scholarly journals Development of biologicallybased products for control of Botrytis in wine grapes

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 397-397
Author(s):  
P.A.G. Elmer ◽  
F.J. Parry ◽  
T. Reglinski
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Bunch Rot

Bunch rot of grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea is responsible for crop losses exceeding 30 under favourable disease conditions The potential for greater losses exists due to a marketdriven industrywide shift towards nil pesticide residues spray programmes Plant Food Research is developing nil residue biological and natural products in partnership with New Zealand Winegrowers Technology New Zealand the Foundation for Research Science and Technology and BotryZen Limited The biological product BOTRYZen based upon Ulocladium oudemansii (Patent PCT/NZ01/00111) is applied early season for control of Botrytis and ARMOURZen a chitosanbased natural product formulation is applied mid and late season and complements BOTRYZen Two developmental products NP2 (PCT/NZ2005/000167) and BCAL1 have provided excellent control of Botrytis during mid to late season NP2 is a plantbased natural product suitable for use mid season while BCAL1 colonises the berry surface thereby preventing Botrytis infection preharvest These field trial results demonstrate that nil residue full season biological control of Botrytis is achievable with crop losses being similar to those under current fungicidebased spray programmes

Opportunities for developing value-added brassica seed

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Van De Jong ◽  
B.E. Braithwaite ◽  
T.L. Roush ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
J.G. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Crop Losses

New Zealand produces approximately 5,500 tonnes of brassica seed per year, two thirds of which, valued at $13M, is exported. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a common disease of brassicas, and while crop losses are not extensive in New Zealand, internationally total crop losses have been reported. Seeds are the primary source of inoculum and the ease with which this inoculum spreads means that even small traces can cause severe epidemics. Genetic resistance to black rot is a complex trait which makes breeding for resistance in brassicas challenging. The effectiveness of chemical and cultural practices is variable. Biological control with natural antagonistic microbes may provide a more effective means of controlling black rot and other pests and diseases, and create opportunities for increasing the export value of brassica seed. Current cultural practices and the potential for biological control for the management of black rot are reviewed. Keywords: biocontrol, Brassicaceae, crucifer

scholarly journals Potato cultivars vary in susceptibility to blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp atroseptica)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 403-403
Author(s):  
P.J. Wright ◽  
J.A.D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

Ten potato cultivars were tested for susceptibility to infection by Erwinia carotovora subsp atroseptica (Eca) the causal agent of blackleg over two maincrop seasons in 200506 and 200607 The pathogen was inoculated into seed tubers using toothpicks charged with undiluted bacterial growth Blackleg incidence was assessed 56 weeks after planting The field experiments clearly confirmed that potato cultivars vary significantly in susceptibility to blackleg Some New Zealand cultivars had a lower susceptibility to blackleg than current commercial cultivars The new Plant Food Research release Summer Delight in particular had an exceptional level of resistance and will be used as a parent in efforts to develop potato cultivars with lower blackleg susceptibility than current local commercial cultivars Routine screening of Plant Food Research breeding lines and cultivars will continue to be carried out over several seasons to confirm results presented here and to determine further blacklegresistant germplasm

scholarly journals A Monte Carlo simulation for bioprospecting the endemic New Zealand terrestrial flora for antibiotic drug leads

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Buenz
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Model System ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Full Time Equivalent ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Natural Product Library

Natural product libraries are important tools for drug discovery. However, until now, there has not been a system to allow projections of the potential number of hits from creating these libraries. The objective of this study was to develop a stochastic model system that predicts the number of hits from creating a natural product library. A Monte Carlo simulation was developed with data from the peer-reviewed literature. Using types of endemic New Zealand terrestrial flora as examples, the number of antibacterial hits expected from creating natural product libraries were calculated. The model predicts the following bounds for the 90% range of validated antibiotic leads for the categories of the terrestrial endemic flora of New Zealand with a right skewed distribution: [grasses: 1.43-6.50; liverworts: 2.75-12.5; fungi: 45.2-207; mosses: 0.98-4.48; vascular plants: 21.4-97.8]. Furthermore, per full-time equivalent (FTE) person employed on the project, a mean of 1.31 hits (90% range 0.48-2.42) is expected. This model system allows the number of expected hits to be calculated when developing a natural product library for a therapeutic target. There is an opportunity to create a natural product library from New Zealand endemic terrestrial flora. This model is scalable to other geographic areas as well as to other therapeutic targets and screening systems.

