scholarly journals SIMULATION OF AN ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SIGNAL CONVERTER FOR ADAPTIVE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TASKS

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Olha Yeroshenko ◽  
Igor Prasol ◽  
Oleh Datsok
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Input Circuit ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Parametric Synthesis ◽  
Rejection Coefficient ◽  
Electromyographic Signal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Signal Converter

The subject matter of the article is an electromyographic signal transducer, which are an integral part of devices for adaptive electrical stimulation of muscle structures based on reverse electromyographic communication. The goal of the work is to study the features, obtaining the corresponding theoretical relationships and computer modeling of a differential biopotential converter, providing amplification of the useful component and suppression of harmful interference, the spectra of which intersect. The following tasks were solved in the article: determining the effect of electrode width and electrode spacing on crosstalk; formation of the electrode-skin model and the input circuit of the transducer, obtaining theoretical relations for calculating the rejection coefficient, construction of the transducer circuit and its computer simulation. The following methods were used – methods of mathematical modeling of processes and technical devices; methods of analysis, structural and parametric synthesis of nonlinear electronic circuits; methods of machine design. The following results were obtained – a biopotential amplifier circuit with tracking feedback on power supply is proposed; modeling of dynamic processes by means of the Multisim program was carried out; on the basis of the constructed model of the electrode-skin input circuit and the obtained analytical relationships, the rejection coefficient of the input circuit of the equivalent circuit is calculated; the requirements for the signal registration module are formulated. Conclusions: The considered version of the electromyographic signal converter circuit based on tracking communication on power supply, effectively rejects 50 Hz common mode noise. On the basis of the constructed equivalent model of the input circuit of the amplifier, the theoretical relation for calculating the rejection coefficient of such amplifiers. The circuit is simulated in the Multisim program, the results confirmed the correctness of its functioning. The requirements for the interelectrode distance and the thickness of the electrodes themselves are also formulated. The results obtained can be used to design complexes for adaptive electrical stimulation.

scholarly journals A study on the effect of electrical stimulation as a user stimuli for motor imagery classification in Brain-Machine Interface

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saugat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Maureen Clerc ◽  
Mitsuhiro Hayashibe
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Movement Training ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Motor Intention ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Muscle Activations

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) provides a neuroprosthetic interface to non-recovered muscle groups by stimulating the affected region of the human body. FES in combination with Brain-machine interfacing (BMI) has a wide scope in rehabilitation because this system directly links the cerebral motor intention of the users with its corresponding peripheral muscle activations. In this paper, we examine the effect of FES on the electroencephalography (EEG) during motor imagery (left- and right-hand movement) training of the users. Results suggest a significant improvement in the classification accuracy when the subject was induced with FES stimuli as compared to the standard visual one.

scholarly journals The economics of use of wireless power supply in electric buses

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 01034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Filipiak ◽  
Jarosław Jajczyk ◽  
Arkadiusz Dobrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
Wireless Power Supply

The article discusses the subject of wireless power supply for battery packs in electric buses. It presents the disadvantages and advantages of such a way to power the vehicle and charge the batteries. An attempt is made at analysing the economic legitimacy of use of this type of energy transfer method. The analysis is based on the annual course of the bus at the level of 70 000 km with the used battery pack whose capacity reaches 250 kWh. The assumed life of the system comprised of 2000 charging cycles. The characteristics of energy and losses was drawn up based on the entire life.

Neuronal responses in cat primary auditory cortex to electrical cochlear stimulation. II. Repetition rate coding

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Schreiner ◽  
M. W. Raggio
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Firing Rate ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Cochlear Prosthesis ◽  
Cutoff Frequencies

