scholarly journals The system of verbs of fallıng in Karata

2020 ◽  
Vol XVI (1) ◽  
pp. 786-800
Author(s):  
I. Netkachev ◽  
◽  
K. Filatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Mass Noun ◽  
Loud Sound ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Countable Noun ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Village

In this paper we describe the verbs of falling in Karata, an Andic (<East Caucasian) language. Our research is based on the dialect of Karata which is spoken in the village of Karata (Akhvakhsky district, Dagestan, Russia). The semantic field of falling includes eight verbs. The verb t’araɬa ‘to fall down’ is the dominant one. It can be used in the majority of situations of falling. The remaining seven verbs are more specialized. They are used in the situations of falling which have special features. The verb karaɬa ‘to topple over’ describes the situation of falling from a vertical position. Some of the verbs can only be combined with special subjects of falling (e.g. only with humans). t’oraɬa ‘to drip’ and ͡tʃʷaχːaɬa ‘to fl ow’ describe the falling of water. The first verbal root, t’oraɬa ‘to drip’, describes the falling of small portions of water (e.g. of water drops). Furthermore, the root of this verb may be (partially) reduplicated: in Karata, (partial) reduplication has the semantics of so-called verbal plurality. The meaning of tʼor~t’-aɬa ‘drip~VPL-INF’ presupposes that there was a number of drips, not only one drip. The second verbal root for the falling of water, ͡tʃʷaχːaɬa ‘to fl ow’, describes the falling of water as a substance (i.e. as a mass noun). tort͡ʃʼːaɬa ‘to crash’ is special in that it implies that the falling occurred with a loud sound. It covers many falling situations, including falling from upside down and falling from vertical position. The verb χːeraɬa ‘to pour’ is used with friable substances (e.g. sand). baχːaɬa ‘to collapse’ describes falling with destruction of the subject of falling. Finally, giraɬa ‘to lay down’ specializes in falling of human subjects from a vertical position. Overall, there are two parameters are crucial for the system of verbs of falling in Karata: (i) a kind of the subject of falling (human vs. non-human, mass noun vs. countable noun) and (ii) a kind of the situation of falling (e.g. falling from a vertical position or falling with destruction of the subject of falling)

scholarly journals Towards a description of the semantic field ‘falling’ in Rutul

2020 ◽  
Vol XVI (1) ◽  
pp. 801-818
Author(s):  
P. Nasledskova ◽  
◽  
I. Netkachev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Position ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Verbs Of Motion ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Village

This paper aims to describe the semantic fi led of ‘falling’ in Rutul (<Lezgic < East Caucasian). Our research is based on the data from Kina Rutul variety, which is spoken in the village of Kina (Rutulsky district, Dagestan, Russia). All the data have been elicited. For our analysis, we use a frame-based methodology for lexical typology. Rutul language is typologically unusual since it lacks verbs with lexical meaning ‘to fall’ (however, this seems to be not so rare in the East Caucasian language family). Still, Rutul has means to express the relevant semantic oppositions in the ‘falling’ domain, such as various initial positions (e.g. falling from a container, falling from a vertical position) and subjects of falling (animate / inanimate, singular / plural, countable / mass). Rutul uses verbs of motion and posture such as -irxur ‘appear’, -eč’ur ‘move (intr.)’, lukur ‘lie’, -aˁʁuˁr ‘pour’, ruʔur ‘come’. -irxur ‘appear’, combined with spatial verbal prefi xes and spatial adverbs, as in saʔ ʔ-i‹r›xu-r ‘fall down’, describes almost all types of falling. The verbs are combined with spatial prefi xes ʔ- ‘into’, s- ‘down’, l- ‘up’, ʁ- ‘out’, k- ‘in contact’ and g- ‘under’ and spatial adverbs saʔ ‘down’, ʁaʔ ‘out’ and aʔ ‘inside’. There may be up to two spatial prefi xes in one verb form, as in gi-ʁ-i‹b›xu-r ‘fall off ’. In case there are two preverbs, the second one is obligatorily ʁ- ‘out’. There are verbs that cannot be used without a verbal prefi x (e.g. verbs derived from -irxur ‘appear’), but spatial adverbs are usually optional. The choice of verbal prefi x is governed by peculiarities of the ending point of falling and the presence or absence of saʔ ‘down’. For example, the preverb ʔ- ‘into’ is obligatorily used if the ending point of falling is inside a container (in a pit, for example). The adverb saʔ ‘down’ is obligatory in a limited number of contexts.