Bioboard

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
World Class ◽  
Research Consortium

AUSTRALIA – World-Class Cancer Center to be Built in Parkville. AUSTRALIA – Cure Found for Devastating Muscle Disease. AUSTRALIA – HIV Test to Help Monitor Sufferers. AUSTRALIA – Radium Weed Weeds Out Sun Spots, Skin Cancer. AUSTRALIA – Kava Safe and Effective in Reducing Anxiety. CHINA – CAS Develops New Salt-tolerant Wheat. CHINA – Search for Passengers on Flights with Flu Case. HONG KONG – Hong Kong Confirms Asia's 1st Swine Flu Case. INDIA – Indian Healthcare Market to Grow Despite Slowdown. INDIA – WHO Lifts Vaccine Embargo on India. JAPAN – Scientists Create World's First Transgenic Monkeys. JAPAN – Japan Swine Flu Cases Surge. NEW ZEALAND – New Frontiers in Gene Behavior. NEW ZEALAND – Innovative Pet Food Research Consortium Launched. SINGAPORE – 50 Receive Healthcare Humanity Awards. SINGAPORE – No-Go for Swine Flu Parties. SINGAPORE – Asia's First Combined Heart and Liver Transplant. SINGAPORE – Singapore to Host Conference on Tobacco or Health. SINGAPORE – Diabetes Hits Asia's Youth. SOUTH KOREA – $14.6 mn for Fight Against New Flu. TAIWAN – Flu Vaccine to be Available by End of Year. TAIWAN – Mutation in Gene allows Cancer to Spread. TAIWAN – Scientists Find Ways to Improve Cancer Drugs. TAIWAN – Team Makes Discovery in Search for New Antibiotic. TAIWAN – Taiwan Tags Sixteen Countries with Yellow Travel Alert Over Flu. TAIWAN – Team Makes Breakthrough in Therapy for Childhood Cancer. THAILAND – Thailand Tries to Become Starch-Production Hub. THAILAND – Thailand and Taiwan to Begin Biotech Cooperation Plan. VIETNAM – US gives Vietnam Protective Bird Flu Equipment. OTHER REGIONS — UNITED STATES – Over 52's May Be Better Protected.

scholarly journals First Report of Narcissus degeneration virus, Narcissus late season yellows virus, and Narcissus symptomless virus on Narcissus in New Zealand

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 964-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Ward ◽  
S. Veerakone ◽  
J. Tang ◽  
G. R. G. Clover
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Blastn Analysis ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Yellow Stripe

In September 2008, Narcissus plants originating from commercial nurseries in Taranaki (TK) in New Zealand's North Island and Canterbury (CB) in the South Island were received showing leaf mottling, flower distortion, and color break. The CB plant also showed stunting. Filamentous virus particles (700 to 900 nm long) were seen in crude sap of both plants with a transmission electron microscope. Total RNA was isolated from the leaves of both plants with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Chatsworth, CA), and cDNA was synthesized by Superscript III (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). cDNA was used in PCR to test for viruses in the following genera: Allexivirus, Carlavirus, Cucumovirus, Nepovirus A and B, Potyvirus, Potexvirus, Tospovirus, and Tobravirus. Both plants tested positive for potyvirus using generic potyvirus primers (3). Amplicons from both plants were directly sequenced. The forward and reverse sequence from the CB plant matched sequences in the GenBank database for Narcissus late season yellows virus (NLSYV) and Narcissus degeneration virus (NDV), respectively. The potyvirus amplicon from the CB plant was cloned and sequenced. Sequence from independent clones was obtained for NLYSV only (No. FJ546721), and this sequence showed 97% nucleotide identity to NLYSV No. EU887015. The CB plant was tested with a second set of generic potyvirus primers using forward (PV1SP6) (2) and reverse primers (U335) (1). BLASTN analysis of the sequence obtained from independent clones (No. FJ543718) matched sequence for NDV only (97% nucleotide identity to No. AM182028). BLASTN analysis of the potyvirus obtained for the TK plant (No. FJ546720) showed 97% nucleotide identity to NLSYV (No. EU887015). The TK plant also tested positive for a carlavirus using commercial primers (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) and unpublished generic carlavirus primers (A. Blowers, personal communication). Amplicons from both PCRs were cloned and sequenced. BLASTN analysis of both sequences (Nos. FJ546719 and GQ205442) showed 94% nucleotide identity to Narcissus symptomless virus (NSV) No. AM182569. Both plants were also tested for NLSYV, Narcissus virus Q, Narcissus latent virus, and Narcissus yellow stripe virus by indirect ELISA (Neogen, Lansing, MI). Results confirmed the presence of NLSYV in both plants but the plants were negative for the other viruses. NLSYV has been detected previously from Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. (daffodil) (D. Hunter, personal communication); however, to our knowledge, this is the first official report of NDV, NLSYV, and NSV in New Zealand. Since both plants tested negative for several other viruses by PCR and ELISA, this would suggest that the symptoms observed may have been caused by NSV, NLSYV, NDV, or as a result of a mixed infection. However, symptoms were not confirmed using Koch's postulate. NSV has been reported in the literature as symptomless. NLYSV has been reported to be a possible cause of leaf chlorosis and striping and NDV has been associated with chlorotic leaf striping in N. tazetta plants (4). Since Narcissus is an important flower crop for domestic production in New Zealand, the reduction in flower quality observed when these viruses are present may be of economic significance in commercial nurseries. References: (1) S. A. Langeveld et al. J. Gen. Virol. 72:1531, 1991. (2) A. M. Mackenzie et al. Arch Virol. 143:903, 1998. (3) V. Marie-Jeanne et al. J. Phytopathol. 148:141, 2000. (4) W. P. Mowat et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 113:531, 1988.

