Opportunities for developing value-added brassica seed

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Van De Jong ◽  
B.E. Braithwaite ◽  
T.L. Roush ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
J.G. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Crop Losses

New Zealand produces approximately 5,500 tonnes of brassica seed per year, two thirds of which, valued at $13M, is exported. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a common disease of brassicas, and while crop losses are not extensive in New Zealand, internationally total crop losses have been reported. Seeds are the primary source of inoculum and the ease with which this inoculum spreads means that even small traces can cause severe epidemics. Genetic resistance to black rot is a complex trait which makes breeding for resistance in brassicas challenging. The effectiveness of chemical and cultural practices is variable. Biological control with natural antagonistic microbes may provide a more effective means of controlling black rot and other pests and diseases, and create opportunities for increasing the export value of brassica seed. Current cultural practices and the potential for biological control for the management of black rot are reviewed. Keywords: biocontrol, Brassicaceae, crucifer

scholarly journals Xanthomonas campestris biocontrol agent: Selection, medium formulation and bioprocess kinetic analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Grahovac ◽  
Ivana Pajcin ◽  
Vanja Vlajkov ◽  
Zorana Roncevic ◽  
Jelena Dodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Validation Experiment

Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, is one of the most important diseases of cruciferous crops which causes significant yield losses. Biological control of black rot by microbial biocontrol agents represents a promising alternative to chemical treatments and good agricultural practices which show only limited success. This study was carried out to assess a potential of different antagonists, including genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, Saccharomyces and Trichoderma, for biological control of black rot. Cultivation broth samples and their filtrates were examined against seven Xanthomonas campestris strains, isolated from diseased cruciferous plants, using the diffusion-disc method. Bacillus velezensis has showed the highest inhibition zone diameter of 35.62?3.76 mm. Afterwards different combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources were used in cultivation medium to maximize antagonistic activity of Bacillus velezensis. The best combinations were glycerol and yeast extract, lactose and peptone, as well as sucrose and yeast extract, suggesting the potential of biodiesel, dairy and sugar industry effluents in the production of bioactive compounds effective against the black rot pathogen. Validation experiment was performed in a laboratory-scale bioreactor, in order to investigate bioprocess kinetics of biomass growth and carbon source consumption, using cultivation medium containing the optimal carbon and nitrogen source.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (black rot).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Nieves Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris

Abstract Black rot is considered the most important worldwide disease of crucifers. The disease is known to exist in the cool coastal climates of northern Europe and North America but was seldom a problem there until the 1990s. Its potential for crop damage is also considered low in New Zealand, and parts of Australia. In many regions of Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia (Kazakhstan), China, tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and South America where brassicas are common and cultivated without crop rotation, black rot is always present. Seed production in those regions is commonly associated with high levels of seedborne Xcc (Williams, 1980). Even minor, visually undetectable development of black rot may considerably increase damage to plants by soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas spp. and other opportunistic pathogens (Djalilov et al., 1989).

Biological Control of Black Rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) of Cabbage in Tanzania with Bacillus strains

2004 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. S. Massomo ◽  
C. N. Mortensen ◽  
R. B. Mabagala ◽  
M.-A. Newman ◽  
J. Hockenhull
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris ◽  
Bacillus Strains

scholarly journals The biocontrol information resource for ERMA New Zealand applicants (BIREA) an evaluation

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
T.D. White ◽  
J.M. Kean ◽  
B.I.P. Barratt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Education ◽  
General Public ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Information Resource ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Applications

An evaluation of the Biocontrol Information Resource for ERMA New Zealand Applicants (BIREA http//wwwb3nzorg/birea) website was undertaken BIREA aims to assist applicants to ERMA New Zealand wishing to introduce biocontrol agents to New Zealand to submit a welldeveloped and informed application The website also has potential for educating overseas biocontrol practitioners and the general public on biological control safety ERMA New Zealand had received no new applications for import or release of biocontrol agents since the website went live in April 2007 so BIREA was evaluated by interviewing past applicants and key stakeholders In addition potential users of the site were surveyed and an analysis of internet visitors to the website was undertaken Overall BIREA was highly rated and was thought to be a useful tool by past applicants and stakeholders However for BIREA to become an effective means of public education adjustments to make the site public friendly would be required BIREA was accessed approximately hourly by a wide range of visitors from at least 55 countries

The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874: the first use of a ladybird for biological control, or a spurious record created by cumulative misreporting?

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Galbreath ◽  
P. J. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Entomological Society ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Coccinella Undecimpunctata

The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874 has been widely quoted as the first importation of an insect for biological control in New Zealand and one of the first anywhere. However, searches of historical records show no evidence that such an introduction was made or attempted. Instead, there is clear evidence that the presently accepted record arose by a process of cumulative misreporting. An account of discussions in the Entomological Society of London in December 1873 about possible introductions of various beneficial insects to New Zealand was misreported by the American entomologist C. V. Riley, and several subsequent authors restated his version with further modifications and additions. This created the record of the introduction of C. undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874 that has been accepted and repeated ever since.

Cytisine as an alternative smoking cessation product for Pacific smokers in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Vili Nosa ◽  
Kotalo Leau ◽  
Natalie Walker
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
The Pacific

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pacific people in New Zealand have one of the highest rates of smoking.  Cytisine is a plant-based alkaloid that has proven efficacy, effectiveness and safety compared to a placebo and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation.  Cytisine, like varenicline, is a partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and blocks the rewarding effects of nicotine. Cytisine is naturally found in some plants in the Pacific region, and so may appeal to Pacific smokers wanting to quit. This paper investigates the acceptability of cytisine as a smoking cessation product for Pacific smokers in New Zealand, using a qualitative study design. Methods: In December 2015, advertisements and snowball sampling was used to recruit four Pacific smokers and three Pacific smoking cessation specialists in Auckland, New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews where undertaken, whereby participants were asked about motivations to quit and their views on smoking cessation products, including cytisine (which is currently unavailable in New Zealand). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, with thematic analysis conducted manually. Findings: Pacific smokers reported wanting to quit for loved ones and family, but did not find currently available smoking cessation products effective. Almost all participants had not previously heard of cytisine, but many of the Pacific smokers were keen to try it. Participants identified with cytisine on a cultural basis (given its natural status), but noted that their use would be determined by the efficacy of the medicine, its cost, side-effects, and accessibility. They were particularly interested in cytisine being made available in liquid form, which could be added to a “smoothie” or drunk as a “traditional tea”.  Participants thought cytisine should be promoted in a culturally-appropriate way, with packaging and advertising designed to appeal to Pacific smokers. Conclusions: Cytisine is more acceptable to Pacific smokers than other smoking cessation products, because of their cultural practices of traditional medicine and the natural product status of cytisine.

scholarly journals Genomic insights advance the fight against black rot of crucifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Zoë E. Dubrow ◽  
Adam J. Bogdanove
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World

AbstractXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot of crucifers, was one of the first bacterial plant pathogens ever identified. Over 130 years later, black rot remains a threat to cabbage, cauliflower, and other Brassica crops around the world. Recent genomic and genetic data are informing our understanding of X. campestris taxonomy, dissemination, inoculum sources, and virulence factors. This new knowledge promises to positively impact resistance breeding of Brassica varieties and management of inoculum sources.

Improved control of black rot of broccoli caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris using a bacteriophage and a nonpathogenic Xanthomonas sp. strain

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Nagai ◽  
Noriyuki Miyake ◽  
Shinro Kato ◽  
Daisuke Maekawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris
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