scholarly journals Evaluating targeted aerial spraying for insect control

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
B. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Target Zones ◽  
High Release ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Riparian Strips

The main target zones in early plans for eradicating painted apple moth (PAM) (Teia anartoides) in Auckland New Zealand were narrow riparian strips of vegetation and steep gullies However there were concerns that achieving high levels of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk) deposition in these riparian areas with minimal drift onto residential areas would be difficult This is because with a combination of small droplets and high release heights there would be considerable downwind movement of the spray cloud The concept of targeting riparian strips was evaluated using an aerial spray application simulation model Results indicated that targeted spraying is not a practical proposition at least where small droplets are used and high release heights are required The only solution would be to build larger target areas around the riparian strips For targeted spraying to become a practical proposition techniques must be developed for achieving efficacy using much larger spray droplets

The toxicity of some insecticidal sprays to adult locusts

1962 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. MacCuaig
Keyword(s):  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Tentative Explanation

The toxicities of sprays of some insecticides used against locusts have been determined. The LD50's of γ BHC, diazinon, and dieldrin to both flying and settled adults of Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) were between 0·9 and 1·5 times those of the same formulations when applied as a single drop to the abdomen. The toxicity of these insecticides was not affected by the size of the spray droplets when these ranged from about 60 to 250 µ in diameter. The toxicity of DNC, however, was always less by spray application than when applied by micro-drop syringe and was affected by the droplet diameter (droplets of 100 µ being 1·5 times as toxic as those of 200–230 µ) and by whether the locusts were sprayed in flight or when tethered on a card (those in flight being about 1·6 times as susceptible to 100 µ droplets as those at rest). A tentative explanation of this effect is given.The speed of action of the insecticides was compared and the effects of flight activity on susceptibility to the insecticides when sprayed over the flying insects was examined, but none could be detected by the technique used.

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

Space-time analysis of unhealthy food advertising: New Zealand children’s exposure and health policy options

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-820
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Michelle Barr ◽  
Amber L Pearson ◽  
Tim Chambers ◽  
Karin A Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Density Mapping ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Wearable Cameras ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Abstract Reducing children’s exposure to unhealthy food advertising is an accepted strategy to end childhood obesity. This study aimed to (i) measure children’s space-time exposures to unhealthy food advertising in public outdoor spaces, using GPS and wearable cameras; and (ii) test effectiveness of banning options. We compiled data (collected July 2014—June 2015) on 138 12-year-old children in Wellington, New Zealand, using wearable cameras and GPS devices worn over 4 days. In 2017–18, we linked 59 150 images taken in public outdoor spaces to GPS data. Of these, 1631 contained unhealthy food advertising exposures, defined as ≥50% of an advertisement observed in each image. We examined spatial patterns using kernel density mapping and graphed space-time trends. We interpolated a kriged exposure rate across Wellington to estimate exposure reductions for potential bans. Children were exposed to 7.4 (95% CI 7.0–7.8) unhealthy food advertisements/hour spent in outdoor public spaces. Exposures occurred in shopping centres, residential areas and sports facilities, commonly involving fast food, sugary drinks and ice cream. Peak exposure times were weekend afternoons/evenings and weekdays before/after school. In Wellington, we estimated that banning such advertising within 400 m of playgrounds would yield a 33% reduction in exposure, followed by in residential areas (27%), within 400 m of schools (25%), and 50% for a ban combining all above. This work documents the extent of children’s exposure to unhealthy food advertising and the potential impact of bans. Given the ubiquity of advertising in public spaces, this New Zealand research offers innovative methods and findings likely relevant in other jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Use of the sterile insect technique in New Zealand Benefits and constraints

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Horner ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
D.J. Rogers ◽  
P.L. Lo ◽  
D.M. Suckling
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Pest Suppression ◽  
Complementary Strategy ◽  
Community Commitment

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly being evaluated as a potential complementary strategy for pest suppression or elimination New Zealands export fruit sector has an imperative to meet strict international phytosanitary requirements together with increasing market demand for residuefree produce SIT is a pestspecific method of insect control that can complement current Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies Successful SIT presents significant challenges the target pest must be a good candidate for suppression and strong stakeholder and community commitment is required to achieve and maintain suppression until areawide elimination is achieved Emerging sterilisation technologies and refinement of existing methods are making this technology progressively more efficient and costeffective This study reviewed the advantages of including SIT in an IPM programme and described the first use of codling moth SIT in New Zealand A pilot programme is currently underway to evaluate its potential to achieve local elimination of codling moth in Central Hawkes Bay apple orchards

scholarly journals Spray deposit variability in New Zealand winegrape canopies and implications for agrichemical application practices

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W.L. Manktelow ◽  
J-P. Praat
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Deposit ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction of new grape sprayers and vineyard planting systems in New Zealand has led to uncertainty over agrichemical application rate requirements in different canopies A 1998 survey of spray application practices on 15 Hawkes Bay vineyards found up to a sixfold difference between vineyards in the rates of sulphur fungicides applied to fully developed canopies Followup work in 199900 found that twofold withincanopy spray deposit variations were common Earlier work indicated that deposits on upper surfaces of leaves can be up to three times greater than on lower surfaces Methods for reducing deposit variations and for more precise definition of agrichemical application rate requirements are discussed

Vapor Movement of Aminocyclopyrachlor, Aminopyralid, and Dicamba in the Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Strachan ◽  
Nancy M. Ferry ◽  
Tracy L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Treatment Zone ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Enclosed Chamber

Vapor movement of synthetic auxin herbicides can injure desirable plants outside the treatment zone. Vapor movement of the synthetic auxin herbicides aminocyclopyrachlor and aminocyclopyrachlor methyl was compared with that of the relatively volatile herbicide dicamba and the low volatile herbicide aminopyralid with a soybean bioassay under greenhouse and field conditions. Soybean is very sensitive to these active ingredients. Under greenhouse conditions, 82 (61 to 104) mg ae ha−1of aminocyclopyrachlor, 26 (18 to 33) mg ae ha−1of aminocyclopyrachlor methyl, 82 (69 to 95) mg ae ha−1of aminopyralid, and 61 (47 to 75) mg ae ha−1of dicamba produced an estimated 25% visual soybean phytotoxicity response when soybean was treated POST at the V3 growth stage (GR25[95% confidence interval]). In field studies, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor methyl, and aminopyralid were applied at 70 g ae ha−1and dicamba was applied at 560 g ae ha−1(labeled application rates) to soybean at the V3 growth stage. All herbicides were applied within an enclosed chamber (3 m by 3 m by 1 m) to mitigate movement of spray droplets. The enclosures were removed shortly after spray application and soybean response immediately surrounding the treated area was recorded in each of eight directions approximately 10 d after treatment. On the basis of bioassay responses, relative amount of vapor movement was dicamba > aminocyclopyrachlor methyl > aminopyralid ≈ aminocyclopyrachlor. Vapor movement of aminocyclopyrachlor was very low indicating that the risk of phytotoxic response of sensitive plants due to volatility of aminocyclopyrachlor is negligible.

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