scholarly journals Rearing of chelifers for potential biocontrol of varroa mites

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
S. Read ◽  
B.G. Howlett ◽  
B.J. Donovan ◽  
W.R. Nelson ◽  
R.F. Van_Toor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Varroa Mites

Honeybee colonies infested with the varroa mite (Varroa destructor) usually collapse unless they have been treated with acaracides Resistance to the most commonly used acaracides is increasing and no biological control options are yet available Chelifers (pseudoscorpions) are generalist predators and may have potential as a biological control agent This poster describes an attempt to establish breeding populations of native chelifers which have been shown to actively feed on varroa with the ultimate aim of testing their ability as a biological control of varroa Two species of chelifers (Nesochernes gracilis and Heterochernes novaezealandiae) collected from honeybee hives and in leaf litter near apiaries at Katikati (Bay of Plenty) are being maintained in the laboratory They are surviving on a variety of different food sources such as Drosophila sp larvae (fruit fly) aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and moth larvae (Helicoverpa armigera Spodoptera litura and Plodia interpunctella) With little known about raising these chelifers in captivity their diet preferences and feeding periods are being obtained as a first step to obtaining the basic information necessary for potential commercial propagation of chelifers for varroa control in honeybee hives

Psyttalia lounsburyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), potential biological control agent for the olive fruit fly in California

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent M. Daane ◽  
Karen R. Sime ◽  
Xin-geng Wang ◽  
Hannah Nadel ◽  
Marshall W. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit

scholarly journals Jekyll or Hyde? The genome (and more) of Nesidiocoris tenuis, a zoophytophagous predatory bug that is both a biological control agent and a pest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Ferguson ◽  
S. Visser ◽  
M. Dalíková ◽  
I. Provazníková ◽  
A. Urbaneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Sequencing Strategy

AbstractNesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) is an efficient predatory biological control agent used throughout the Mediterranean Basin in tomato crops but regarded as a pest in northern European countries. Belonging to the family Miridae, it is an economically important insect yet very little is known in terms of genetic information – no published genome, population studies, or RNA transcripts. It is a relatively small and long-lived diploid insect, characteristics that complicate genome sequencing. Here, we circumvent these issues by using a linked-read sequencing strategy on a single female N. tenuis. From this, we assembled the 355 Mbp genome and delivered an ab initio, homology-based, and evidence-based annotation. Along the way, the bacterial “contamination” was removed from the assembly, which also revealed potential symbionts. Additionally, bacterial lateral gene transfer (LGT) candidates were detected in the N. tenuis genome. The complete gene set is composed of 24,688 genes; the associated proteins were compared to other hemipterans (Cimex lectularis, Halyomorpha halys, and Acyrthosiphon pisum), resulting in an initial assessment of unique and shared protein clusters. We visualised the genome using various cytogenetic techniques, such as karyotyping, CGH and GISH, indicating a karyotype of 2n=32 with a male-heterogametic XX/XY system. Additional analyses include the localization of 18S rDNA and unique satellite probes via FISH techniques. Finally, population genomics via pooled sequencing further showed the utility of this genome. This is one of the first mirid genomes to be released and the first of a mirid biological control agent, representing a step forward in integrating genome sequencing strategies with biological control research.

Evaluation ofFopius arisanusas a biological control agent for the olive fruit fly in California

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Sime ◽  
K. M. Daane ◽  
X. G. Wang ◽  
M. W. Johnson ◽  
R. H. Messing
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Olive Fruit

scholarly journals Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on host choice of the bee-parasitic mite Varroa destructor

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Lara Reinbacher ◽  
María Celeste Fernández-Ferrari ◽  
Sergio Angeli ◽  
Peter Schausberger
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Host Selection Behavior ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
Parasitic Mite

The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor poses one of the biggest threats to the western honeybee Apis mellifera. Possibilities to control the mites are limited; therefore, it is important to assess the performance of novel alternatives like the use of biological control agents. The goal of our work was to evaluate the effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae BIPESCO 5, which is a potential biological control agent against the bee parasitic mite V. destructor, on the behavior of the parasite. In detail, we investigated whether the presence of fungal spores on the surface of host nurse bees, A. mellifera, affects the host choice behavior of adult female mites. We conducted two behavioral assays to monitor the behavior of the mites towards adult bees inoculated with a solution of fungal spores. Both choice and no-choice experiment revealed that M. anisopliae has a significant repellent influence on V. destructor‘s host selection behavior. The mites preferred, and stayed longer on, nurse bees free from fungal spores over bees carrying fungal spores. Our study provides the first evidence of sub-lethal behavioral effects of a fungal biocontrol agent against Varroa mites.