Etos Kerja Islam Dan Ketahanan Usaha Kerajinan Tangan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ubaidillah ◽  
Misbahul Khoir
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Village ◽  
Collection Methods

The objectives of research include; first, to describe what local Islamic working ethos are as the basis for the resilience of songkok, whip and slap handicraft businesses in Serah Panceng Gresik Village. Second, to describe the resilience of the songkok, whip and slap handicraft business in the village of Serah Panceng Gresik. This study is a qualitative-descriptive study with the aim of understanding the phenomena experienced by the subject of research including behavior, perception, motivation, and action holistically by utilizing various scientific methods. Data collection methods include; Observation, In-depth Interview or Focus Group Discussion, Documentation. Data analysis techniques include: processing and preparing data for analysis, reading the entire data, analyzing in more detail by coding data, considering detailed instructions that can help the coding process, giving descriptions that will be presented in the report, interpreting and interpreting data. The results showed that in Serah Village local Islamic working ethos were preserved by the community, such as alms giving, reading dziba', reading tahlil, attending haul akbar, and reading sholawat together every Friday. Although in the tradition it does not involve songkok, whip, and slap directly, there is a good impact to support the resilience of songkok, but not whip, and slap production. Religious rituals by praying together asking Allah to facilitate and carry out business in production songkok, whip, and slap are an expression of gratitude for what God gave to the people of Serah Village. All economic activity done by Serah community is meant to get God’s willing. Keywords: Islamic Working Ethos, Handicraft Businesses

Finding a Voice: the Community Dramas of Monticchiello

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Richard Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Italian Comedy ◽  
Full Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Regular Contact ◽  
The Village

The regular community drama activity of the village of Monticchiello in Italy has been pursued for nearly a quarter of a century, but is still little known abroad. A full study of the phenomenon is as much a study of the community, past and present, as it is a piece of theatrical analysis, in the area where there is a complete interlock between social history and the theatrical activity which a society produces. Since the work and history of the Teatro Povero have too many ramifications for everything to be summarized or even alluded to in one article, Richard Andrews here sets out to introduce the subject to students of theatre ‘by example’ – aiming to dig a single trench into the strata, in order to convey the outlines of the subject, hopefully without damage to the evidence needed for a more complete survey. Richard Andrews is Professor of Italian at Leeds University, having previously taught at Swansea and Kent. For the past fifteen years his research interests have been mainly concentrated on theatrical material, and he is currently preparing a study of sixteenth-century Italian comedy for Cambridge University Press. His regular contact with Monticchiello dates from 1983, and has been supported by a systematic analysis of all the texts produced there since 1967.

Perencanaan Pelaksanaan Dana Desa Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-143
Author(s):  
Fajar Royan Safarullah ◽  
Ahmad Mulyadi Kosim ◽  
Retno Triwoelandari
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Cash Assistance ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Village Life ◽  
The Village

            The Village law has made the village the subject of development. Villages and villagers jointly initiate village development in order to create a better livelihood and village life. Village funds as village capacity in development have the potential to improve community welfare. This Research is a qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach in order to analyze the planning and implementation process of village funds in improving community welfare from a sharia economic perspective. Data collection techniques used are interview, observation and documentation methods. The governments, community leaders and villagers became informants so that a broad perspective was obtained about village funds and their implications for walfare. The results showed that the planning and implementation of village funds was not yet participatory, the grassroots community had not been involved. Physical infrastructure became the priority of discussion during the planning process. In an effort to improve welfare in 2019 touching the aspects of health, education, and community residence. In 2020, village funds have a greater role in increasing community income in the form the cash assistance to the community in overcoming the covid 19 pandemic. In order to achieve a comprehensive development, in the process must apply sharia economic values. The value of integrity in the devekopment process in the form of justice, trust and fulfillment of reponsibilities as well as helping each other.

