4 Balls against Nanocrystalline Diamond Films

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e21111055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 1055

Author(s):

Bogatov ◽

Podgursky ◽

Vagiström ◽

Yashin ◽

Shaikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Friction Force ◽

Power Law ◽

Early Stage ◽

Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽

The Self ◽

Self Organization ◽

Power Law Distribution ◽

Reciprocating Sliding ◽

Self Organized ◽

Self Organized Criticality

The paper investigates the variation of friction force (Fx) during reciprocating sliding tests on nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films. The analysis of the friction behavior during the run-in period is the focus of the study. The NCD films were grown using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD) on single-crystalline diamond SCD(110) substrates. Reciprocating sliding tests were conducted under 500 and 2000 g of normal load using Si3N4 balls as a counter body. The friction force permanently varies during the test, namely Fx value can locally increase or decrease in each cycle of sliding. The distribution of friction force drops (dFx) was extracted from the experimental data using a specially developed program. The analysis revealed a power-law distribution f-µ of dFx for the early stage of the run-in with the exponent value (µ) in the range from 0.6 to 2.9. In addition, the frequency power spectrum of Fx time series follows power-law distribution f-α with α value in the range of 1.0–2.0, with the highest values (1.6–2.0) for the initial stage of the run-in. No power-law distribution of dFx was found for the later stage of the run-in and the steady-state periods of sliding with the exception for periods where a relatively extended decrease of coefficient of friction (COF) was observed. The asperity interlocking leads to the stick-slip like sliding at the early stage of the run-in. This tribological behavior can be related to the self-organized criticality (SOC). The emergence of dissipative structures at the later stages of the run-in, namely the formation of ripples, carbonaceous tribolayer, etc., can be associated with the self-organization (SO).

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EXAMINATION OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND STRESS COPING STYLES DURING EARLY STAGE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Gevher Nesibe Journal, IESDR ◽

10.46648/gnj.188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 1-09

Author(s):

Bedia TARSUSLU ◽

Hava KAYA ◽

Özge ÖNER

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Early Stage ◽

Personal Information ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Early Period ◽

The Self ◽

Stress Coping ◽

Anxiety Levels

Objective: It is aimed to examine the anxiety levels and stress coping styles of individuals in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 503 individuals, from 24 March to 25 April 2020. Data were collected online using Personal Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) and Stress Coping Styles Scale (SCSS). Descriptive and parametric tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the participants 72.4% were women and 56.9% were between the ages of 18-28. In the early period of COVID-19, 30.2% of the participants stated that they felt depressive and 30.4% felt anxious emotions. In addition, 57.7% of the participants went out of the house to shop. While the STAI mean scores of women were significantly higher than men, the SCSS Self-Confident approach and Optimistic approach subscale scores were found to be significantly lower. As there was a negative relationship between STAI and the Self-confident approach, Optimistic approach and Seeking social support subscales of SCSS, it was found that there was a positive relationship between the Desperate approach and Submissive approach subscales. Conclusion: It can be said that individuals experience depressive and anxious emotions, women experience more anxiety, and men use self-confident and optimistic approach-type coping styles more than women. In addition, in case of an epidemic, it was observed that individuals use desperate and submissive coping styles as their anxiety levels increase.

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Self-Reported Cognitive Decline Based on the Ascertain Dementia 8 Questionnaire May Be Effective for Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in the Community: The Wakuya Project

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000514324 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Mari Kasai ◽

Tomohiro Sugawara ◽

Junko Takada ◽

Keiichi Kumai ◽

Kei Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Early Stage ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Japanese Version ◽

