scholarly journals Security Enhancement of IoT and Fog Computing Via Blockchain Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadan T. H. Hasan ◽  
◽  
Siddeeq Y. Ameen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Distributed Networks ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Security Enhancement ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Blockchain technology is now becoming highly appealing to the next generation because it is better tailored to the information age. Blockchain technologies can also be used in the Internet of Things (IoT) and fog computing. The development of IoT and Fog Computing technologies in different fields has resulted in a major improvement in distributed networks. Blockchain technology is now becoming highly appealing to the next generation because it is better tailored to the information age. Blockchain technologies can also be used in IoT and fog computing. The blockchain principle necessitates a transparent data storage mechanism for storing and exchanging data and transactions throughout the network. In this paper, first, we explained blockchain, its architecture, and its security. Then we view Blockchain application in IoT security. Then we explained Fog computing, Generic Security Requirements for Fog Computing, and we also discussed Blockchain applications that enhance Fog Computing Security. Finally, we conduct a review of some recent literature on using blockchain applications to improve IoT and fog computing security and compare the methods proposed in the literature.

scholarly journals Privacy protection for fog computing and the internet of things data based on blockchain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
Jianbiao Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Single Point ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) field, more and more data are generated by IoT devices and transferred over the network. However, a large amount of IoT data is sensitive, and the leakage of such data is a privacy breach. The security of sensitive IoT data is a big issue, as the data is shared over an insecure network channel. Current solutions include symmetric encryption and access controls to secure the data transfer, but they have some drawbacks such as a single point of failure. Blockchain is a promising distributed ledger technology that can prevent the malicious tampering of data, offering reliable data storage. This paper proposes a distributed access control system based on blockchain technology to secure IoT data. The proposed mechanism is based on fog computing and the concept of the alliance chain. This method uses mixed linear and nonlinear spatiotemporal chaotic systems (MLNCML) and the least significant bit (LSB) to encrypt the IoT data on an edge node and then upload the encrypted data to the cloud. The proposed mechanism can solve the problem of a single point of failure of access control by providing the dynamic and fine-grained access control for IoT data. The experimental results of this method demonstrated that it can protect the privacy of IoT data efficiently.

scholarly journals IoT-Fog A Communication Framework using Blockchain in the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Communication Framework ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p>The fog computing is the emerging technology to compute, store, control and connecting smart devices with each other using cloud computing. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an architecture of uniquely identified interrelated physical things, these physical things are able to communicate with each other and can transmit and receive information. <a>This research presents a framework of the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Fog computing. The blockchain is also the emerging technology that provides a hyper, distributed, public, authentic ledger to record the transactions. Blockchains technology is a secured technology that can be a boon for the next generation computing. The combination of fog, blockchains, and IoT creates a new opportunity in this area. In this research, the author presents a middleware framework based on the blockchain, fog, and IoT. The framework is implemented and tested. The results are found positive. </a></p>

scholarly journals Blockchain-Based Security Mechanism for the Medical Data at Fog Computing Architecture of Internet of Things

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2110
Author(s):  
Desire Ngabo ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Celestine Iwendi ◽  
Joseph Henry Anajemba ◽  
Lukman Adewale Ajao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security Mechanism ◽  
Computing Architecture ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
And Storage

The recent developments in fog computing architecture and cloud of things (CoT) technology includes data mining management and artificial intelligence operations. However, one of the major challenges of this model is vulnerability to security threats and cyber-attacks against the fog computing layers. In such a scenario, each of the layers are susceptible to different intimidations, including the sensed data (edge layer), computing and processing of data (fog (layer), and storage and management for public users (cloud). The conventional data storage and security mechanisms that are currently in use appear to not be suitable for such a huge amount of generated data in the fog computing architecture. Thus, the major focus of this research is to provide security countermeasures against medical data mining threats, which are generated from the sensing layer (a human wearable device) and storage of data in the cloud database of internet of things (IoT). Therefore, we propose a public-permissioned blockchain security mechanism using elliptic curve crypto (ECC) digital signature that that supports a distributed ledger database (server) to provide an immutable security solution, transaction transparency and prevent the patient records tampering at the IoTs fog layer. The blockchain technology approach also helps to mitigate these issues of latency, centralization, and scalability in the fog model.

Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bonnie Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Pittsburgh ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The University

AbstractI first heard of blockchain technology at a conference in 2017 when Christopher Wilmer, Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh and Managing Editor of Ledger, [1] gave a presentation on the technology. While he did mention Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies with which the technology was originally associated, Wilmer’s talk explained how his journal uses blockchain for proof-of-publication. He commented that as a data-storage mechanism, “blockchains are well-suited to be used in scholarly publishing because they are extremely resilient, tamper-proof, practically indestructible databases; there is no single point of failure or cost of operation; and there is an incontrovertible proof-of-publication date, even across countries and institutions whose incentives are not aligned (which is sometimes a point of contention for scientists racing to discover cure/new theorem/etc.)” [2].

