scholarly journals Infrared detection of codling moth larvae in apples

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
R.T. Wilkinson ◽  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
A.J. Hawthorne ◽  
D.E. Hartnett ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Infrared Detection ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a key pest of apples exported from New Zealand and is dif cult to control at levels required to ensure quarantine security demanded by many countries. Market access for New Zealand apples into countries with strict codling-moth quarantine regulations currently relies on methyl bromide fumigation combined with cold treatment (e.g. Japan) or the use of a rigorous systems approach (e.g. Taiwan). Detection of codling moth in apples would enable the very few apples in the packhouse with codling moth to be graded out. In this study, a commercially available Compac Spectrim grading system was used to determine if codling moth entry holes could be detected. This system provides high-clarity images through enhanced lighting and optics, as well as using various infrared wavelengths to target different defects and machine-learning algorithms to differentiate defects. Apples infested with first- or third-instar codling moth larvae were processed through the Spectrim machine. The system successfully identi ed 100% of apples infested with rst- instar larvae and 96% of apples infested with third-instar larvae. Additionally, damage caused by the two life stages was able to be differentiated.

scholarly journals Efficacy of phosphine fumigation of apples for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) disinfestation

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Rogers ◽  
B.L. Bycroft ◽  
K.G. Somerfield ◽  
D.W. Brash ◽  
D. Klementz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Specific Control

Codling moth although rare on New Zealand export pipfruit is a quarantine actionable pest that limits access to countries where it is not present and requires specific control measures during production Fumigation with phosphine gas is a disinfestation technology that has recently been extended to fresh produce Apples infested with codling moth fifth instar larvae and eggs were fumigated for two durations at concentrations from 500 to 3500 ppm phosphine at two temperatures Larval mortality assessed 3 days post fumigation at 05C increased with increasing dose with little difference between 48 and 72h treatments In contrast mortality after fumigation of larvae at 12C did not increase with dose and resulted in overall higher mortality than 05C Codling moth eggs were more susceptible to fumigation at 05C than at 12C; fumigation at 12C had minimal effect at all doses The implications for improved market access using phosphine fumigation are discussed

scholarly journals Will Peri-Urban Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Challenge Local Eradication?

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Horner ◽  
Georgia Paterson ◽  
James T.S. Walker ◽  
George L.W. Perry ◽  
Rodelyn Jaksons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
The City

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a phytosanitary pest of New Zealand’s export apples. The sterile insect technique supplements other controls in an eradication attempt at an isolated group of orchards in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand. There has been no attempt in New Zealand to characterize potential sources of uncontrolled peri-urban populations, which we predicted to be larger than in managed orchards. We installed 200 pheromone traps across Hastings city, which averaged 0.32 moths/trap/week. We also mapped host trees around the pilot eradication orchards and installed 28 traps in rural Ongaonga, which averaged 0.59 moths/trap/week. In Hastings, traps in host trees caught significantly more males than traps in non-host trees, and spatial interpolation showed evidence of spatial clustering. Traps in orchards operating the most stringent codling moth management averaged half the catch rate of Hastings peri-urban traps. Orchards with less rigorous moth control had a 5-fold higher trap catch rate. We conclude that peri-urban populations are significant and ubiquitous, and that special measures to reduce pest prevalence are needed to achieve area-wide suppression and reduce the risk of immigration into export orchards. Because the location of all host trees in Hastings is not known, it could be more cost-effectively assumed that hosts are ubiquitous across the city and the area treated accordingly.

Evaluation of a non-chemical disinfestation treatment on quality of pome fruit and mortality of lepidopterous pests

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chervin ◽  
S. L. Kreidl ◽  
P. R. Franz ◽  
A. J. Hamilton ◽  
S. R. Whitmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Time Required

Australian pome fruit exports to northern America and Japan are rejected if they contain lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker) or codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus) respectively. A warm controlled atmosphere (CA) disinfestation treatment (72 h at 28˚C at 0, 1 or 2 kPa O2 ), followed by varying lengths of cold storage (5 weeks, 10 weeks or 6 months), is described. Four cultivars were studied: Packham’s Triumph pears (Pyrus communis Linnaeus); Royal Gala; Fuji and Pink Lady apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Consumer panels found that fruit subjected to the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment and cold storage were as acceptable as control fruit. This is an important finding as previously published results for a harsher treatment described treated fruit (especially Pink Lady) as being less acceptable than controls. Some advanced ripening was observed for treated Packham’s Triumph pears. After 5 and 10 weeks cold storage, treated Royal Gala apples were generally firmer than the controls. Insects were also subjected to the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment. The most tolerant life stage (MTS) of lightbrown apple moth was the sixth instar with an LT95 of 37 days cold storage (0.5˚C) after the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment. Comparison with previous research suggests that the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment approximately halves the time required in cold storage for effective control of late instar lightbrown apple moth. A LT95 of 81 days was achieved for fifth instar codling moths (considered to be the MTS) and this may need to be reduced for export to Japan. Preliminary observations suggested that there may not be substantial difference between the resistance of non-diapausing and pre-diapausing codling moth larvae to the warm CA followed by cold treatment.