scholarly journals CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DA MOSCA-DO-MEDITERRÂNEO Ceratitis capitata UTILIZANDO NEMATOIDES ENTOMOPATOGÊNICOS EM LABORATÓRIO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Santos de MINAS ◽  
Claudia DOLINSKI ◽  
Rômulo da Silva CARVALHO ◽  
Ricardo Moreira de SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Feasible Alternative

O presente trabalho avaliou em laboratório, a utilização de diferentes linhagens de nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) individualmente e combinadas visando ao controle biológico da mosca-do-Mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). No primeiro bioensaio foram utilizadas oito linhagens individualizadas de NEPs (Steinernema carpocapsae NCALL, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88, H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP1, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP9, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12) sendo que para cada tratamento foram utilizados 20 tubos de ensaio cada um contendo areia,10 larvas L3 de C. capitata e 100 juvenis infectantes (JIs) diluídos em 1 cm3 de água destilada. No tratamento controle foi adicionado 1 cm3 de água destilada. No segundo bioensaio, foram utilizadas cinco larvas de C. capitata e as linhagens de nematoides foram combinadas duas a duas num total de 100 juvenis por repetição (50 JIs de cada linhagem) Os bioensaios foram conduzidos a 28 ºC, 80% UR e 12 de fotoperíodo. A mortalidade média das larvas foi avaliada pelo teste de Tukey a 1%. Individualmente as linhagens H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12 foram as mais eficientes e causaram mortalidade entre 75 e 98,5%. As combinações mais eficientes foram H. indica LPP14 + H. sp. LPP9 e H. sp. LPP17 + H. sp. LPP12 com mortalidade de larvas L3 de 60 e 82%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que tanto separadamente ou em combinação, algumas linhagens de NEPs podem ser usadas no controle biológico de C. capitata, sendo que quando usadas separadamente, a eficiência é maior. ABSTRACT The present study investigated under laboratory conditions the use of entomopathogenic nematodes strains separately or in combinations, as biological control agent of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). In the first bioassay, eight strains were used separately (Steinernema carpocapsae NCALL, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88, H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP1, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP9, H. sp. LPP17 e H. sp. LPP12). For each treatment, 20 test tubes with sand, 10 larvae of C. capitata and 100 infective juveniles (IJs) diluted in 1 cm3 of distilled water were used. In the treatment control only 1 cm3 of distilled water was added. In the second bioassay it was used the same material; however, the number of C. capitata larvae was reduced to five and strains of nematodes combined in pairs, in a total of 100 IJs per replicate (50 individuals of each strain). All treatments were stored in an incubator for 15 days (28 ºC, 80% RU and 12 h photoperiod). The average mortality of larvae L3 was evaluated by Tukey test at 1%. The strains H. baujardi LPP7, H. indica LPP14, H. sp. LPP17 and H. sp. LPP12 were the most efficient ones, reaching mortalities range between 75 and 98.5%. In the second experiment, the most effective combinations were H. indica LPP14 + H. sp. LPP9 and H. sp. LPP17 + H. sp. LPP12 with mortality of 60 and 82%, respectively. We concluded that the use of NEPs in the biological control of C. capitata is a feasible alternative either using species separated or in combination, but the first one may reach higher mortality.

scholarly journals Virulence of four entomopathogenic nematode against different stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mürşide Yağcı ◽  
Tuğba Akdeniz Fırat ◽  
F. Dolunay Erdoğuş ◽  
Müge Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract Background Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Mediterranean fruit fly), is one of the important polyphagous pest species in the world that harms almost all fruits causing significant yields losses. Control of this pest which is on the quarantine list of many countries is highly important. Due to the negative effects of chemical control on the environment and human health, biological control approaches have gained importance. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a potential biological control agent that can be used for effectively controlling the Medfly. Results In this study, effects of four EPNs species on larvae, pupae and adults of Medfly were investigated under laboratory conditions. Four different concentrations of EPNs species were used against each stage of the pest. It pest showed different sensitivity to different concentrations of each of the tested EPNs. High mortality rate of 94% was caused by Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (11 KG),, followed by H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) with 91%, Steinernema carpocapsae (85%) and S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) with 71% at highest concentration (200 IJ/larvae. The highest effect on adult mortality (100%) was recorded by the species S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) at the highest concentration (200 IJ/adult) in the trials, followed by H. bacteriophora (11 KG) with 92%, H. bacteriophora (TOK-20) with 91% and S. carpocapsae (Tokat-Bakışlı05) with 87.37% mortality rates at the same concentrations. Conclusions It was determined that the EPNs tested in this study had insecticidal properties and they might be used in biological control programs against the Medfly.