scholarly journals Podmiot w paradygmacie relacji ekosystemowej

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Krysytna Najder-Stefaniak
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Ecological Paradigm ◽  
The Subject

The paper presents the notion of human subjects. The author emphasizes the fact, that the thinking in ecological paradigm demand of own notion of the subject so as to substantiate the notion of responsibility and creative possibility of man. Autor state that in thinking the metaphor of an ecosystem is indispensable the notion of subjectivity fits in with the nation of man.

scholarly journals Ethical implications of procedural or protocol adjustments to clinical research involving the participation of human subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Author(s):  
Anetta Jedličková
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Professionals ◽  
Trial Participants

Abstract The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to essential adjustments in clinical research involving human subjects. The pandemic is substantially affecting most procedures of ongoing, as well as new clinical trials related to diseases other than COVID-19. Procedural changes and study protocol modifications may significantly impact ethically salient fundamentals, such as the risk-benefit profile and safety of clinical trial participants, which raise key ethical challenges the subject-matter experts must face. This article aims to acquaint a wide audience of clinical research professionals, ethicists, as well as the general public interested in this topic with the legal, ethical and practical considerations in the field of clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic and to support the clinical researchers and study sponsors to fulfil their responsibilities in conducting clinical trials in a professional way that does not conflict with any legal or ethical obligations.

Constraint in the Failure Assessment Diagram Approach for Fracture Assessment

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ainsworth ◽  
N. P. O’Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Crack Size ◽  
Structural Constraint ◽  
Failure Assessment Diagram ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
T Stress ◽  
Fracture Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Constraint Effects ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Diagram Approach

This paper presents a framework for including constraint effects in the failure assessment diagram approach for fracture assessment. As parameters for describing constraint are still the subject of development, the framework is illustrated using both the elastic T-stress and the hydrostatic Q-stress. It is shown that constraint effects can be treated by modifying the shape of the failure assessment curve. In their simplest form, the modifications involve only two parameters: one quantifying the magnitude of structural constraint which depends on geometry and crack size; and the second quantifying the influence of constraint on fracture toughness.

Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation test: features of the stimulus

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M Abrams ◽  
Kenneth J Gerhardt ◽  
Douglas S Richards ◽  
Aemil JM Peters
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Loud Sound ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
Contraction Stress ◽  
The Subject

Fetal reactivity to acoustic stimulation is a long-recognized phenomenon. Obstetrical interest in this phenomenon is usually considered to have begun with peiper’s report in 1925 of marked fetal movements following a pulsed, loud sound. Occasional attention to the subject was given in the subsequent five decades. Read and Miller are often credited with writing the first comprehensive clinical study of the usefulness of acoustic stimulation in evaluating fetal health. A clear finding in this study was the correlation between an abnormal contraction stress test and faliure of the fetus to respond to stimulation.

A Smiling Head Complex from Central Veracruz, Mexico

1954 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Alfonso Medellin Zenil ◽  
Frederick A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Village

Various authors in the past have speculated on the epoch and culture to which the so-called “Laughing Faces” belonged. But with only a small number of sporadic finds they have not been able to explain satisfactorily their origin, cultural epoch, symbolism, or typological evolution. There exist, however, some useful works on the subject, such as those by Phillip Drucker, C. W. Weiant, J. L. Melgarejo, Vladimiro Rosado Ojeda, Alfonso Medellin Zenil, and Fredrick Peterson.In the fall of 1952 the antiquity market of Mexico City was suddenly flooded with sculptured pieces of which the “Laughing Faces,” or “Smiling Heads,” formed the chief part. Their source was made known when the Presidente Municipal (Mayor) of the village of Joachin, in the municipality of Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, denounced illegal excavations in his territory. The looting of the archaeological zones had taken place in the small communities of Los Cerros and Dicha Tuerta.

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