1. Responses of neurons in primary auditory cortex (AI) of the barbiturate-anesthetized adult cat were studied using cochlear stimulation with electrical and acoustic stimuli. Neuronal responses to acoustic stimulation with brief biphasic clicks of the ear ipsilateral to the studied cortical hemisphere were compared with those evoked by electrical stimulation of the contralateral cochlea with brief biphasic electrical pulses delivered via a feline cochlear prosthesis. The contralateral ear was deafened immediately before implantation of the cochlear prosthesis. The feline cochlear prosthesis consisted of four bipolar electrode pairs and was placed in the scala tympani. Two bipolar electrode conditions were used for stimulation: one near radial pair with electrode spacing of 0.25-0.5 mm, and one longitudinal pair with electrode spacing of approximately 6 mm. 2. The firing rates obtained from single- and multiple-neuron recordings were measured as a function of stimulus repetition rate of electrical and acoustic pulses. From period histograms over a recording interval of 1,000 ms, the driven firing rate to repetition rates from 2 to 38 Hz was obtained and repetition rate transfer functions (RRTFs) were constructed. The RRTFs were characterized as low-pass or band-pass filters and several descriptors were obtained, such as the repetition rate producing the highest driven activity, high and low cutoff frequencies 6 dB below maximum firing rate, and maximum firing rate. 3. For a given neuron, the main characteristics of cortical RRTFs obtained with electrical and acoustic cochlear stimulation were quite similar. However, some small but statistically significant differences in the best repetition rate, cutoff frequencies, and maximum firing rate could be observed between the different stimulation modes. The proportion of band-pass RRTFs was larger for electrical stimulation (57%) than for acoustic stimulation (41%). The high cutoff frequencies for electrical stimulation were slightly but consistently higher than for acoustic RRTFs of the same neuron and the maximum firing rate for electrical stimulation was significantly higher than that evoked by ipsilateral acoustic stimulation. 4. The entrainment of cortical neurons to electrical and acoustic pulses was determined and entrainment profiles were constructed. For a given neuron, electrical entrainment profiles showed higher cutoff frequencies than with acoustic stimulation when judged with a fixed entrainment criterion of 0.25 spikes per event. The maximum entrainment seen for electrical stimulation was approximately 20% higher than seen for the same neuron with acoustic stimulation. 5. Correlation analysis of repetition coding and latency parameters revealed several relationships between these response aspects. Most prominent among them was a significant correlation between measures of the response latency and estimates of the ability to follow temporal repetitions for acoustic as well as electrical conditions. 6. Parametric and comparative evaluations of cortical responses to acoustic and electrical cochlear stimulation support the conclusion that the temporal resolution seen in cortical neurons is largely a consequence of central processing mechanisms based on cell and circuit properties and to a lesser degree a consequence of particular spatial and temporal peripheral excitation patterns. The slightly higher temporal resolution found for the electrical stimulation modes suggests that the temporally highly coherent electrical stimulation appears to engage, in a more effective manner, the excitatory/inhibitory mechanisms contributing to the response in AI than acoustic click stimulation with less temporal coherence. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

scholarly journals Upper and lower body coordination in FES-assisted sit-to-stand transfers in paraplegic subjects - A case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Jović ◽  
Christine Azevedo Coste ◽  
Philippe Fraisse ◽  
Charles Fattal
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Trunk Movement ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Trunk Acceleration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stimulation Pattern

AbstractThe objective of the work presented is to improve functional electrical stimulation (FES) assisted sit-to-stand motion in complete paraplegic individuals by restoring coordination between the upper part of the subject’s body, under voluntary control, and the lower part of the body, under FES control. The proposed approach is based on the observation of trunk movement during rising motion and a detection algorithm, which triggers a pre-programmed stimulation pattern. We present a pilot study carried out on one T6 paraplegic subject. We validated the ability of the subject to produce repeatable trunk acceleration during sit-to-stand transfers under FES and, the ability of the system to trigger the stimulator at the desired instant in time. We also analyzed the influence of the timing of leg stimulation, relative to the trunk acceleration profile, on upper limb efforts applied during sit-to-stand motion.

scholarly journals Electricity metering and backup power supply for multi-storey buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 05051
Author(s):  
Aktam Denmukhammadiev ◽  
Almardon Mustafoqulov ◽  
Himalokhon Valikhonova ◽  
Erkin Sobirov ◽  
Тemur Raimov
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The city of Tashkent is developing at a very fast pace, and the power supply of a new type is the subject of innovation in this direction. Commercial metering of electricity in multi-storey buildings in modern cities mainly solves the current payment problems for consumed electricity. And the main disadvantages of such networks will remain overboard. Technically competently control the common highway of a multi-storey building is necessary. Here, the commercial metering of electricity consumption does not solve the technical policy considering the development of the city. The construction of multi-storey buildings based on an individual project is growing rapidly in the city. Together with the environmental aspects of the impact of such buildings, it is necessary to address the issue of reliability in power supply. The use of power supply schemes taking into account backup power is relevant. It is proposed to take a diesel power plant as a backup source. For this, an electrical circuit of relay protection using an automatic transfer switch is proposed.