scholarly journals Costatone C—A new halogenated monoterpene from the New Zealand red alga plocamium angustum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Bracegirdle ◽  
Z Sohail ◽  
Michael Fairhurst ◽  
Monica Gerth ◽  
Giuseppe Zuccarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Product Distributions ◽  
Halogenated Monoterpenes ◽  
The Absolute

© 2019 by the authors Red algae of the genus Plocamium have been a rich source of halogenated monoterpenes. Herein, a new cyclic monoterpene, costatone C (7), was isolated from the extract of P. angustum collected in New Zealand, along with the previously reported (1E,5Z)-1,6-dichloro-2-methylhepta-1,5-dien-3-ol (8). Elucidation of the planar structure of 7 was achieved through conventional NMR and (−)-HR-APCI-MS techniques, and the absolute configuration by comparison of experimental and DFT-calculated ECD spectra. The absolute configuration of 8 was determined using Mosher’s method. Compound 7 showed mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. The state of Plocamium taxonomy and its implications upon natural product distributions, especially across samples from specimens collected in different countries, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Costatone C—A New Halogenated Monoterpene from the New Zealand Red Alga Plocamium angustum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Bracegirdle ◽  
Zaineb Sohail ◽  
Michael J. Fairhurst ◽  
Monica L. Gerth ◽  
Giuseppe C. Zuccarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Product Distributions ◽  
Halogenated Monoterpenes ◽  
The Absolute

Red algae of the genus Plocamium have been a rich source of halogenated monoterpenes. Herein, a new cyclic monoterpene, costatone C (7), was isolated from the extract of P. angustum collected in New Zealand, along with the previously reported (1E,5Z)-1,6-dichloro-2-methylhepta-1,5-dien-3-ol (8). Elucidation of the planar structure of 7 was achieved through conventional NMR and (−)-HR-APCI-MS techniques, and the absolute configuration by comparison of experimental and DFT-calculated ECD spectra. The absolute configuration of 8 was determined using Mosher’s method. Compound 7 showed mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. The state of Plocamium taxonomy and its implications upon natural product distributions, especially across samples from specimens collected in different countries, is also discussed.

scholarly journals C–H Insertion Reactions of Donor/Donor Carbenes: Inception, Investigation, and Insights

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (09) ◽  
pp. 838-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared T. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Natural Product Synthesis ◽  
Insertion Reactions ◽  
Excellent Control

Insertion reactions of donor/donor carbenes have emerged from obscurity to become a versatile method for the synthesis of a variety of cyclic structures with excellent control of diastereo- and enantio­selectivity. This Account describes the origin of this project as part of a natural product synthesis and the ensuing decade of reaction development that has resulted in new asymmetric methods as well as intriguing tangential observations.

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