The Self ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating

Introduction: To assess cognitive impairment, self-awareness is an important issue. The Ascertain Dementia 8 questionnaire (AD8) is a brief observation checklist for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. After analyzing the reliability and validity of a self-reported Japanese version of the AD8 (AD8-J), we compared self- and informant-reported versions of the AD8-J. Methods: A total of 93 community residents aged 75 years or older living in Wakuya, Northern Japan, agreed to participate in this study; 35 were rated as Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 0 (healthy), 46 as CDR 0.5 (defined herein as MCI), and 12 as CDR 1 or above (dementia, confirmed by the DSM-IV). We examined the reliability and validity using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We analyzed the differences between self-reported and informant-reported AD8-J using a repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The self-reported AD8-J showed a satisfactory reliability (i.e., Cronbach coefficient, α = 0.71; Guttman split half method coefficient = 0.60). For CDR 0 vs. CDR 0.5 or above, the area under the ROC curve was 0.74 and the cutoff score was 1/2, with a sensitivity of 70.7% and a specificity of 65.7%. Analysis of the subscores of AD8 suggested that, from the early stage of dementia, the subjects showed a subjective decline in memory and interest in hobbies/activities, as well as problems with judgment. Conclusion: It is suggested that the self-reported AD8-J was effective in detecting MCI and dementia. We could use it for detecting MCI and dementia, including in those living alone, in the primary health checkup.

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The Transformational Experience of Junior Nurses Resulting from Providing Care to COVID-19 Patients: From Facing Hurdles to Achieving Psychological Growth

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7383

Author(s):

Yuk-Chiu Yip ◽

Ka-Huen Yip ◽

Wai-King Tsui

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Acute Care ◽

Early Stage ◽

Self Care ◽

Transformation Process ◽

The Self ◽

Direct Care ◽

Psychological Growth ◽

Step Method ◽

Person Perspective

The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put significant pressure on junior nursing staff. The objective of this study was to examine the in-depth experiences of junior nurses in providing care for COVID-19 patients within an acute care setting. This study employed a phenomenological method to understand the situation from a first-person perspective. Purposive sampling was used. Interviews were performed with 40 junior nurses (<4 years of clinical experience) who provided direct care to COVID-19 patients in isolation wards in acute care settings in Hong Kong. The interviews were conducted from 1 January 2021 to 24 May 2021 via virtual conferencing software (Zoom) to maintain social distancing, and the responses were analysed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Junior nurses’ psychological experiences of providing direct care to COVID-19 patients were categorised into four main themes. First, there were hurdles in the early stages, in which participants experienced negative emotions, such as fear, anxiety, helplessness, and fatigue. Somatic symptoms, such as headaches and sleep disturbance, were reported. Second, the adoption of self-care coping strategies enabled nurses to confront the hurdles, signifying the start of self-transformation. Third, junior nurses maintained positivity under pressure by appreciating their sources of support (including their families and other important relationships in their lives). Professionalism was also found to reinforce positivity. Fourth, self-transformation resulted in psychological growth, which prepared junior nurses to be resilient and confident in their clinical practice to take up future challenges in the ongoing battle against the pandemic. The hurdles experienced by junior nurses at the early stage of their work in isolation wards provided the foundation upon which self-transformation took place. Being able to employ self-care coping strategies and further sustain positivity characterised the self-transformation process. Eventually, junior nurses became resilient and more capable of understanding both the negativity and positivity of their experiences. The self-transformation process also enabled junior nurses to recognise and appreciate the wider support system from various parties in society.

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Bifurcation of self-assembly pathways to sheet or cage controlled by kinetic template effect

Communications Chemistry ◽

10.1038/s42004-019-0232-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Leonardo Hayato Foianesi-Takeshige ◽

Satoshi Takahashi ◽

Tomoki Tateishi ◽

Ryosuke Sekine ◽

Atsushi Okazawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Early Stage ◽

Building Blocks ◽

The Self ◽

Numerical Analyses ◽

Template Effect ◽

Self Assembled ◽

Assembly Pathways ◽

Formation Step

Abstract The template effect is a key feature to control the arrangement of building blocks in assemblies, but its kinetic nature remains elusive compared to the thermodynamic aspects, with the exception of very simple reactions. Here we report a kinetic template effect in a self-assembled cage composed of flexible ditopic ligands and Pd(II) ions. Without template anion, a micrometer-sized sheet is kinetically trapped (off-pathway), which is converted into the thermodynamically most stable cage by the template anion. When the template anion is present from the start, the cage is selectively produced by the preferential cyclization of a dinuclear intermediate (on-pathway). Quantitative and numerical analyses of the self-assembly of the cage on the on-pathway revealed that the accelerating effect of the template is stronger for the early stage reactions of the self-assembly than for the final cage formation step itself, indicating the kinetic template effect.

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