scholarly journals A survey of Maori potato (taewa) seed tubers for the presence of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
A.J. Puketapu ◽  
R. Gardner-Gee ◽  
L.K. Tooman ◽  
S.S. Beard
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Greenhouse Trial ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Potato Yields

Taewa (Solanum tuberosum L) production is threatened by a new insect pest the tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc) and the bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso)) vectored by the psyllid Lso is known to reduce potato yields and can infect seed tubers but less is known for taewa specifically In this study tubers from 17 taewa lines were tested for Lso using a qPCR assay grown in a greenhouse and assessed for symptoms of tuberborne Lso Lso was detected by qPCR in three tubers The Lsopositive tubers were from three lines from two North Island seed sources; no Lso was detected in the seven South Island lines tested In the greenhouse trial two of the three Lsopositive tubers emerged and one grew normally The greenhouse trial detected disease symptoms associated with Lso in several other lines but other potato viruses and diseases cause similar symptoms and this area needs further study

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Physalis longifolia (Solanales: Solanaceae) to Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2595-2603
Author(s):  
Cesar A Reyes Corral ◽  
W Rodney Cooper ◽  
David R Horton ◽  
Alexander V Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Major Pest

Abstract The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), is a major pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; Solanales: Solanaceae) as a vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the pathogen that causes zebra chip. Management of zebra chip is challenging in part because the noncrop sources of Liberibacter-infected psyllids arriving in potato remain unknown. Adding to this challenge is the occurrence of distinct genetic haplotypes of both potato psyllid and Liberibacter that differ in host range. Longleaf groundcherry (Physalis longifolia Nutt.) has been substantially overlooked in prior research as a potential noncrop source of Liberibacter-infected B. cockerelli colonizing fields of potato. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of P. longifolia to the three common haplotypes of B. cockerelli (central, western, and northwestern haplotypes), and to two haplotypes of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ (Liberibacter A and B haplotypes). Greenhouse bioassays indicated that B. cockerelli of all three haplotypes produced more offspring on P. longifolia than on potato and preferred P. longifolia over potato during settling and egg-laying activities. Greenhouse and field trials showed that P. longifolia was also highly susceptible to Liberibacter. Additionally, we discovered that infected rhizomes survived winter and produced infected plants in late spring that could then be available for psyllid colonization and pathogen acquisition. Results show that P. longifolia is susceptible to both B. cockerelli and ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ and must be considered as a potentially important source of infective B. cockerelli colonizing potato fields in the western United States.

scholarly journals Tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc) impacts on taewa seed quality and performance preliminary results

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 384-384
Author(s):  
A.J. Puketapu ◽  
R. Gardner-Gee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insecticide Spray

Taewa (Solanum tuberosum L Maori potatoes) are susceptible to tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc TPP) infestation and to infection with the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) vectored by the psyllid Current growing systems used by taewa growers leave the crop highly vulnerable to TPP and Lso infection leading to potential reductions in seed tuber quality and harvestable yield Seed tubers for two virusfree taewa lines (Moemoe and Tutaekuri) grown under high (calendar spraying of insecticides) and low (reduced insecticide spray regime) levels of TPP protection in a zebra chip small plot trial during 2011/12 in Pukekohe were stored after harvest Tubers were later sorted into two seed size categories small (

scholarly journals Localization of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ and Evidence for Surface Appendages in the Potato Psyllid Vector

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cicero ◽  
T. W. Fisher ◽  
J. K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Labeling ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria

The potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli is implicated as the vector of the causal agent of zebra chip of potato and vein-greening of tomato diseases. Until now, visual identification of bacteria in the genus ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ has relied on direct imaging by light and electron microscopy without labeling, or with whole-organ fluorescence labeling only. In this study, aldehyde fixative followed by a coagulant fixative, was used to process adult psyllids for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) colloidal gold in situ hybridization experiments. Results indicated that ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CLso)-specific DNA probes annealed to a bacterium that formed extensive, monocultural biofilms on gut, salivary gland, and oral region tissues, confirming that it is one morphotype of potentially others, that is rod-shaped, approximately 2.5 µm in diameter and of variable length, and has a rough, granular cytosol. In addition, CLso, prepared from shredded midguts, and negatively stained for TEM, possessed pili- and flagella-like surface appendages. Genes implicating coding capacity for both types of surface structures are encoded in the CLso genome sequence. Neither type was seen for CLso associated with biofilms within or on digestive organs, suggesting that their production is stimulated only in certain environments, putatively, in the gut during adhesion leading to multiplication, and in hemolymph to afford systemic invasion.

scholarly journals Identification of Autophagy-Related Genes in the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli and Their Expression Profile in Response to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ in the Gut