scholarly journals Watermelon-infesting Tephritidae fruit fly guild and parasitism by Psyttalia phaeostigma (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Babatoundé Ferdinand Rodolphe Layodé ◽  
Alexis Onzo ◽  
Miriam Frida Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Wasp Species

AbstractAn ecological guild of Tephritidae fruit flies exploits cucurbit vegetable fruits, tremendously reducing their production worldwide. Knowledge of the composition of the guild of infesting flies in the field and information on their natural enemy species, might improve pest management strategies. Our aim was therefore to identify Tephritidae species infesting the watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai in the Republic of Benin. Morphological and molecular identification of parasitoid species present in the field collections was also done. Infested watermelons were sampled in one of the main watermelon-production areas in the country. Adult tephritid flies emerging from watermelons were identified as Dacus bivittatus (Bigot), D. ciliatus Loew, D. punctatifrons Karsch, D. vertebratus Bezzi, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillet), and Ceratitis cosyra (Walker). In this study period, D. vertebratus was consistently the most abundant species emerging from watermelon. Dacus ciliatus was the second most common species followed by Z. cucurbitae. The number of emerging fruit flies per kilogram of watermelon varied with collection date and month, and was most variable for D. vertebratus. Parasitism in the fruit flies was 1.6 ± 6.4% and occurred through one wasp species that was identified as Psyttalia phaeostigma Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). This solitary parasitoid is closely related to other members of the P. concolor species complex, some of which are used in biological control. Problems associated with identifying Psyttalia species and possibility of using this wasp as a biological control agent against tephritid flies were discussed.

Identity and biology of Aganaspis daci (Weld) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), recently introduced to Egypt for biological control of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. El-Heneidy ◽  
Marwa E. Hosni ◽  
Mohsen M. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
North Sinai

The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841), (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious polyphagous pest of tropical and subtropical fruits. In Egypt, the fly was first detected in 1997 and has since become widespread over most of the Egyptian provinces, causing serious damage to many fruit crops, particularly mango, guava, peach, apricot and citrus. In 2008, the larval-pupal koinobiont endoparasitoid, Aganaspis daci (Weld, 1951) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae, Eucoilinae) was introduced to Egypt via Hawaii for evaluation. The parasitoid is a dominant natural enemy of several Bactrocera species from Southeast Asia, the native region of B. zonata. To evaluate the potential of A. daci for biocontrol of B. zonata, this study investigated distinguishing features of A. daci in different stages, developmental periods, reproductive output, and optimal rearing protocols under laboratory conditions of 25 ± 1°C, 54 – 65% RH, and 14L:10D photoperiod, using B. zonata as hosts. The parasitoid Aganaspis daci went through four instars and developed into the ectoparasitic phase late in the third instar, as the larva developed one pair of functional thoracic spiracles. Total developmental period averaged 23.3 days, and males eclosed two days earlier than females. Realized fecundity of mated females averaged 39.6 offspring per female (range 32 – 55) and progeny sex ratio was 1:1. Longevity of honey fed females and males averaged 18.8 and 17.3 days, respectively. A. daci showed relative potential as a biological control agent against B. zonata in Egypt and was propagated for several generations before it was approved for release in 2009. Field recovery was reported one month following its liberation in guava orchard at Al-Arish district, North Sinai Province, with 1.6 – 8% initial rate of parasitism. Further studies, on its adaptation to the new Egyptian environment and efficacy against B. zonata under field conditions are in progress. This study provides important baseline information on the morphological and biological attributes of A. daci and the rearing method provides a basis for the development of a mass rearing protocol for augmentative parasitoid releases.

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