Infrared Detection of Internal Feeders of Deciduous Tree Fruits

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Hansen ◽  
Richard Carlton ◽  
Steve Adams ◽  
Lawrence A. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Infrared Detection ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Tree Fruits ◽  
Established Species ◽  
The U.S

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a worldwide pest of apple and pear. Due to the severity of codling moth in agroecosystems, it is a quarantine pest in countries where it is not considered an established species. Detection of codling moth infestations in exports intended for these countries is crucial to the U.S. apple industry. Tests were conducted on infrared thermoimaging that demonstrate detection of infestation by codling moth larva in apples. The system is dependent on subtle but significant differences in surface temperature between infested or entry sites and nearby uninfested sites. Because the imaging data are digital, computer programs can be used to rapidly and effectively sort infested fruits from the packing line.

scholarly journals Parasitoids associated with codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apple-growing regions in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Vicky A. Davis ◽  
W.R. Manoharie Sandanayaka ◽  
John G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Light Brown Apple Moth ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Mastrus Ridens

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) (CM) is a major pest of apples in New Zealand. Several biocontrol agents introduced in the past to control CM have only been partially successful at reducing CM populations, so a parasitoid wasp, Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was recently released into apple-growing regions. This study sought evidence of the establishment of CM parasitoids. Corrugated cardboard bands (2-cm wide bands with sentinel CM larvae and 10-cm wide empty bands to trap wild CM larvae) were used to assess the presence of M. ridens and other CM parasitoids in Hawke’s Bay, Nelson, Central Otago and Waikato regions. Five CM parasitoid species, including M. ridens, were recovered from sentinel and wide bands. Liotryphon caudatus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, released to control CM in 1906) was found in Hawke’s Bay and Waikato. Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, released to control CM in the 1930s), Glabridorsum stokesii (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, released in 1967 to control light brown apple moth), Dibrachys microgastri (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae, an accidental arrival) and M. ridens were found in all regions. The interspecific competition between M. ridens and other parasitoid species remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Longevity and fecundity of laboratoryreared Liotryphon caudatus an ectoparasitoid of codling moth

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
V.A. Davis ◽  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
J.G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Mastrus Ridens

Liotryphon caudatus was introduced into New Zealand to control codling moth (CM; Cydia pomonella) in the early 1900s As part of ongoing research into the biological control of CM a laboratory colony of L caudatus was established from fieldcollected adults reared on diapausing CM larvae The longevity and fecundity of laboratoryreared L caudatus adults were measured at 231C and 16 h photoperiod Longevity in a nonhost environment was measured by holding a newly emerged female and a male in a container with water and food Survival of 18 pairs was monitored daily The food and water in the containers were refreshed regularly The fecundity and the longevity of females were measured by providing five diapausing CM larvae to each of nine mated females (age 710 days) in a similar container with food and water The CM larvae were replaced every 48 hours until the females were dead In the interactions between L caudatus and Mastrus ridens a recently released gregarious ectoparasitoid of codling moth in applegrowing areas where L caudatus has already established

scholarly journals Efficacy of ethyl formate as a disinfestation treatment for codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apples

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
M.J. Griffin ◽  
S.P. Redpath ◽  
A. Chhagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Codling moth (CM Cydia pomonella) is a pest of quarantine concern on apple exports to Asian markets Apples exported to Japan must be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) and then cold stored Ethyl formate (EF) as an alternative to MB is effective against a range of pests This project investigated the effectiveness of EF to control an internal pest such as CM by determining the responses of key insect stages without fruit and inside apples Trials without fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that latestage CM eggs and third instar CM larvae were the most tolerant life stages requiring a mean concentration of 134194 EF to achieve 99 mortality but 100 mortality of 4th/5th instar CM larvae Trials with CM in fruit in a 2 h fumigation showed that 113 EF resulted in 534 mortality of 4th/5th CM larvae inside apples Increasing the mean concentration to 24 EF increased the mortality of 4th/5th larvae inside apples to 852

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Mating Disruption, Insecticides, and the Sterile Insect Technique on Cydia pomonella in New Zealand

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Horner ◽  
Peter L. Lo ◽  
David J. Rogers ◽  
James T. S. Walker ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

Codling moth was introduced into New Zealand, and remains a critical pest for the apple industry. Apples exported to some markets require strict phytosanitary measures to eliminate the risk of larval infestation. Mating disruption and insecticide applications are the principal means of suppression in New Zealand. We tested the potential for the sterile insect technique (SIT) to supplement these measures to achieve local eradication or suppression of this pest. SIT was trialed in an isolated group of six integrated fruit production (IFP) orchards and one organic orchard (total 391 ha), using sterilized insects imported from Canada, with release by unmanned aerial vehicle and from the ground. Eradication was not achieved across the region, but a very high level of codling moth suppression was achieved at individual orchards after the introduction of sterile moths in combination with mating disruption and larvicides. After six years of releases, catches of wild codling moths at three IFP orchards (224 ha) were 90–99% lower than in 2013–2014, the year before releases began. Catches at three other IFP orchards (129 ha) decreased by 67–97% from the year before releases began (2015–2016), from lower initial levels. At a certified organic orchard with a higher initial population under only organic larvicides and mating disruption, by 2019–2020, there was an 81% reduction in wild moths capture from 2016–2017, the year before releases began.

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