scholarly journals Podmiot w paradygmacie relacji ekosystemowej

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Krysytna Najder-Stefaniak
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Ecological Paradigm ◽  
The Subject

The paper presents the notion of human subjects. The author emphasizes the fact, that the thinking in ecological paradigm demand of own notion of the subject so as to substantiate the notion of responsibility and creative possibility of man. Autor state that in thinking the metaphor of an ecosystem is indispensable the notion of subjectivity fits in with the nation of man.

scholarly journals Ethical implications of procedural or protocol adjustments to clinical research involving the participation of human subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Author(s):  
Anetta Jedličková
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Professionals ◽  
Trial Participants

Abstract The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to essential adjustments in clinical research involving human subjects. The pandemic is substantially affecting most procedures of ongoing, as well as new clinical trials related to diseases other than COVID-19. Procedural changes and study protocol modifications may significantly impact ethically salient fundamentals, such as the risk-benefit profile and safety of clinical trial participants, which raise key ethical challenges the subject-matter experts must face. This article aims to acquaint a wide audience of clinical research professionals, ethicists, as well as the general public interested in this topic with the legal, ethical and practical considerations in the field of clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic and to support the clinical researchers and study sponsors to fulfil their responsibilities in conducting clinical trials in a professional way that does not conflict with any legal or ethical obligations.

scholarly journals The implications for qualitative research methodology of the struggle between the individualised subject of phenomenology and the emergent multiplicities of the poststructuralist subject: the problem of agency

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Davies
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Reggio Emilia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Poststructuralist Theory ◽  
The Subject

This paper re-visits the problem of how we re-conceptualize human subjects within poststructuralist research. The turn to poststructuralist theory to inform research in the social sciences is complicated by the difficulty in thinking through what it means to put the subject under erasure. Drawing on a study in a Reggio Emilia inspired preschool in Sweden, and a study of neoliberalism's impact on academic work, this paper opens up thought about poststructuralism's subject. It argues that agency is the province of that subject. 

Modality-Specific Effects on Discrimination of Short Empty Time Intervals

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraga Hocherman ◽  
Gita Ben-Dov
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Empty Time

The ability of human subjects to judge the duration of short empty time intervals was studied in relation to the modality composition of the marker signals. Ac each trial, a pair of empty intervals was presented by a series of three successive stimuli, and the subject was asked to point out the longer interval of the two. Tone pips and flashes of light were used as the bounding signals. All the possible combinations of auditory and visual stimuli were used, in random order, to delimit pairs of intervals. Performance was found modality-independent when the first two stimuli were of the same modality. Strong response biases were introduced by varying the modality of the first or the second stimulus. Analysis of these biases indicates that memorization of the empty time intervals is affected by the modality of the binding signals.

Respiratory-related cortical potentials evoked by inspiratory occlusion in humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Davenport ◽  
W. A. Friedman ◽  
F. J. Thompson ◽  
O. Franzen
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Signal Averaging ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Load Perception

It has long been recognized that humans can perceive respiratory loads. There have been several studies on the detection and psychophysical quantification of mechanical load perception. This investigation was designed to record cortical sensory neurogenic activity related to inspiratory mechanical loading in humans. Inspiration was periodically occluded in human subjects while the electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex was recorded. The onset of inspiratory mouth pressure (Pm) was used to initiate signal averaging of the EEG signals. Cortical evoked potentials elicited by inspiratory occlusions were observed when C3 and C alpha were referenced to CZ. This evoked potential was not observed with the control (unoccluded) breaths. There was considerable subject variability in the peak latencies that was related to the differences in the inspiratory drive, as measured by occlusion pressure (P0.1). The results of this study demonstrate that neurogenic activity can be recorded in the somatosensory region of the cortex that is related to inspiratory occlusions. The peak latencies are longer than analogous somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by stimulation of the hand and foot. It is hypothesized that a portion of this latency difference is related to the time required for the subject to generate sufficient inspiratory force to activate the afferents mediating the cortical response.

Effects of Infrasound on Respiratory Function of Man

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Osamu Okai
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Latent Time ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

It is reported elsewhere that a high-level of infrasound can keep a dog alive without respiratory movement. An investigation was made into the effect of infrasound on the respiratory function of 8 human subjects with ages 21 to 25 years, 2 males and 6 females. After 30 seconds breath holding the oxygen-saturation content measured at the ear exhibited a flat latent prerecovery phase which was followed by a recovery phase. When the subjects were exposed to 100 dB-infrasound at 10 and 20 Hz, the latent time of the flat phase and the total recovery time (from the onset to the end of the recovery phase) were both decreased. At the same time the initial rise of the recovery curve was increased, compared with the control data. The result suggests that a high-level of infrasound can enhance the ventilation function of the respiratory system without any change in the respiratory period on the part of the subject.