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tian Tang ◽  
Cecilia Tamborindeguy
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Expression Profile Analysis ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Autophagy, also known as type II programmed cell death, is a cellular mechanism of “self-eating”. Autophagy plays an important role against pathogen infection in numerous organisms. Recently, it has been demonstrated that autophagy can be activated and even manipulated by plant viruses to facilitate their transmission within insect vectors. However, little is known about the role of autophagy in the interactions of insect vectors with plant bacterial pathogens. ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is a phloem-limited Gram-negative bacterium that infects crops worldwide. Two Lso haplotypes, LsoA and LsoB, are transmitted by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli and cause damaging diseases in solanaceous plants (e.g., zebra chip in potatoes). Both LsoA and LsoB are transmitted by the potato psyllid in a persistent circulative manner: they colonize and replicate within psyllid tissues. Following acquisition, the gut is the first organ Lso encounters and could be a barrier for transmission. In this study, we annotated autophagy-related genes (ATGs) from the potato psyllid transcriptome and evaluated their expression in response to Lso infection at the gut interface. In total, 19 ATGs belonging to 17 different families were identified. The comprehensive expression profile analysis revealed that the majority of the ATGs were regulated in the psyllid gut following the exposure or infection to each Lso haplotype, LsoA and LsoB, suggesting a potential role of autophagy in response to Lso at the psyllid gut interface.

“Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” infection of commercial tomatillo, Physalis ixocarpa Brot. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in Saltillo, Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Alejandro Reyes Corral ◽  
W. Rodney Cooper ◽  
Alexander V Karasev ◽  
Carolina Delgado-Luna ◽  
SERGIO R. Sanchez-PENA
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Psyllid Yellows

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a pest of Solanaceous crops (Solanales) including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Feeding by high populations of nymphs causes psyllid yellows while adults and nymphs are vectors of the plant pathogen, “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso). Foliar symptoms that were consistent with either Lso-infection or psyllid yellows were observed in 2019 on tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.; Solanaceae) grown within an experimental plot located near Saltillo, Mexico. This study had three primary objectives: 1) determine whether the foliar symptoms observed on tomatillo were associated with Lso infection, 2) identify the haplotypes of Lso and potato psyllids present in the symptomatic plot, and 3) use gut content analysis to infer the plant sources of Lso-infected psyllids. Results confirmed that 71% of symptomatic plants and 71% of psyllids collected from the plants were infected with Lso. The detection of Lso in plants and psyllids, and the lack of nymphal populations associated with psyllid yellows strongly suggests that the observed foliar symptoms were caused by Lso infection. All infected plants and insects harbored the more virulent Lso haplotype B, but one psyllid was also co-infected with haplotype A. The potato psyllids were predominantly of the central haplotype, but one psyllid was identified as the western haplotype. Molecular gut content analysis of psyllids confirmed the movement of psyllids between non-crop habitats and tomatillo and indicated that Lso infection of psyllids was associated with increased plant diversity in their diet.

scholarly journals Potato Zebra Chip Disease: A Phytopathological Tale

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Crosslin ◽  
Joseph E. Munyaneza ◽  
Judith K. Brown ◽  
Lia W. Liefting
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Central United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
United States Mexico

Potato zebra chip (ZC) disease is a relative newcomer to the world of important potato diseases. First reported in Mexico in the 1990s, by 2004-2005 the disease was causing serious economic damage in parts of Texas. ZC is now widespread in the south-western and central United States, Mexico, Central America, and was recently reported in New Zealand. By 2006, there seemed to be an association between ZC and the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli). The exact nature of the relationship, however, has only recently been identified by the discovery of a new Candidatus Liberibacter bacterium that is transmitted to potatoes, tomatoes, and other solanaceous hosts by the potato psyllid. This review examines the history of this disease, the association of ZC with the potato psyllid, the host range, and recent research into the bacterial pathogen. Accepted for publication 15 December 2009. Published 17 March 2010.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ‘CandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotypes in Potato Tubers and Psyllid Vectors in Idaho From 2012 to 2018

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 2587-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dahan ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Brandon D. Thompson ◽  
Sahar Eid ◽  
Nora Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Zebra Chip ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Haplotype Distribution ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Tuber Disease

‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is an uncultured, phloem-associated bacterium causing a severe tuber disease in potato called zebra chip (ZC). Seven haplotypes of Lso have been described in different hosts, with haplotypes A and B found associated with infections in potato and tomato. In the field, Lso is transmitted by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), and between 2011 and 2015, a significant change in Lso haplotype prevalence was previously reported in Idaho: from exclusively A haplotype found in tested psyllids in 2012 to mainly B haplotype found in collected psyllids in 2015. However, prevalence of Lso haplotypes in Idaho was not analyzed in potato tubers exhibiting symptoms of ZC. To fill in this knowledge gap, prevalence of Lso haplotypes was investigated in potato tubers harvested in southern Idaho between 2012 and 2018, and it was found to change from exclusively A haplotype in the 2012 season to an almost equal A and B haplotype distribution during the 2016 season. During the same period, haplotype distribution of Lso in psyllid vectors collected using yellow sticky traps also changed, but in psyllids, the shift from A haplotype of Lso to B haplotype was complete, with no A haplotype detected in 2016 to 2018. The changes in the haplotype prevalence of the Lso circulating in potato fields in southern Idaho may be, among other factors, responsible for a decrease in the ZC incidence in Idaho potato fields between an outbreak of the disease in 2012 and a very low level of ZC afterward.

scholarly journals No Evidence of Apoptotic Response of the Potato Psyllid Bactericera cockerelli to “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” at the Gut Interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tian Tang ◽  
Cecilia Tamborindeguy
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Apoptotic Response ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Apoptosis Inducing Factor

ABSTRACT “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” is a pathogen transmitted by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in a persistent manner. In this study, we investigated the molecular interaction between “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” and the potato psyllid at the gut interface. Specifically, we focused on the apoptotic response of potato psyllids to the infection by two “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” haplotypes, LsoA and LsoB. To this end, we first quantified and localized “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” in the gut of adult psyllids. We then evaluated the existence of an apoptotic response in the insect gut using microscopy analyses to visualize the nuclei and the actin cytoskeleton of the gut cells and DNA fragmentation analyses by agarose gel electrophoresis. We also performed annexin V cell death assays to detect apoptosis. Finally, we annotated apoptosis-related genes from the potato psyllid transcriptome and evaluated their expression in response to “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” infection. The results showed no cellular markers of apoptosis despite the large amount of “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” present in the psyllid gut. In addition, only three genes potentially involved in apoptosis were regulated in the psyllid gut in response to “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum”: the apoptosis-inducing factor AIF3 was downregulated in LsoA-infected psyllids, while the inhibitor of apoptosis IAPP5 was downregulated and IAP6 was upregulated in LsoB-infected psyllids. Overall, no evidence of apoptosis was observed in the gut of potato psyllid adults in response to either “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” haplotype. This study represents a first step toward understanding the interactions between “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” and the potato psyllid, which is crucial to developing approaches to disrupt their transmission.

Ovipositional preferences, damage thresholds, and detection of the tomato–potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Homoptera: Psyllidae) on selected tomato accessions

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liu ◽  
J.T. Trumble
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Pest Density ◽  
Psyllid Yellows

AbstractThe tomato–potato psyllid Bactericera [Paratrioza] cockerelli (Sulc) has recently caused losses exceeding 50% on fresh market tomatoes in California and Baja, Mexico by injecting a toxin that results in a condition known as ‘psyllid yellows’. The objectives of this study were to: (i) document oviposition preferences on a range of tomato cultivars; (ii) determine threshold levels for psyllid densities that would cause psyllid yellows on tomatoes within the first three weeks following transplanting; and (iii) identify the most important ‘psyllid yellows’ symptoms that might be used in surveying and monitoring for this pest. Plant lines tested included the commonly-planted commercial cultivars ‘Shady Lady’ and ‘QualiT 21’, an older, previously commercial cultivar ‘7718 VFN’, a common cultivar planted by consumers ‘Yellow Pear’, and a wild type plant accession, PI 134417. When given a choice, psyllids significantly preferred ‘Yellow Pear’ and avoided PI 134417 for oviposition. Under no-choice conditions psyllids laid significantly fewer eggs on PI 134417, but all the other plant lines were equally good substrates for laying eggs. Thus, oviposition preference is not likely to provide a functional management strategy in large plantings. On ‘Shady Lady’, psyllids preferred to oviposit on plants already infested with adults. On both ‘Shady Lady’ and ‘7718 VFN’ oviposition was significantly greater on plants previously infested by nymphs as compared to uninfested control plants. This suggests that, at least for some cultivars, there is a physiological change in plant attractiveness following psyllid feeding. ‘Yellow Pear’ and ‘QualiT 21’ were relatively tolerant of psyllids, requiring 18 nymphs per plant to produce the disease symptoms. Only eight nymphs per plant were needed on ‘Shady Lady’ and ‘7718 VFN’. For all cultivars, the pest density showed strong correlations with measurements such as the number of yellowing leaves and leaflets and distorted leaves, which were as good as or better than the first factor extracted from principal component analysis. Therefore, such measurements have the potential to simplify field surveys.

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