Current Trends in Integrating the Blockchain With Cloud-Based Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Anchitaalagammai J. V. ◽  
Kavitha S. ◽  
Murali S. ◽  
Hemalatha P. R. ◽  
Subanachiar T.
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Blockchains are shared, immutable ledgers for recording the history of transactions. They substitute a new generation of transactional applications that establish trust, accountability, and transparency. It enables contract partners to secure a deal without involving a trusted third party. The internet of things (IoT) is rapidly changing our society to a world where every “thing” is connected to the internet, making computing pervasive like never before. It is increasingly becoming a ubiquitous computing service, requiring huge volumes of data storage and processing. The stable growth of the internet of things (IoT) and the blockchain technology popularized by cryptocurrencies has led to efforts to change the centralized nature of the IoT. Adapting the blockchain technology for use in the IoT is one such efforts. This chapter focuses on blockchain-IoT research directions and to provide an overview of the importance of blockchain-based solutions for cloud data manipulation in IoT.

scholarly journals RAIN: A Bio-Inspired Communication and Data Storage Infrastructure

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Monti ◽  
Steen Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Distributed Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy By Design ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
File Storage ◽  
Storage Service ◽  
The Internet Of Things

We summarize the results and perspectives from a companion article, where we presented and evaluated an alternative architecture for data storage in distributed networks. We name the bio-inspired architecture RAIN, and it offers file storage service that, in contrast with current centralized cloud storage, has privacy by design, is open source, is more secure, is scalable, is more sustainable, has community ownership, is inexpensive, and is potentially faster, more efficient, and more reliable. We propose that a RAIN-style architecture could form the backbone of the Internet of Things that likely will integrate multiple current and future infrastructures ranging from online services and cryptocurrency to parts of government administration.

scholarly journals Data Storage Mechanism Based on Blockchain with Privacy Protection in Wireless Body Area Network

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Ren ◽  
Yan Leng ◽  
Fujian Zhu ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Signature Scheme ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Storage Mechanism ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are expected to play a vital role in the field of patient-health monitoring shortly. They provide a convenient way to collect patient data, but they also bring serious problems which are mainly reflected in the safe storage of the collected data. The privacy and security of data storage in WBAN devices cannot meet the needs of WBAN users. Therefore, this paper adopts blockchain technology to store data, which improves the security of the collected data. Moreover, a storage model based on blockchain in WBAN is proposed in our solution. However, blockchain storage brings new problems, for example, that the storage space of blockchain is small, and the stored content is open to unauthorized attackers. To solve the problems above, this paper proposed a sequential aggregate signature scheme with a designated verifier (DVSSA) to ensure that the user’s data can only be viewed by the designated person and to protect the privacy of the users of WBAN. In addition, the new signature scheme can also compress the size of the blockchain storage space.

scholarly journals Fog computing security and privacy issues, open challenges, and blockchain solution: An overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5081
Author(s):  
Yehia Ibrahim Alzoubi ◽  
Ahmad Al-Ahmad ◽  
Ashraf Jaradat
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privacy Issues

<span lang="EN-US">Due to the expansion growth of the IoT devices, Fog computing was proposed to enhance the low latency IoT applications and meet the distribution nature of these devices. However, Fog computing was criticized for several privacy and security vulnerabilities. This paper aims to identify and discuss the security challenges for Fog computing. It also discusses blockchain technology as a complementary mechanism associated with Fog computing to mitigate the impact of these issues. The findings of this paper reveal that blockchain can meet the privacy and security requirements of fog computing; however, there are several limitations of blockchain that should be further investigated in the context of Fog computing.</span>

scholarly journals IoT-Fog A Communication Framework using Blockchain in the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Communication Framework ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p>The fog computing is the emerging technology to compute, store, control and connecting smart devices with each other using cloud computing. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an architecture of uniquely identified interrelated physical things, these physical things are able to communicate with each other and can transmit and receive information. <a>This research presents a framework of the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Fog computing. The blockchain is also the emerging technology that provides a hyper, distributed, public, authentic ledger to record the transactions. Blockchains technology is a secured technology that can be a boon for the next generation computing. The combination of fog, blockchains, and IoT creates a new opportunity in this area. In this research, the author presents a middleware framework based on the blockchain, fog, and IoT. The framework is implemented and tested. The results are found positive. </a></p>

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