Neuronal responses in cat primary auditory cortex to electrical cochlear stimulation. I. Intensity dependence of firing rate and response latency

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 2334-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Raggio ◽  
C. E. Schreiner
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Stimulus Level ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Cochlear Prosthesis ◽  
Rate Level

1. Responses of neurons in primary auditory cortex (AI) of the barbiturate anesthetized adult cat were studied using cochlear stimulation with electrical and acoustic stimuli. Acoustic stimulation of the ear ipsilateral to the studied cortical hemisphere with brief biphasic clicks was compared with electrical stimulation of the contralateral cochlea with brief biphasic electrical pulses delivered via a feline cochlear prosthesis. The contralateral ear was deafened immediately before implantation of the cochlear prosthesis. The feline cochlear prosthesis consisted of four bipolar electrode pairs and was placed in the scala tympani. Two bipolar electrode conditions were used for stimulation: one near radial pair with electrode spacing of approximately 0.5 mm, and one longitudinal pair with electrode spacing of approximately 6 mm. 2. The firing rates obtained from single- and multiple-neuron recordings were measured as a function of stimulus intensity for single electrical and acoustic pulses. Resulting rate/level functions were characterized by a fast growing low-level segment and a more slowly growing, saturating, or decreasing high-level segment. The slopes of these two segments as well as the stimulus level and firing rate at the juncture of these two segments (the transition point) provide a complete characterization of the response magnitude behavior as a function of stimulus intensity. 3. The main characteristics of rate/level functions obtained with electrical and acoustic cochlear stimulation were quite similar. However, for any given neuron, differences in the primary growth behavior, such as monotonic or nonmonotonic growth, could be observed between the different stimulation modes. 4. Response latencies from single- and multiple-neuron recordings were obtained as a function of stimulus intensity for electrical and acoustic pulses. Resulting latency/level functions were characterized by a rapidly decreasing low-level segment and a more slowly decreasing high-level segment. The slopes of these two segments as well as the stimulus level and response latency at the juncture of these two segments (the transition point) provide a complete characterization of the response latency behavior as a function of stimulus intensity. Transition point levels for the rate/level function and the latency/level were nearly identical. 5. The characteristic latency behavior for each neuronal response was found to be very similar for acoustic and electrical stimulation. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship between latency parameters of the two electrical stimulation conditions, a weaker relationship between the longitudinal electrical and the acoustic conditions, and the weakest relationship between the radial electrical and acoustic conditions. 6. Correlation analysis for rate and latency parameters revealed several relationships between these response aspects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals A New Validation Approach of a New Three-Phase High Voltage Power Supply for Microwaves Generators with one Magnetron by Phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
M. Bassoui ◽  
M. Ferfra ◽  
M. Chraygane
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
High Voltage Power Supply ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Voltage Doubler ◽  
Magnetic Shunt

In order to validating the new three-phase High voltage power supply for microwave generators with one magnetron by phase, this paper presents a new validation approach to evaluate the proposed model with several evaluations. This approach is based on the calculation and measurement of the performance and the power factor of this new three-phase power supply, also the study of the operation of this new system in case of failure. The design of this power supply is composed of new three-phase transformer with magnetic shunt, supplying by phase a voltage doubler cell composed of a capacitor and a diode. Each cell in turn, supplies a single magnetron. In this paper we have presented the new three-phase transformer by its equivalent model; it’s a π  quadruple  model composed  of  storable  inductances  able  to translating the nonlinear saturation phenomena for stabilization of  the  magnetron  current. The voltage and current curves obtained by simulation with MATLAB SIMULINK are in good conformity with those obtained by experimental of conventional power supply using a single phase transformer for one magnetron.<strong> </strong>The same curves will allow us to plot the instantaneous power absorbed by each magnetron. This leads to determine the average power emitted by each magnetron, and establish the balance of the power microwave generator by computing its performance which is compared to that obtained from experimental. After that we will compute the power factor of this power supply and we will study its operation in case of failure of one or two magnetrons.

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