Analysis of Evoked and Ongoing Electrical Activity at the Scalp of Human Subjects

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Teas
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Wide Band Noise

Electrical activity at two locations on the scalp (Vertex and Vertex-3 cm, midline) for an experimental design suitable to clinical application, was recorded on magnetic tape. Data from 5 subjects with normal hearing, for 3 testing days, were processed. Average evoked responses to bursts of wide-band noise (30 dB and 50 dB SL) for two conditions (“eyes closed” and “reading”) were computed. The ongoing background activity was processed by computing its interval histogram. The percentage of ongoing activity within the frequency range 1.5 cps to 17 cps was extracted, and the magnitude of the N 1 -P 2 component of average responses was measured. These measures at the two electrode sites were analyzed by calculating analyses of variance for each of the four sets of data. Percentage of low-frequency background activity and N 1 -P 2 magnitude were positively related only for Day 1. A strong habituation effect appeared for Day 2 and Day 3. Habituation reduced differences between the two conditions and also differences between the two signal strengths for the average responses. Maximum N 1 -P 2 magnitude should be recorded for a single test with the subject relaxed and with his “eyes closed.” For repeated testing a discrimination between signals should be required to offset the attenuation of responses by habituation.

scholarly journals Insights on embodiment induced by visuo-tactile stimulation during robotic telepresence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Farizon ◽  
P. F. Dominey ◽  
J. Ventre-Dominey
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
The Subject

AbstractUsing a simple neuroscience-inspired procedure to beam human subjects into robots, we previously demonstrated by visuo-motor manipulations that embodiment into a robot can enhance the acceptability and closeness felt towards the robot. In that study, the feelings of likeability and closeness toward the robot were significantly related to the sense of agency, independently of the sensations of enfacement and location. Here, using the same paradigm we investigated the effect of a purely sensory manipulation on the sense of robotic embodiment associated to social cognition. Wearing a head-mounted display, participants saw the visual scene captured from the robot eyes. By positioning a mirror in front of the robot, subjects saw themselves as a robot. Tactile stimulation was provided by stroking synchronously or not with a paintbrush the same location of the subject and robot faces. In contrast to the previous motor induction of embodiment which particularly affected agency, tactile induction yields more generalized effects on the perception of ownership, location and agency. Interestingly, the links between positive social feelings towards the robot and the strength of the embodiment sensations were not observed. We conclude that the embodiment into a robot is not sufficient in itself to induce changes in social cognition.

scholarly journals The Cosmic & The Corporeal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Cameron Macaulay
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Ontological Question ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Primary Channel

Under the Skin is a film deeply preoccupied with the human experience. Our protagonist is ‘Laura,’ an alien in disguise who stalks Glasgow in search of male prey. We are entirely situated with her throughout — seeing the streets through her eyes, sitting with her in the van during each hunt. Our proximity to her complicates the ontological question beyond a blunt dichotomy of Laura and the human subjects. Rather, it’s a dynamic continuum whereby Laura might glean empathy while ordinary people are estranged. The article argues that audiovision is the primary channel through which entanglements between the cosmic and the corporeal are explored in the film. Through director Jonathan Glazer and composer Mica Levy’s maintaining of the ‘alien lens’ (as well as an alien audition) the subject of humanity is ravelled.

scholarly journals How to Verify Plagiarism of the Paper Written in Macedonian and Translated in Foreign Language?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Spiroski
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Word Document

AIM: The aim of this study was to show how to verify plagiarism of the paper written in Macedonian and translated in foreign language.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Original article “Ethics in Medical Research Involving Human Subjects”, written in Macedonian, was submitted as an assay-2 for the subject Ethics and published by Ilina Stefanovska, PhD candidate from the Iustinianus Primus Faculty of Law, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje (UKIM), Skopje, Republic of Macedonia in Fabruary, 2013. Suspected article for plagiarism was published by Prof. Dr. Gordana Panova from the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delchev, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia in English with the identical title and identical content in International scientific on-line journal "SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES", Publisher "Union of Scientists - Stara Zagora".RESULTS: Original document (written in Macedonian) was translated with Google Translator; suspected article (published in English pdf file) was converted into Word document, and compared both documents with several programs for plagiarism detection. It was found that both documents are identical in 71%, 78% and 82%, respectively, depending on the computer program used for plagiarism detection. It was obvious that original paper was entirely plagiarised by Prof. Dr. Gordana Panova, including six references from the original paper.CONCLUSION: Plagiarism of the original papers written in Macedonian and translated in other languages can be verified after computerised translation in other languages. Later on, original and translated documents can be compared with available software for plagiarism detection.

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